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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aspectos psicossociais do auto-exame: implicaÃÃes num outro olhar da prevenÃÃo do cÃncer de mama / Psicossociais aspects of the auto-examination: implications in one another look of the prevention of the breast cancer

Ana Ecilda Lima Ellery 09 June 2004 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O cÃncer de mama à uma patologia de incidÃncia crescente, tanto nos paÃses desenvolvidos quanto nos paÃses em desenvolvimento, parecendo estarem suas causas relacionadas ao estilo de vida moderna, de difÃcil controle. Neste contexto, os esforÃos sÃo dirigidos à prevenÃÃo secundÃria, no sentido de diagnosticar cada vez precocemente os tumores, com vistas a evitar maiores mutilaÃÃes e assegurar longa sobrevida e qualidade de vida para as mulheres acometidas por este tipo de neoplasia. Entre os mÃtodos de detecÃÃo precoce que vinham sendo recomendados pelo Instituto Nacional do CÃncer, atà o lanÃamento do Consenso para Controle do CÃncer de Mama, em abril de 2004, o auto-exame das mamas â AEM ocupava lugar de destaque, ao lado do exame mÃdico e da mamografia. Contudo, as pesquisas indicam a dificuldade de adesÃo das mulheres a este tipo de exame, apesar de ser uma tÃcnica indolor, rÃpida e gratuita. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os aspectos psicossociais envolvidos na prÃtica do auto-exame das mamas, no intuito de oferecer subsÃdios para as prÃticas preventivas em cÃncer de mama. Para a realizaÃÃo deste estudo, utilizamos a Epistemologia Qualitativa, Gonzalez Rey (2002), a qual se embasa no MÃtodo DialÃtico e compreende ser a quantidade e a qualidade dos fatos inseparÃveis e interdependentes. Nesta perspectiva, nosso estudo contemplou tanto a realidade estruturada por meio dos nÃmeros quanto os aspectos qualitativos. Desenvolvemos um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 561 mulheres no municÃpio de Sobral-CE, como tambÃm entrevistamos treze mulheres, consideradas informantes-chave para o estudo, e realizamos uma reuniÃo de grupo com mulheres mastectomizadas. O processo de construÃÃo de informaÃÃes permitiu a identificaÃÃo de seis focos temÃticos: 1. Conhecimento e freqÃÃncia da prÃtica do auto-exame das mamas e variÃveis correlacionadas; 2. Significados atribuÃdos e sentidos produzidos sobre o AEM; 3. MotivaÃÃo para a prÃtica do AEM; 4. Entendendo a resistÃncia para a prÃtica do AEM; 5. Discursos e sentidos presentes nas aÃÃes educativas; 6. Repensando as prÃticas preventivas em cÃncer de mama. A articulaÃÃo destes focos temÃticos permitiu- nos tecer reflexÃes acerca da representaÃÃo social do cÃncer de mama em nossa sociedade, que influencia sobremaneira a aceitaÃÃo do auto-exame de mamas. Isto porque referida tÃcnica vinha sendo trabalhada como forma de identificar alteraÃÃo nas mamas, associada ao cÃncer de mama, exacerbando o temor da existÃncia deste nas mulheres. ConcluÃmos que o auto-exame das mamas, ao contrÃrio do postulado por muitos, nÃo à uma tÃcnica simples de ser realizada, pressupondo capacidade de enfrentamento, pois, ao fazer o auto-exame, a mulher depara-se com uma situaÃÃo, na qual, de forma solitÃria, pode encontrar algo que ela considera ser maligno. Esta expectativa da mulher à fruto das prÃticas discursivas dominantes sobre o auto-exame e sobre o cÃncer de mama. ConcluÃmos, ainda, existir conhecimento suficiente sobre a etiologia do cÃncer de mama capaz de orientar aÃÃes no sentido da prevenÃÃo primÃria desta patologia, se compreendermos ser o adoecimento um processo complexo a envolver aspectos fÃsicos, psicolÃgicos, sociais e ambientais. / The breast cancer is a pathology that has crescent incidence, in the countries of higher degree of development like in the countries in development. There are evidences that its causes seem to have relation to modern life style, of difficult control. In this context, the efforts are direct to secondary prevention, in order to make an early diagnosis of tumors, trying to avoid a great number of mutilations and ensure higher survival and a better quality of life for women with this type of neoplasy. Among of the methods of precocious detection that had been recommended by Cancer National Institute, until the launch of Consensus to the Control of Breast Cancer, in April 2004, the breast self-examinations had prominence of place, beside medical exam and mammography. However, researches show the women are difficult of breast self- examination adhesion, although this is a painless, fast and free technique. The aim of this study was the comprehension of the psicossociais aspects involved in breast self-examination, in order to offer subsidy to prevention practices in breast of cancer. To realization this study, we based on the Qualitative Epistemology, Gonzalez Rey (2002). It is based on Dialectic Method and shows that the quality and quantity of facts are inseparable and interpedent. In this direction, our study pondered either the structure reality through the numbers as the qualitatives aspects. We accomplished a transversal study, of population base, with 561 women in the Sobral city, state of CearÃ, Brazil. 13 women were interviewed. They were considered key â informers for survey. It was made still a group meeting with women who had the breast cancer. The process of the construction of information allowed the identification of six themes: 1. knowledge and frequency of breast self-examination and variable correlated; 2. Imputed meaning and produced sense about breast self-examination; 3. Motivation of the practice breast self-examination; 4. Resistance to practice of the breast self-examination; 5. Talks and insight sense in the education actions; 6. Re-think the preventive practices in breast cancer. Based on the process of information construction, we understand the cancer social representation, which influences the acceptation of breast self-examination. The breast self-examination is associated with breast cancer and this fact increases the fear of women. We conclude that the breast self-examination isnât a simple technique to make. It needs support to find any alteration in breast. We also conclude that there is sufficient knowledge to make primary prevention in breast cancer. It is necessary to understand that the illness process is complex and involves subjective, physics, social and environmental aspects.

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