In this thesis I examine, within a behavioural finance framework, the impact on stock prices of order and trade imbalance in three separate but related studies. The first study, chapter two, begins with a question that plagues behavioural finance theories???do the investors most likely to be influenced by the behavioural biases described in the literature, i.e., individual investors, affect stock prices? My data enable me to consider the impact of net individual investor trading for the entire market over several years. I find that net individual investor purchasing Grangercauses stock price changes. The correlation is negative, however, contradicting common sense by demonstrating that individuals investor buying pressure makes prices go down and selling pressure forces them up. More investigation is required. Chapter three references order imbalance results from experimental finance. I use field data to test a robust laboratory model and my modified versions. My findings suggest that, with appropriate modifications, laboratory results can be applied to real financial markets. Chapter four combines the data from the chapters two and three to revisit the question of individual investor impact on stock prices. Other studies have argued that individual investor influence is strongest in smaller capitalization stocks. Moreover, various theories propose that individual investors are the driving force behind the irrational stock prices of a bubble. I focus on the stocks from chapter three, bubble stocks, and ask whether, in the context of the trading of the entire market, individual investor trades are influential. Once again I find Grangercausality, but in the wrong direction. Moreover, the activity and volume of the individual investor category of the holdings data is completely overshadowed by that of the two large investor categories, domestic and foreign institutions. I conclude that individual investor trades are not influential in determining stock prices. This conclusion has important implications for some behavioural finance models of asset pricing. I suggest that emphasis might be better placed on educating individual investors about the errors to which they are prone, rather than on trying to explain market anomalies with those errors.

This thesis focuses on the development of exchange rate policy in the Czech Republic and its effect on the balance of trade. The first part considers the exchange rate and its regimes, balance of trade and factors that determine them. The most of the exchange rate theories is not valid in the Czech Republic, it is caused by the fact that the development of the exchange rate is influenced by all the factors together. In my thesis there I concerned with the exchange rate compensatory mechanism in more detail. The relation between the exchange rate and the balance of trade is in the case of small open economy like the Czech Republic evident, but the exchange rate is not always the determined factor that affects the final height of Czech exports or imports. These facts are confirmed in the second part of this thesis that analyses the development of exchange rate policy in the Czech Republic during the period 1993-2008.

First chapter - basic characteristics of Israel Second chapter - economy of Israel. Third chapter - Czech Republic and Israel. Balance of trade. Main export, import articles. Forth chapter - israeli culture.

The thesis deals with the development of the external economic balance and the influencing factors. It describes the development of individual accounts of the balance of payments from 1993 to 2010 and it mainly focuses on last years and on the time of financial and economic crisis. Consequently in accordance to the basic theoretical concepts, it defines factors which can influence the individual parts of the balance of payments, and it analyzes the mutual relations. On the basis of analysis of the trade balance, current account, basic balance and total balance it was confirmed that the Czech Republic does not have a high risk of external imbalance. But during the financial and economic crisis the external balance worsened, the export of goods and import of direct investment decreased, the balance of income worsened. It was also approved that the external and internal income significantly influence the external balance of the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis focuses on innovation policy of Germany, its development and characteristics. It briefly describes the state role in the area of innovation policy and authorities involved in there. This thesis deals with technological specialization in German innovation system and position of German research system in international comparison. It also analyzes the impact of innovation policy on balance of trade.

The present study examines the trade patterns of Less - Developed Countries from 1978 to 1986. Trade data for twenty-five developing countries is examined to test the hypothesis that there are universal factors effecting the development of every country. The hypothesis predicts that as economic development progresses, the proportion of total trade in primary goods will decrease while the proportion of total trade in manufactured goods will increase. In order to test what is a long run phenomena for countries with relatively short time periods of data available, a pooled cross-sectional model is utilized. / Master of Arts

The paper compares several methods a developing country can use to select a basket of currencies against which to peg its exchange rate, if the country's goal is to minimize variations in its real effective exchange rate. Data over the period 1973-1983 for Zaire, Zambia, Chile and Peru are used to compare the lowest variance exchange rate pegs that are obtained by: a) using different formulas to calculate the indexes of exchange rate variability, b) using different types of weights in the formulas (e.g., weighting bilateral exchange rate fluctuations by export, import or total trade), and c) calculating the indexes of exchange rate variation over different time periods within 1973-1983. / M.A.

The purpose of this study is assess the domestic regional impacts of changes in federal fiscal policies and the nation's trade deficit. An attempt is made to fill a gap in the literature of regional economics by providing an explanation of how economic changes at national and international levels are transmitted to regions, and by providing general-equilibrium estimates of the effects of these changes. The level of regional economic activity is assumed to be linked to the federal budget through federal purchases of goods and services, through intergovernmental transfers, and through net transfers to households. Domestic regions are linked to the balance of trade through shifts in exports and imports and through shifts in net income transfers from abroad. An interregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is constructed and calibrated for Virginia and the rest of the United States (ROUS). Scenarios approximating federal fiscal policies and the trade deficit during the period 1981-85 are introduced, and the model is solved to obtain a new equilibrium. As a result of these shocks, it is concluded: (a) that the magnitude of sectoral effects differed in Virginia versus ROUS, (b) that in contrast to non-rural sectors, rural sectors in Virginia experienced slower growth in value added, (c) that investment in Virginia and in ROUS increased in response to the net inflow of savings from abroad, but the increase was mitigated by the rise in federal spending, and (d) that a tariff increase on the output of the apparel and textile industry would increase output in that industry in Virginia but would decrease it in other industries if the economy were fully employed. / Ph. D.

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The continued funding of America's persistent trade and fiscal deficits has sparked debate among international economists. One controversial explanation argues that East Asia is pursuing "Bretton Woods II" and funding American deficits as part of a greater development policy. This paper examines the Chinese policy response to the global economic crisis and finds that China's policy actions provide evidence for "Bretton Woods II." Furthermore, the Sino-American relationship is now characterized by codependence which has implications for the policy decisions of each country.