Armoured vehicles in current military service are requiring ever more protection to enable them to carry out their mission in a safe, effective manner. This requirement is driving vehicle weight up to such an extent that the logistics of vehicle transport is becoming increasingly difficult. Composite materials are an important material group whose high specific properties can enable structures to be manufactured for a far lower weight than might otherwise be possible. Composite materials in an armoured vehicle will require structural performance as well as ballistic performance. The mechanical and ballistic performance of tl-kk armour and structural composites has been investigated against dcformable and armour-piercing ammunitions, over a range of impact velocities. Testing has indicated that heavy/coarse reinforcement weaves perform well against deformable ammunition and light/fine weaves well against armour piercing ammunition. The effect of individual mechanical properties on ballistic performance has been investigated as has the damage morphology of impacted materials. High tensile strength combined with low fracture toughness has been identified as an important requirement. Failure mechanisms have been identified from sections of ballistic impacts and through the use of mechanical test data the energy absorbed by each mechanism has been calculated. An energy audit has been carried out of all materials tested and a modelling procedure developed based on mechanical characteristics, damage morphology and failure mechanisms. This model has been tested against literature results and found to give very satisfactory performance.

[pt] Analizam-se os principais métodos de Cálculo para determinação dos parâmetros do tiro, segundo modelos que consideram exclusivamente a variação temporal das variáveis envolvidas. Aplicam-se os métodos selecionados a exemplos de tiros reais. Comparam-se resultados teóricos com experimentais. Apontam-se as principais dificuldades relativas a obtenção dos dados relativos às características termodinâmicas e balísticas dos propelentes, determinadas nos testes de bomba manomêtrica. Aplicam-se os conceitos de função de forma geométrica e de vivacidade dinâmica dos propelentes comprovando-se a validade de ambos na previsão dos resultados de tiros. / [en] The principal methods of calculation of the parameters from the shot are analysed, according to models that take into consideration exclusively the time variation of the envolved variables. The selected methods are applied in real shots examples. Experimental and theoretical results are compared. The main difficulties concerning the obtention of data of thermodynamics and ballistics characteristics of the propellants are pointed out through tests developed in manometrics bombs. The concepts of geometric form function and dynamic vivacity of propellants are applied, conforming the validity of both to forecast the effects of the shots.

In this thesis, the plausibility of developing a portable light-weight artillery computer has been investigated. The main goal of the project has been to replace the traditional methods that the Swedish Armed Forces are using today to find firing solutions for their mortar, the GRK m/84. A computational core has been written in Java that simulates the trajectory of a shell using the model in NATO's STANAG 4355. The developed system finds firing solutions by using shooting methods and the multi-dimensional Newton Raphson's method. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) tailored to mobile computers has been designed in Android. The computational core along with the GUI has been installed on a rugged hand held computer and the whole unit has been tested at Markstridsskolan (MSS). The tests showed that the computational core delivers firing solutions that coincide very well with the actual firing solutions needed to hit the desired target.

Armoured vehicles in current military service are requiring ever more protection to enable them to carry out their mission in a safe, effective manner. This requirement is driving vehicle weight up to such an extent that the logistics of vehicle transport is becoming increasingly difficult. Composite materials are an important material group whose high specific properties can enable structures to be manufactured for a far lower weight than might otherwise be possible. Composite materials in an armoured vehicle will require structural performance as well as ballistic performance. The mechanical and ballistic performance of tl-kk armour and structural composites has been investigated against dcformable and armour-piercing ammunitions, over a range of impact velocities. Testing has indicated that heavy/coarse reinforcement weaves perform well against deformable ammunition and light/fine weaves well against armour piercing ammunition. The effect of individual mechanical properties on ballistic performance has been investigated as has the damage morphology of impacted materials. High tensile strength combined with low fracture toughness has been identified as an important requirement. Failure mechanisms have been identified from sections of ballistic impacts and through the use of mechanical test data the energy absorbed by each mechanism has been calculated. An energy audit has been carried out of all materials tested and a modelling procedure developed based on mechanical characteristics, damage morphology and failure mechanisms. This model has been tested against literature results and found to give very satisfactory performance.

This diploma thesis deals with the research of fast processes. It delineates technique the process is captured by with following interpretation of the results received. Fast processes are captured using high speed video camera system Olympus i-SPEED 2. The actual object of measuring and examination was an air pistol and its initial velocity.

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This thesis discusses how bending of Armox 500T and Armox 440T affects the ballistic properties; it also discusses the bending performance of Armox 500T and Armox 440T. The purpose is to develop new bending recommendations, and to investigate the correlation between bending radius and maintaining ballistic performance and offer more reliable bending recommendations to the Armox customers. The new bending recommendations will satisfy both mechanical and ballistic performance. To achieve the purpose, bending tests was made, and then the bended specimens were used to investigate the deformation from the bending. The method hardness mapping was used to describe the deformation in the specimen, because of the lack of information of deformation mechanism in martensitic steels. To test the ballistic properties, V50-tests were made on bended specimens at Åkers Krutbruk Protection AB. The V50-value is the calculated average value from six rounds, with three stops and three penetrations in a span of 40 m/s. The result from the testing shows that the bending does not have any significantly effect on the ballistic properties on the tested combinations of materials and ammunitions.   The conclusions from the testing results are that the bending does not significantly influence the ballistic properties for the tested materials and ammunitions and the bending recommendations were greatly improved.

This thesis work is dedicated towards finding a feasible test rig design, which can expose small components, produced by SAAB, to a variety of accelerations under different conditions. A literature study is conducted with the objective of gathering information regarding high acceleration testing, where relevant components, designs and calculation methods are presented. A series of concepts are presented and evaluated against a requirement specification, the first concept iteration concerns the method of acceleration whereas the second and the third concept iterations concerns the design of the test rig on different levels of detail. The third concept evaluation is strengthened by several calculations, which indicates the feasibility of the concept in some manner. One concept achieved the highest score in the third concept evaluation and as such is presented as the best suited concept for further development. / Denna avhandling är dedikerad till framtagningen av en möjlig design för en provningsrigg, som kan utsätta små komponenter, som produceras av SAAB, för flera olika accelerationer under olika förhållanden. En litteraturstudie genomförs med syftet att samla information om provning under höga accelerationer, där relevanta komponenter, designer och beräkningsmetoder presenteras. En serie koncept presenteras och utvärderas med hjälp av en kravspecifikation. Den första konceptiterationen berör metoden för acceleration, medan den andra och den tredje konceptiterationen berör designen av provningsriggen. Den tredje koncept utvärderingen stärks av flera beräkningar, som indikerar konceptets lämplighet ur något perspektiv. Ett koncept uppnådde högst poäng i den tredje koncept utvärderingen och presenteras därav som det bäst lämpade konceptet för vidare utveckling.

In many cases of crimes involving a firearm, police investigators need to know how far the firearm was held from the victim when it was discharged. Knowing this distance, vital questions regarding the re-construction of the crime scene can be known. Often, the original firearm used in commission of a suspected crime is not available for testing or is damaged. Crime laboratories require the original firearm in order to conduct distance determination tests. However, no empirical research has ever been conducted to determine if same make and model firearms produce different results in distance determination testing. It was the purpose of this study to determine if there are significant differences between the same make and model of firearms in distance determination testing. The findings indicate no significant differences; furthermore they imply that if the original firearm is not available, another firearm of the same make and model may be used.

Firearms are present in two-thirds of United States households. As of 2003, roughly 500,000 projectile wounds occur annually in the United States. This costs an estimated 2.3 billion dollars of medical spending. The best treatment of gunshot wounds relies heavily on experience, but even with experience the unpredictable nature of ballistics can make treatment difficult. Wound ballistics studies the injury pattern of a particular bullet. Ballistic gelatin tests are used to analyze this pattern. A block of 10 or 20% ballistic gelatin is set and a bullet is fired through the block. Key characteristics of the wound profile seen in this test include: depth penetration, permanent cavity, and temporary cavity. Even with ballistic gelatin tests, there is still confusion and many unknowns throughout wound ballistic literature. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to reproduce the wound profile of a ballistic gelatin test. A .38 lead round nose was chosen to model. The bullet was assigned as an elastic plastic material and the ballistic gelatin block was assigned as an elastic plastic and viscoelastic material. SolidWorks®, TrueGrid®, and LS-DYNA® were used to create the models. Two elastic plastic and two viscoelastic simulations were developed from these models. Elastic Plastic 2 and Viscoelastic 1 were able to reproduce a depth penetration, temporary cavity, and permanent cavity. Elastic Plastic 1 and Viscoelastic 2 were unable to reproduce the temporary cavity. These simulations provided hopeful results, but further investigation is needed for contribution to the advancement of bullet wound treatment.