xii, 114 p. : ill. / The banking sector has been extensively analyzed in economics. On the microeconomic side, research has advanced our understanding of banks and the inverse relationship between market power and bank production. The macroeconomic side of research has focused on the transmission of monetary policy, and it is understood that the financial system, including banks, plays an integral role in transmitting monetary policy decisions to economic variables such as investment, consumption, and GDP. There is limited understanding, however, about how market power and bank concentration affects the transmission of monetary policy. The main focus of this dissertation is to address this gap in the literature and is achieved by three contributions. First, I develop a theory of banking behavior that accounts for competition and monetary policy. I empirically test the theory and show that banking concentration dampens the impact of monetary policy on lending activity in the short-run. My second contribution involves building a theoretical model with these short-run lending effects incorporated into an endogenous growth model that allows agents, banks, and the central bank to interact. This model shows how short-run lending is tied to growth. Again, monetary policy is less effective in markets with higher concentration. The last contribution is made by empirically testing the second contribution. The empirical findings are consistent with both the first and second contributions; banking markets with less competition adversely affect growth and also diminish the long-run impact of monetary policy. / Committee in charge: Dr. Mark Thoma, Co-Chair; Dr. Wesley Wilson, Co-Chair; Dr. Shankha Chakraborty, Member; Dr. Larry Dann, Outside Member

The thesis focuses on the competition and concentration of the Czech banking market, using the Competitive Intelligence tools to gain and maintain the competitive advantage. Assessment of the domestic banking market concentration is based on the results of indicators, such as the concentration ratio and Herfindahl Hirschman Index. On the basis of the degree of the competition among the subjects in this segment the attention is given to the process of the Competitive Intelligence which, if implemented properly in the company structure, ensures the bank to gain and maintain the competitive advantage. Possible areas of interest are also mentioned, systematic monitoring of these areas enables the bank to take timely actions responding to changes in the competitor strategy and leading to improve relationships with clients.

El impacto de la concentración y la eficiencia en la rentabilidad bancaria es un tema ampliamente investigado a través del mundo; sin embargo, el sistema bancario peruano ha sido la excepción. El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es analizar la relevancia del paradigma estructura-conducta-desempeño (ECD) y la hipótesis de eficiencia como determinantes de la rentabilidad bancaria del Perú durante el 2010 y 2019. La metodología econométrica utilizada es el estimador MGM por la naturaleza dinámica del modelo. Los resultados sugieren que la eficiencia técnica, medida con análisis de frontera estocástica, y la eficiencia contable, calculada como un ratio financiero, tienen un efecto positivo y significativo en la rentabilidad bancaria. / Market concentration and efficiency's impact on banking profitability is a widely researched topic throughout the world; however, the Peruvian banking system has been the exception. The purpose of this research is to analyse the relevance of the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm and the efficiency hypothesis as determinants of banking profitability in Peru between 2010 and 2019. The econometric methodology applied was the GMM estimator due to the model's dynamic nature. The results suggest that technical efficiency, measured by stochastic frontier analysis, and accounting efficiency, calculated as a financial ratio, have a positive and significant effect on banking profitability. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this paper is to explain why the concentration of the banking in the country favors the leakage of deposits and inequality financial regional level, taking as case study region Northeast, having as theoretical approach to post-Keynesian regional economy. The process of banking concentration Brazilian wins strength from the creation of the Real Plan in 1994, with stabilization currency. Data collected in this study show that agglomeration bank occurred in most developed region, which is southeast of Brazil, at the expense of others. The post-Keynesian approach, in turn, explains this phenomenon through the strategy of banks that tend to generate higher volumes of loans in areas where they do better information, which translates into less uncertainty, and risk preference liquidity. Thus, the economically less dynamic regions and unstable suffer from insufficient supply of credit, which can be contributing to strengthening regional inequalities in the country. Thus, using survey data from the Central Bank of Brazil about the loans, deposits, number of agencies and estimates of public preferences for liquidity and banks' Northeast and in other Brazilian regions, carried out in this article, sought to measure the leakage of deposits and to highlight the inequalities financial gifts in these economies. As a result, the hypothesis validated using the methodology developed by the research agenda post-Keynesian, was that the increase in liquidity preference of banks in outlying regions like the Northeast favors strategies transfer of deposits that in concentrated banking systems, if translate into greater supply of credit in developed regions such as Southeast, which accounts for the leakage of deposits. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / O objetivo desta dissertação é explicar por que a concentração do sistema bancário no país favorece o vazamento de depósitos e a desigualdade financeira em nível regional, tomando como estudo de caso a região Nordeste, tendo como referencial teórico a abordagem pós-keynesiana de economia regional. O processo de concentração bancária brasileira ganha força a partir da criação do Plano Real, em 1994, com a estabilização monetária. Os dados coletados na dissertação demonstram que tal aglomeração bancária ocorreu na região mais desenvolvida, que é o sudeste brasileiro, em detrimento das demais. O approach pós-keynesiano, por sua vez, explica este fenômeno por meio da estratégia dos bancos que tendem a gerar maiores volumes de empréstimos nas regiões onde possuem melhores informações, traduzidos em menor incerteza, riscos e preferência pela liquidez. Desta forma, as regiões menos dinâmicas e economicamente instáveis sofrem com a insuficiência da oferta de crédito, o que pode contribuir para o reforço das desigualdades regionais no país. Por meio de levantamento de dados junto ao Banco Central do Brasil acerca das operações de crédito, dos depósitos, da quantidade de agências e das estimativas das preferências pela liquidez do público e dos bancos no Nordeste e nas demais regiões brasileiras, avaliadas neste trabalho, buscou-se aferir o vazamento dos depósitos e evidenciar as desigualdades financeiras presentes nestas economias. Como resultado, a hipótese validada, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida pela agenda de pesquisa pós-keynesiana, foi a de que o aumento da preferência pela liquidez dos bancos em localidades periféricas, como à região Nordeste, favorece estratégias de transferência de depósitos que, em sistemas bancários concentrados, se traduzem em maior oferta de crédito nas regiões desenvolvidas como o Sudeste, o que explica o vazamento de depósitos.

La concentración bancaría es la posición de dominio de algunos bancos que manejan el mercado cuya capacidad de contorl se extiende a un importante porcentaje de los depósitos y las colocaciones del mercado financiero en el que operan, lo que genera distorsiones en el mercado por la afectación en las tasas de interés y el acceso al crédito. Debido a la importancia que tienen las concentraciones, esta investigación busca determinar si la concentración bancaria genera o facilita el acceso al crédito y el desarrollo del entorno macroeconómico. En un primer momento, se ha explicado la diferenciación entre las concentraciones públicas o privadas, variedad que responde a sus objetivos y naturaleza de ser: mientras que las privados tienden a buscar beneficios económicos, aquellas controladas por el Estado tienden a masificar el acceso al crédito. En el segundo capítulo, se ha desarrollado cómo estos grupos de poder buscan la creación de oligopolios mediante integraciones verticales y horizontales con el fin de controlar el mercado. En el tercer capítulo, se ha profundizado en el rol que cumplen los entes reguladores como las superintendencias y los bancos de reserva para fijar parámetros que conserven la estabilidad del sistema financiero a través de normas de cumplimiento de ratios de solvencia y límites legales para las colocaciones. En el cuarto capítulo, se ha dado alcances sobre cómo las supervisoras controlan los seguros de depósitos y morosidad para asegurar la sostenibilidad de los depósitos de los ahorristas. En un quinto momento, se ha desarrollado cómo los contextos de concentración bancaria pueden o no determinar las tasas de interés del sistema financiero en el que operan. Por último, se ha explicado cómo el entorno macroeconómico influye en el sistema financiero y viceversa, las crisis financieras afectan el valor de los bonos soberanos y las tasas de interés interna. / Banking concentration is the dominant position of some banks that manage the market and whose capacity of control extends to an important percentage of the deposits and placements of the financial market in which they operate. Its participation could generate distortions in the market by affecting interest rates and access to credit. Due to the importance of concentrations, this paper requires to determine whether bank concentration generates or facilitates access to credit and the development of the macroeconomic environment. First, it has explained the differentiation between public and private concentrations, a variety that responds to their objectives and nature: while the private ones tend to seek economic benefits, those controlled by the State tend to massify access to credit. In the second section, this research has developed how these power groups seek to create oligopolies through vertical and horizontal integrations in order to control the market. In the third section, the role played by regulatory agencies such as superintendencies and reserve banks in setting parameters to maintain the stability of the financial system through solvency ratio compliance standards and legal limits on loans was discussed in greater depth. In the fourth section, it has been explained how supervisory agencies control deposit and delinquency insurance to ensure the sustainability of savers' deposits. In the fifth section, the paper has developed how banking concentration contexts may or may not determine the interest rates of the financial system in which they operate. Finally, it has been explained how the macroeconomic environment influences the financial system and vice versa, financial crises affect the value of sovereign bonds and domestic interest rates. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agnaldo Martins de Souza.pdf: 622426 bytes, checksum: a35b199f5420eb80db334a42bfbae903 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-08 / This dissertation covers the changes that occurred in the restructuring of the Brazilian bank system, its hegemony over the territory particularly the bank concentration that exists in the Southeastern Region, especially in the Sao Paulo State, with a deeper analysis of the Sao Paulo Capital City. The dissertation analyzes the technical and technological transformations that occurred in the bank sector and the offer of jobs of the Brazilian banks, pointing out the hegemony that both the Sao Paulo State and the Sao Paulo Capital City exert regarding the other Brazilian capital cities and the other Brazilian Regions - North, Northeast, Mid-West and South. It is also analyzed the evolution of the Brazilian bank system, as from the year 2000 up to 2008, with the purpose of understanding the process of national coverage of the bank branches over the whole Brazilian territory, in addition to the corresponding non-banking services, customer services through the Internet and the mobile phone, the dismissals that occurred in the sector, in addition to the modernization of the banks with the implementation of the new technologies that are focused on the bank sector, as well as the new trends that have to do with the implementation of new technologies and services in the banks. The dissertation covers the restructuring process of the National Financial System, the new approaches for management and the bank restructuring, and the impacts that the aforementioned set of factors caused over the possibility of keeping jobs for bank employees in Brazil. The analysis will make clear the hegemony that the banks exert over some of the capital that circulates in the country as well as the control that the bank sector exerts over the performance of the non-banking activities regarding companies that are leaders in the national market / Esta dissertação aborda as mudanças ocorridas na reestruturação do sistema bancário brasileiro, a sua superioridade sobre o território em especial a concentração bancária existente na região Sudeste, especialmente no estado de São Paulo, fazendo um recorte da capital paulistana. Analisando as transformações técnicas e tecnológicas ocorridas no setor bancário e a empregabilidade nos bancos brasileiros, destacando a hegemonia que tanto o Estado de São Paulo como a cidade de São Paulo exercem em relação às demais capitais brasileiras e as regiões , Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Sul. Serão analisadas também a evolução do sistema bancário brasileiro desde o ano de 2000, até 2008 com o propósito de entender o processo de desterritorialização das agências bancárias pelo território brasileiro, além dos correspondentes não bancários, atendimento via internet, celular, as demissões ocorridas no setor, além da modernização dos bancos com a implantação das novas tecnologias voltadas para o setor bancário, bem como as novas tendências no que diz respeito à implantação novas tecnologias e serviços nos bancos. Abordará os processos de reestruturação do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, as novas formas de gestão e reestruturação bancária, e os impactos que esse conjunto de fatores causou na empregabilidade dos bancários no Brasil. Na análise será evidenciada a hegemonia que os bancos exercem sobre parte do capital que circula no país, bem como o controle que o setor bancário impõe na atuação das atividades não bancárias junto a empresas líderes no mercado nacional

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