Ciliwung Watershed is the most developed area in Indonesia. However, development needs have caused overexploitation of the available resources, which have eventually caused deterioration of the environment of this watershed, and caused several areas to be more prone to natural hazards. This study develops certain Geographic Information System models to identify the physical-environmental characteristics of the watershed, in an attempt to avoid further improper resources utilization. These models yield the soil erosion critical areas, landslide potential areas, the spread of sea water intrusion, land subsidence potential areas, surface runoff characteristic, natural hazards prone areas, and groundwater recharge area.Based on these yielded characteristics, the general physical capability of this watershed can be delineated, which consists of five capability zones : Zone I, the flood prone area that also occupies by seawater intrusion and potential land subsidence areas; Zone II, the area that is affected by excessive groundwater withdrawal, which has sea water intrusion areas and prone to land subsidence; Zone III, the groundwater recharge area for Jakarta Plain; Zone IV, the most capable area for physical development; and Zone V, upper part of the watershed which has landslide potential areas, soil erosion critical areas, and volcanic eruption prone areas. / Department of Natural Resources

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Sci. éduc.--Lyon 2, 2001. Titre de soutenance : Le plan éducatif fondateur de la Société du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus et ses formes actuelles. / Bibliogr. p. 217-220.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 420-450).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 420-450).

The principal aim of the study which was conducted between May 1995 and May 1997 was to collect and analyze information that would be considered vital to any future management actions that may be applied to the deer living in the wild in the Bali Barat National Park ecosystem in Indonesia. The systems approach used sought to analyze the complex interactions between the soil, plant, animal and human activity subsystems. In particular, interaction between Rusa deer and Muntjac deer was compared where possible, although the principal focus of the study was on the population of Muntjac deer. The soils in habitats frequented by deer in Bali Barat National Park were found to be of relatively low fertility status. Chemical analysis of the soil revealed that all of the mineral element contents considered in this study were in the lowest range for soils, in general. During this study the population of Muntjac deer in the Bali Barat National Park was submitted to phylogenetic analysis to determine whether the Bali population is distinct. Preliminary results indicate that these deer are apart of a diverse, but monophyletic group of Muntiacus Muntjac. The potential unique status of Muntjac deer in Bali Barat National Park, and the need to preserve them as part of the natural resource base that constitutes the Indonesian archipelago increased the importance of this study of the ecosystem and social system surrounding Bali Barat National Park. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Minangkabau is an Austronesian, Indonesian-type language spoken in West Sumatra by approximately seven million speakers. Despite its large number of speakers and the spread of Minangkabau people throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, Minangkabau remains under-described when compared to other Indonesian-type languages like Javanese. This study seeks to improve current understanding about Minangkabau by describing its system of voice alternations and verb morphology. This study presents a novel analysis of the forms and functions of voice marking in Minangkabau, incorporating naturalistic data into the analysis as well as taking the findings of recent typological and theoretical studies of Austronesian languages into consideration. The study makes use of naturalistic, conversational and narrative data from a database maintained by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Field Station in Padang. The study also makes use of elicited data collected in Perth and during fieldwork in Padang. Naturalistic and more formal, elicited Minangkabau data reveals different kinds of linguistic patterns, therefore this study makes a distinction between Colloquial Minangkabau and Standard Minangkabau. The study concludes that Minangkabau has a pragmatically motivated voice system encoded by the alternation between active voice, passive voice and the pasif semu construction. In addition, the study concludes that Minangkabau also has a conceptually motivated voice system that is encoded by a series of semantic and lexical/derivational affixes (ta-, pa-, and ba-) which show how the action originates and develops. The Minangkabau applicatives -an and -i are for the most part valency changing devices but operate within both the pragmatic and conceptual domains of Minangkabau voice. The active voice marker maN- also operates in both pragmatic and conceptual domains whereas the use of the passive voice marker di- is primarily motivated by pragmatic and syntactic factors. This analysis is supported by the finding that di- is a morphosyntactic clitic whereas the conceptual voice markers are affixes and have mainly lexico-semantic properties.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

No description available.