Programm--Königliches Gymnasium in Conitz, 1875-76. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Dis.--Berlin. / Lebenslauf.

Inaug.-diss.--Berlin. / Lebenslauf.

Inaug.-Diss.--Breslau. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 5-7.

Inaug.-diss.--Rostock. / Lebenslauf. Litteratur-verzeichnis: p. [50]-53.

This dissertation examines how the Battle of Hong Kong’s negative legacy has developed in Canada. By using the concept of “zombie myths,” which was first introduced in Zombie Myths of Australian Military History, this study will examine how many individuals, including historians, journalists, and authors, contributed to these myths’ creation and propagation for starting from the Second World War and continuing today. The study draws its conclusions from official texts and histories, personal recollections, newspaper articles, popular historical works, and academic monographs and articles, all relating to the battle. This thesis is separated into two halves. The first part of the study focuses on the history of the battle by exploring several myths that surround it. One of the most contentious myths concerns why the Canadian troops were sent to the colony in the first place. The relationship between the British and Canadian armies from 1914 to 1941 plus the defence planning of Hong Kong from 1841 to 1941, are two crucial elements that will be analyzed in order to vital context about the Canadian reinforcement. The selection of the units of “C” Force and their training are subject to many myths that seek to present the Canadian units as untrained. These will be dispelled through an investigation of training records. The memory of the battle itself has been influenced by overtly nationalistic myths that seek to blame the other nationalities in the garrison for the fall of the colony while simultaneously presenting one’s own national troops as the garrison’s best fighters. Canadian authors and historians are no exception to this trend. Records created by various soldiers, including British, Canadian, and Indian sources, demonstrate that the iii Canadians at Hong Kong fought just as well as the rest of the garrison. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the memory of the battle. Discussions of the Hong Kong Inquiry and the television miniseries The Valour and the Horror bookend a discussion of the factors relating to the battle’s legacy since the Second World War including the Canadian government’s treatment of the Hong Kong veterans and the lack of official recognition. This study delivers a much-needed re-examination of the battle and its legacy in Canada. By explaining and dispelling the numerous myths related to the Battle of Hong Kong, a clearer understanding of the battle’s legacy can be achieved.

Adult stonefly emergence, nymphal growth, drift and microdistribution were examined in Battle Branch, a secondorder, spring-fed stream, from November, 1982 to May, 1984. Adults of 22 species emerged successionally, with specific adults present every month. Searching emergent objects and the stream margin was best for collection of winter and early spring emerging species. Sweeping the streamside and light trapping were most efficient for late spring and summer emerging species. Nymphal growth for nine abundant species generally fit double log or semilog models. Drift was low, but did show a post-sunset pulse. Generally, leaf material was found to be significantly related (p<O.001) to density, diversity and biomass of stoneflies in Battle Branch.

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstadt were fought on October 14, 1806 between the Prusso-Saxon forces under King Frederick William III of Prussia and the French forces under Emperor Napoleon I of France. Since these famous battles, many military historians have been quick to claim that the Prusso-Saxon Army of 1806 used tactics that were too outdated and soldiers that were quite incapable of effectively taking on the French. But the Prusso-Saxon Army of 1806 has been greatly misrepresented by these historians, and a recent body of respected scholarship has indicated that the Prusso-Saxon soldiers of 1806 fought well enough and that their tactics were not so outdated. The fact that the Prusso-Saxon Army lost the campaign of 1806 is not disputed, but a fair assessment of the army is due. Using writings from a respected body of scholarship, various memoirs, and military regulations from the period, this thesis will present the Prusso-Saxon Army and the important battles of 1806 from a point of view more in line with the evidence.

The effects of simulated battle damage on the aerodynamic performance of a wing is well documented; it is known that battle damage reduces lift, increases drag and changes pitching moment. However, there is a fundamental lack of understanding when it comes to the three-dimensional flow features that create such effects. The current knowledge of the flow field is predominantly based upon interpretation of surface flow visualisation techniques coupled with force balance measurements. In this work, a more modern technique in the form of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to map the three-dimensional flow field away from the wing surface. A PIV system was designed for the Loughborough University Low Turbulence Wind Tunnel in order to gain a deeper understanding of the flow mechanisms that are produced by simulated battle damage. The system was tested for suitability and the data quality assessed. The system was found to produce high quality vector output with low levels of uncertainty, it could also be used in multiple planes and orientations to provide the flow field data required. The technique was first applied to a single battle damage hole with a diameter of 20% chord, located at the wing s mid-chord. The wing model was of realistic construction and had a cavity. This damage case had previously been shown to produce different flow features across the incidence range and was typically a survivable damage case. The hole was seen to produce a jet at incidence angles above 2°, however the characteristics of the jet were different to those predicted in previous battle damage work and in jets in cross-flow research. The velocity ratio was very low peaking at around 0.25 at 8° incidence, much lower than the surface flow features and jet in cross-flow literature would suggest. No characteristic counter-rotating vortex pair was found in the jet due to the presence of a wing cavity and low velocity ratio. It is suggested that the wing's adverse pressure gradient has a magnified effect on the wake and is responsible for the increase in wake size at higher incidence angles, something previously thought to be due to increasing velocity ratio. A larger hole of 40% chord located at mid-chord, along with a straight through damage hole with no cavity, have been tested to isolate and highlight flow features to further explain the flow mechanics. Then, PIV was applied to several multiple hole damage cases to study the interaction caused by such damage. Side-by-side holes with different proximities, where the two damage holes had the same chordwise location, were studied to isolate interaction effects. It was found that at low incidence angles the force increments were double that of a single damage hole at the same chordwise location. However, as incidence angle increased above 2° the increments were less than double. This was because the wakes of the two damage holes were smaller than the wake of a single damage hole. From a purely aerodynamic point of view, it was seen that having two holes close together interacting was favorable compared with having two holes far apart with no interaction. Two in-line damage holes were also tested. Once again the two holes together produced smaller increments than predicted by the summation method, i.e. summing the increments created by each single hole tested individually. The presence of two holes in-line limited the effectiveness of the forward hole and hence limited the performance losses, whereas individually the hole at the forward chord location will produce much larger effects than an equivalent hole further aft.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Exeter, 1990. / BLDSC reference no.: DX94591.