Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os balneários das cidades de Presidente Epitácio e Rosana, no estado de São Paulo, como alternativas de lazer, identificando as políticas públicas que os municípios possuem e os projetos futuros. Buscou-se conhecer o entendimento que os responsáveis das secretarias/divisões de turismo e lazer e os frequentadores desses espaços têm em relação às políticas públicas. Mesmo sendo um direito social garantido por lei, o lazer não figura entre as prioridades dos nossos gestores públicos e quando aparece em seus discursos, é diminuído a apenas um de seus conteúdos, geralmente ao físico-esportivo. A metodologia utilizada foi composta pela combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, estudo de caso com coleta de dados utilizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram destinadas aos gestores responsáveis pelas secretarias/divisões de turismo e lazer e aos visitantes dos balneários estudados, resultando num total de 166 entrevistas. Além disso, foi realizada uma observação estruturada com intuito de analisar os fatores externos dos balneários, como conservação do local. Como resultados, identificou-se a dificuldade sobre o entendimento do lazer pelos gestores. Eles configuram o lazer em seu departamento como a agenda de eventos do município e, por consequência, denominam essa agenda como sua política de lazer. Constatamos também que os visitantes dos balneários não percebem a presença física, constante, do poder público municipal, não tendo eficácia a fiscalização das regras estabelecidas pela Prefeitura. Apesar de os balneários possuírem potencial para todo o Oeste paulista, a maioria do público que frequenta os balneários é residente da cidade local. Desta forma, desafios são lançados para as Prefeituras Municipais alcançarem novas fronteiras, como por exemplo, novas parcerias por meio da intersetorialidade; outros métodos de publicidade que atinjam, em especial, as cidades vizinhas; e estabelecer políticas públicas de lazer para além da agenda de eventos / This study aimed to analyze the beaches of Epitacio and Rosana cities in the state of São Paulo as leisure alternatives, identifying its public policies and future projects. It was sought to know how the tourism and leisure department managers and visitors to those spaces understand the local public policies. Even though it is a social right guaranteed by law, leisure is not included among the list of our public managers and when it appears in their speeches, it is reduced to only one of its contents, usually to the physical-sport. The methodology was formed by bibliographical, documentary and empirical research, a case study with data collection, and semi-structured interviews applied to the managers of the tourism and leisure departments and to visitors to the beaches studied, resulting in a total of 166 interviews. In addition, a structured observation was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the external factors of the bathing places, such as site conservation. The results identify a difficulty about the understanding of leisure by managers. They set up leisure in their department as a calendar of events of the municipality, and consequently, they call this agenda as their leisure policy. We also noticed that the visitors to the bathing places do not perceive the physical presence of the municipal public power as constant, which implies the inefficacy of an inspection of the local rules. Although the beaches have potential for the whole of the West of São Paulo, most people who visit the bathing places live in the local city. In this way, challenges are launched for municipalities to reach new frontiers, such as new partnerships through intersectorality; other advertising methods which attack, in particular, neighboring towns; and establish public leisure policies beyond the agenda of events

With congressional passage of the BEACH Act in October of 2000, Coastal and Great Lakes states were mandated to assess coastal recreation waters for the application of ambient water quality standards. This research encompasses two components involved in applying the BEACH Act statues to Oregon. The first component was to select beach sites in Oregon. The second component involves applying bacterial recreational water standards to select Oregon beaches. Using the guidelines provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this study develops a method to appraise Oregon marine recreational waters taking into account the following factors: use, available information, pollution threats, sanitary surveys, monitoring data, exposure considerations, economics, and development. In an effort to protect the public from swimming-associated illness attributable to microbial pollution, 24 beaches were identified in Oregon. Of these, 19 beaches were classified as tier 1, or high priority, and five sites were classified as medium priority, or tier 2. Future studies should be directed at ascertaining the beach lengths utilized by Oregon marine recreators since this is an important parameter in targeting bacterial monitoring. Ongoing monitoring of these 24 sites is warranted and new information could be used to update beach tier levels in Oregon. In the second phase of this study, bacterial monitoring data was used for comparison to recreational water quality standards. In October of 2002, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) sampled 26 beaches for enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli) densities. Of the water sampled from all 26 beach sites, nine exceeded s single sample maximum density of 104 enterococci colony forming units (cfu) per 100 milliLiters (mL). The Oregon beach with the highest exceedance occurred at Otter Rock's South Cove where the enterococci concentration was 4352 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL. A comparison of the 26 sampled beaches to ODEQ's estuarine E. coli standard of 406 organisms/100 mL resulted in two beaches with exceedances. Otter Rock at South Cove had the highest E. coli concentration at 1850 MPN/100 mL. Based on the limited data used in this study, should Oregon adopt the enterococci standard in lieu of the current ODEQ estuarine E. coli standard, more beaches will have exceedances of the recreational water standard. Additional bacterial monitoring is warranted to further characterize the nature and extent of the problem in Oregon. To protect the health of the marine recreating public, future Oregon marine water quality studies should delineate the "no swim" zone around creeks and model the impacts of rainfall on beach sites. / Graduation date: 2004

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Thesis (M. A.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998. / Bibliography: leaves 271-279.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Devido a sua grande extensão latitudinal, a costa brasileira é influenciada por diferentes regimes climáticos e oceanográficos. Adicionalmente, a distribuição da população brasileira é caracterizada por uma alta concentração nas capitais litorâneas. Todos esses fatores levam à construção de inúmeras estruturas de engenharia que podem de alguma forma impactar o transporte de sedimento e consequentemente o balanço sedimentar de algumas praias. Uma das formas mais eficientes de recuperar esse balanço sedimentar é a alimentação artificial de praias, com sedimentos provenientes da plataforma continental com características semelhantes. Os métodos geofísicos acústicos permitem mapear de forma eficiente o fundo e o subfundo marinho para a busca de áreas fontes para a lavra de forma eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo é a identificação de padrões geoacústicos a partir de analises quantitativas e qualitativas, para a caracterização de áreas fontes de areias siliciclásticas compatíveis com sedimentos de praias em erosão na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O mapeamento foi realizado na plataforma continental interna do Rio de Janeiro, em área adjacente à praia de Itaipuaçu (Maricá, RJ). As análises evidenciaram depósitos, localizados entre 19 e 30 metros, de areias com granulometria, textura e selecionamento em condições ideias para a recomposição de praias do Rio de Janeiro. / The Brazilian coast is afected by different oceanographic characteristics, mainly due to its large latitudinal extention. Additionally, the distribution of the Brazilian population is characterized by a high concentration in the coastal capital. These facts generate a large number of coastal engineering structures that may impact the sediment transport and consequently the sediment balance in some beaches. All these factors impact some sand beaches and the best choice for its mitigation and recovering is the beach nourishment - with sediments from the continental shelf with similar characteristics. However to find a good place for dredging in the shelf, we need to use geophysical methods that allow to map the bottom and sub bottom environments more efficiently. The objective of this study is the identification of geoacoustics patterns, following qualitative and quantitative analyzes, for characterizing source areas of siliciclastic sands in ideal conditions for recovering eroded beaches in Rio de Janeiro. The mapping was done in the shelf in front of Itaipuaçu beach (Maricá, RJ). The quantitative results showed well sorted median sand placers seaward of the closure depth, located between 19 and 30 meters, ideal for Rios beaches recovering.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os balneários das cidades de Presidente Epitácio e Rosana, no estado de São Paulo, como alternativas de lazer, identificando as políticas públicas que os municípios possuem e os projetos futuros. Buscou-se conhecer o entendimento que os responsáveis das secretarias/divisões de turismo e lazer e os frequentadores desses espaços têm em relação às políticas públicas. Mesmo sendo um direito social garantido por lei, o lazer não figura entre as prioridades dos nossos gestores públicos e quando aparece em seus discursos, é diminuído a apenas um de seus conteúdos, geralmente ao físico-esportivo. A metodologia utilizada foi composta pela combinação de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, estudo de caso com coleta de dados utilizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram destinadas aos gestores responsáveis pelas secretarias/divisões de turismo e lazer e aos visitantes dos balneários estudados, resultando num total de 166 entrevistas. Além disso, foi realizada uma observação estruturada com intuito de analisar os fatores externos dos balneários, como conservação do local. Como resultados, identificou-se a dificuldade sobre o entendimento do lazer pelos gestores. Eles configuram o lazer em seu departamento como a agenda de eventos do município e, por consequência, denominam essa agenda como sua política de lazer. Constatamos também que os visitantes dos balneários não percebem a presença física, constante, do poder público municipal, não tendo eficácia a fiscalização das regras estabelecidas pela Prefeitura. Apesar de os balneários possuírem potencial para todo o Oeste paulista, a maioria do público que frequenta os balneários é residente da cidade local. Desta forma, desafios são lançados para as Prefeituras Municipais alcançarem novas fronteiras, como por exemplo, novas parcerias por meio da intersetorialidade; outros métodos de publicidade que atinjam, em especial, as cidades vizinhas; e estabelecer políticas públicas de lazer para além da agenda de eventos / This study aimed to analyze the beaches of Epitacio and Rosana cities in the state of São Paulo as leisure alternatives, identifying its public policies and future projects. It was sought to know how the tourism and leisure department managers and visitors to those spaces understand the local public policies. Even though it is a social right guaranteed by law, leisure is not included among the list of our public managers and when it appears in their speeches, it is reduced to only one of its contents, usually to the physical-sport. The methodology was formed by bibliographical, documentary and empirical research, a case study with data collection, and semi-structured interviews applied to the managers of the tourism and leisure departments and to visitors to the beaches studied, resulting in a total of 166 interviews. In addition, a structured observation was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the external factors of the bathing places, such as site conservation. The results identify a difficulty about the understanding of leisure by managers. They set up leisure in their department as a calendar of events of the municipality, and consequently, they call this agenda as their leisure policy. We also noticed that the visitors to the bathing places do not perceive the physical presence of the municipal public power as constant, which implies the inefficacy of an inspection of the local rules. Although the beaches have potential for the whole of the West of São Paulo, most people who visit the bathing places live in the local city. In this way, challenges are launched for municipalities to reach new frontiers, such as new partnerships through intersectorality; other advertising methods which attack, in particular, neighboring towns; and establish public leisure policies beyond the agenda of events

O lixo marinho é um problema discutido desde a década de 1970, quando cientistas começaram a observar e quantificar materiais diversos nos mares e costas de alguns países, como por exemplo os plásticos. Nessa categoria se encontram os pellets de plástico, que constituem a matéria-prima de base para a produção da indústria mundial de insumos plásticos. Desde então o tema é tratado entre as formas de poluição marinha e costeira mais observadas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no litoral do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), na qual se avaliou a presença de pellets e os mecanismos de sua distribuição, realizada em duas etapas: a primeira, em 55 praias de 15 municípios entre o Litoral Norte, a Baixada Santista e o Litoral Sul. A segunda, em 9 praias da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista. Pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, trabalhos de campo e de laboratório formaram as etapas da investigação, para a qual foram usados métodos de amostragem. Os resultados obtidos levaram à conclusão da maior concentração de pellets nas praias próximas às áreas consideradas pelo estudo como fontes emissoras do material no mar, como as zonas portuárias / industriais de São Sebastião, Santos e a de Paranaguá (Paraná). Ao longo das praias, foi constatado que os eventos extremos de ressacas / marés meteorológicas são os principais responsáveis pela distribuição dos pellets de plástico nas praias. A principal contribuição do trabalho foi a inclusão da temática da poluição costeira nos estudos de Geografia do Litoral, uma demanda desafiadora para a Geografia brasileira. / Marine debris is an issue discussed since the 1970s, when scientists began to observe and quantify different materials in the seas and coastlines of some countries, such as plastics. In this category are the plastic pellets, which are the basic raw material for the production of plastics industry worldwide inputs. Since then the issue is treated between forms of marine pollution and more coastal observed. The research was conducted in the São Paulo state coast (Brazil), in which it evaluated the presence of pellets and the mechanisms of its distribution, carried out in two stages: the first, on 55 beaches in 15 municipalities across the North Coast, the Baixada Santista and the South Coast. The second, on 9 beaches of Baixada Santista. Bibliographical research, documental, field work and laboratory formed the stages of the investigation, for which sampling methods were used. The results led to the conclusion of the higher concentration of pellets at the nearby beaches to areas considered by the study as sources emitting material at sea, such as port / industrial areas of São Sebastião, Santos and Paranaguá (Paraná). Along the beaches, it was found that extreme storm surge events are mainly responsible for the distribution of plastic pellets on beaches. The main contribution of this study was the inclusion of the issue of coastal pollution in the studies of Geography of the Coastline, a challenging demand for Brazilian Geography.

Coastal habitats are highly dynamic and vulnerable to landscape-level disturbances such as storms and restoration projects. Along the east coast of Florida these areas are particularly valuable as they provide significant nesting habitat for two sea turtle species, the threatened loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This coast was heavily impacted by three major hurricanes in 2004 and in some areas by large restoration projects in 2005. Recent remote sensing methods allow for broad evaluation of the shoreline and thus the ability to assess sea turtle nesting habitat at a landscape scale. I collected nesting data for southern Brevard County, Florida from 1989 – 2005 and for Canaveral National Seashore, Florida from 1995 – 2005. I used LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and IfSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) remote sensing to map sea turtle nesting habitat in both areas following the 2004 hurricanes and any subsequent restoration. Canaveral National Seashore underwent no restoration while southern Brevard County received extensive restoration. Topographic variables (e.g., total sand volume, width, and slope) derived from the remote sensing data were compared across three time periods (pre-hurricane, posthurricane, and recovery period) and I compared nesting success data from 2004 to 2005. I built regression models for 2004 and 2005 to determine which topographic features influenced loggerhead and green turtle nesting the most. Green turtle nesting success declined from 2004 to 2005 only in highly restored areas while loggerhead nesting sucess declined throughout. Hurricanes caused a reduction in most of the topographic variables and restoration predominantly impacted aspects of the beach profile (e.g. slope and width). Loggerheads responded to profile characteristics (e.g. upper and lower iii beach slopes) though green turtles showed no consistent response to topography. The results indicate that both loggerheads and green turtles are sensitive to beach restoration, although loggerhead nesting is more influenced by beach morphology and green turtle nesting may be influenced more by other dune features such as vegetation cover.

Here we examine seasonal grain-size trends on 18 beaches in the Northeastern US and dispersed along the post-glacial coast of Massachusetts (USA) in order to explore the mechanisms influencing median grain size and slope. Over 800 grain size samples were collected along 200 summer and winter cross-shore beach elevation surveys. Obtained grain size and beach slope data are compared to coastal morphology, sediment source, wave height, and tidal magnitude in order to ascertain controls on beach characteristics. In general, median grain size increases with intertidal beach slope in the study region. However, grain sizes along post-glaciated beaches in the study are as much as an order of magnitude coarser for the same beach slopes when compared to beaches for other regions of the US. Grain size and slope for beaches in the northeastern US also exhibit less correlation with oceanographic processes (i.e. wave climate and tidal magnitude). Instead, grain size trends are primarily driven by the composition of nearby glacial deposits that serve as the primary source of sediment to beaches in the study region. Results provide quantitative support for the distribution and composition of legacy glacial deposits rather than oceanographic conditions serving as the predominant governor of beach grain size along post-glaciated coastlines of the Atlantic continental margin.

In April of 1990 the Sebastian Inlet Tax District received a long-term (25 year) permit to conduct maintenance dredging of the navigation channel at Sebastian Inlet, Florida. Approximately 105,150 cubic meters of sediment will be removed every two years and pumped to a feeder beach immediately south of the inlet. The renourished beach, a high density nesting beach for loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles, is within the proposed Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge and will play a critical role in the long-term maintenance of Sebastian Inlet as a navigable waterway. A turtle monitoring program was implemented by the District at the request of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The monitoring program was designed to investigate nesting behavior, reproductive success and physical characteristics of the nesting habitat on the renourished beach at Sebastian Inlet and on a control beach (Wabasso Beach). Daily nesting surveys were conducted to record all sea turtle nests and non-nesting emergences in each study area. All nests were marked, monitored throughout incubation and inventoried to determine hatching and emergence success. Data on physical parameters were collected in monthly profiles of each beach. Compaction values were recorded with a cone penetrometer along transects from the dune to mean high water line. Temperature of the ambient beach was recorded at 30 and 60-cm depths along two transects from the dune to mean high water line. Moisture and sand grain analysis were conducted monthly in 1991. Sea turtle nesting and hatching success were similar on the renourished and control beaches in 1990 and 1991, suggesting that renourishment had no adverse effect on sea turtle reproductive success. Nesting success on the renourished and control beaches, respectively, was 42.0% (N = 104) and 45.0% (N = 65) in 1990, and 62.9% (N = 165) and 62.4% (N = 118) in 1991. Hatching success on the renourished and control beaches, respectively, was 80.7% (N = 85) and 79.3% (N = 59) in 1990, and 69.1% (N = 118) and 66.7% (N = 102) in 1991. Compaction values averaged 500 PSI on the renourished beach, while values on the control were approximately 250 PSI. The higher level of compaction on the renourished beach resulted in a lack of complete nest covering, and aberrant nest chamber configurations on the renourished beach. Grain size and moisture content were similar on the renourished and control beaches. Compaction levels were not related to incompatible fill, implying that the manner in which the material was deposited resulted in the increased compaction. Beach temperatures measured at 30-cm and 60-cm depths indicated that the renourished beach was consistently 0.5°C warmer than the control beach. If the physical parameters of a subsequent renourishment project are within the findings of 1990 and 1991, there should be no adverse effect on sea turtle nesting and hatching success. The results of this project cannot be applied to other beach renourishment projects however, but should be restricted to future dredging projects at Sebastian Inlet. Although the results are not applicable to other locations, the methodologies developed to study the effects of renourishment on sea turtles could be applied to other beach renourishment situations. Future research should focus on how the physical parameters of a renourished beach affect the micro-environment within the actual nest chamber and embryonic development. / Master of Science