<p>This thesis constrains the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality and heterogeneity evolution pathways in relation to depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy (systems tracts and key sequence stratigraphic surfaces) of four selected paralic and shallow marine siliciclastic successions. </p><p>Typical eogenetic alterations encountered include the dissolution and kaolinitization of framework silicates, which are closely associated to shoreface facies of forced regressive systems tract (FRWST), lowstand systems tract (LST), upper part of the highstand systems tract (HST), and below the sequence boundary (SB). These alterations are attributed to incursion of meteoric water owing to rapid and considerable fall in the relative sea level. Extensive carbonate cementation is most evident below marine and maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), whereas dissolution of carbonate cement and detrital dolomite occur in LST, HST and below SB. Parameters controlling the patterns and texture (microcrystalline vs. poikilotopic) of calcite cement have been constrained within sequence stratigraphic framework of the sandstones. Coarse crystalline to poikilotopic calcite textures of meteoric water origin are thus closely linked to the FRWST, LST and upper part of the HST sandstones and occur mainly as stratabound concretions, whereas microcrystalline calcite, which was precipitated from marine porewaters, occurs as continuously cemented layers in the transgressive systems tract (TST) and lower part of the HST sandstones.</p><p>Eogenetic alterations impose, in turn, profound control on the distribution pattern of mesogenetic alterations, and hence on reservoir quality evolution (destruction vs. preservation) pathways of sandstones. Eogenetic infiltrated clays, which occur in the tidal estuarine TST and HST sandstones, have helped preserving porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs (≈ 5 km) through inhibition of extensive cementation by quartz overgrowths. Other essential findings of this thesis include deciphering the control on the formation of authigenic illite and chlorite by ultra-thin (≤ 1 µm thick), grain-coating clay mineral substrate. </p>

This thesis constrains the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality and heterogeneity evolution pathways in relation to depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy (systems tracts and key sequence stratigraphic surfaces) of four selected paralic and shallow marine siliciclastic successions. Typical eogenetic alterations encountered include the dissolution and kaolinitization of framework silicates, which are closely associated to shoreface facies of forced regressive systems tract (FRWST), lowstand systems tract (LST), upper part of the highstand systems tract (HST), and below the sequence boundary (SB). These alterations are attributed to incursion of meteoric water owing to rapid and considerable fall in the relative sea level. Extensive carbonate cementation is most evident below marine and maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), whereas dissolution of carbonate cement and detrital dolomite occur in LST, HST and below SB. Parameters controlling the patterns and texture (microcrystalline vs. poikilotopic) of calcite cement have been constrained within sequence stratigraphic framework of the sandstones. Coarse crystalline to poikilotopic calcite textures of meteoric water origin are thus closely linked to the FRWST, LST and upper part of the HST sandstones and occur mainly as stratabound concretions, whereas microcrystalline calcite, which was precipitated from marine porewaters, occurs as continuously cemented layers in the transgressive systems tract (TST) and lower part of the HST sandstones. Eogenetic alterations impose, in turn, profound control on the distribution pattern of mesogenetic alterations, and hence on reservoir quality evolution (destruction vs. preservation) pathways of sandstones. Eogenetic infiltrated clays, which occur in the tidal estuarine TST and HST sandstones, have helped preserving porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs (≈ 5 km) through inhibition of extensive cementation by quartz overgrowths. Other essential findings of this thesis include deciphering the control on the formation of authigenic illite and chlorite by ultra-thin (≤ 1 µm thick), grain-coating clay mineral substrate.

A study of the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution in four deep-water turbidite successions (Cretaceous to Eocene) from basins in active (foreland) and passive margins revealed the impact of tectonic setting, depositional facies, and changes in the relative sea level. Diagenetic modifications encountered in the turbiditic sandstones from the passive margin basins include dissolution and kaolinitization (kaolin has δ18OV-SMOW = +13.3‰ to +15.2‰; δDV-SMOW = -96.6‰ to -79.6‰) of framework silicates, formation of grain coating chloritic and illitic clays, cementation by carbonates and quartz, as well as the mechanical and chemical compaction of detrital quartz. Kaolinitization, which is most extensive in the lowstand systems tracts, is attributed to meteoric-water flux during major fall in the relative sea level. Preservation of porosity and permeability in sandstones from the passive margin basins (up to 30% and 1 Darcy, respectively) is attributed to the presence of abundant rigid quartz and feldspar grains and to dissolution of carbonate cement as well as mica and feldspars. Diagenetic modifications in turbidites from the foreland basins include carbonate cementation and mechanical compaction of the abundant ductile rock fragments, which were derived from fold-thrust belts. These diagenetic alterations resulted in nearly total elimination of depositional porosity and permeability. The wide range of δ13CV−PDB values of these cements (about -18‰ to +22‰) in passive margin basins is attributed to input of dissolved carbon from various processes of organic matter alterations, including microbial methanogenesis and thermal decarboxylation of kerogen. The narrower range of δ13CV−PDB values of these cements (about -2‰ to +7‰) in the foreland basins suggests the importance of carbon derivation from the dissolution of carbonate grains. The generally wide range of δ18O values (about -17‰ to -1‰) of the carbonate cements reflect the impact of oxygen isotopic composition of the various fluid involved (including marine depositional waters, fluxed meteoric waters, evolved formation waters) and the wide ranges of precipitation temperatures. Results of this study are anticipated to have important implication for hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water turbidites from passive and active margin basins and for pre-drilling assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of reservoir quality in such deposits.

Under en berggrundsgeologisk fältkurs år 2007 påträffandes spodumenförande granitpegmatitblock i området kring Bergby-Hamrånge, denna händelse markerade starten på det prospekteringsarbete efter Litium-Cesium-Tantal-pegmatiter som sedan skedde i området. Allteftersom prospekteringsarbetet fortlöpt i området har det framkommit allt fler indikationer på att den rådande berggrundskartans (SGU:s karta Ai 28) geologiska gränsdragningar kan uppdateras och justeras. Den borrdata som samlats in i samband med prospekteringsarbetet har sammanställts och sedan använts i Seequents programvara Leapfrog Geo för att skapa 3D-modeller över områdets LCT- och granitpegmatiter samt berggrund.Modelleringen av berggrunden med tillhörande geologiska enheters gränser och påverkan av lokala deformationszoner har varit begränsad till de områden där prospektering genomförts och har lett fram till slutsatsen att den nuvarande kartan till viss del kan uppdateras. LCT-pegmatiternas geografiska utbredning har tillfogats till den geologiska modellen och kan adderas till berggrundskartans omtolkningar då denna tidigare saknade granitpegmatiter. Avslutningsvis har uppsatsen bidragit med att ge en ökad förståelse av den lokala geologin inom Bergby-Hamrånge. / During a bedrock geology field course in 2007, spodumene-bearing granite pegmatite blocks were encountered in the area around Bergby-Hamrånge, this event marked the start of the exploration work for Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum pegmatites that then took place in the area. As exploration work has continued in the area, more and more indications have emerged that the geological boundaries of the current bedrock map (SGU's map Ai 28) can be updated and adjusted. The drill data collected in connection with the exploration work has been compiled and then used in Seequent's Leapfrog Geo software to create 3D models of the area's LCT and granite pegmatites and bedrock. The modeling of the bedrock with associated geological unit boundaries and the influence of local deformation zones has been limited to the areas where exploration has been carried out and has led to the conclusion that the current map can be updated to some extent. The geographical distribution of the LCT pegmatites has been added to the geological model and can be added to the reinterpretations of the bedrock map as it previously lacked granite pegmatites. In conclusion, the essay has contributed to an increased understanding of the local geology within Bergby-Hamrånge.

No Abstract Provided / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)