Beer Game developed by Slaon School of Management didn¡¦t add price variable into the game. It¡¦s reasons were : (1) As long as there is time delay, it will induce dynamic complexity. (2) If there is price variable, maybe we can¡¦t observe patterns and structure. In the research, we try to add price variable into Beer Game to verify the statement made by Slaon School of Management. Besides, we can explore whether it will influence players¡¦ decisions or not. The learning effects are also we concern about. After a few experiment, althought bullwhip effect is still existing, it¡¦s not much apparent then before. Besides, players are affected by price variables. From discussions after the game, we can find players lack systems thinking, they have misperceptions of feedback and get used to put blame on others. Those learning effects are the same as traditional beer game induced. However, beer game with price variable can conclude many behaviors made by players. To contrast with the panic buying and stock conditions, such as respirators panic buying in 2003, toilet paper price rise caused by pulp cost increased in 2004, players can simulate the real world throuth playing the game. They can reflect and learn, then bring this experience into real life.

Tato práce se zabývá manažerskou hrou, vzniklou na poli systémové dynamiky, Beer game. Ústředním tématem práce je analýza on-line simulátorů Beer Game a zhodnocení jejich přínosu pro manažerskou praxi. Hra je také zasazena do patřičného metodologického kontextu, jsou zmíněny hlavní milníky jejího více než padesátiletého vývoje a detailně popsány principy a pravidla její současné verze. Práce se dále zabývá problematickými jevy, na které Beer Game poukazuje a nabízí možnosti jejich řešení.

The paper examines the behavior of the supply chain through a system dynamic model. The theoretical part presents system dynamics, the Beer game and the simulation environment in which the model was created. In the practical part, the response of five surveyed decision-making order rules on the 4 patterns of demand is analyzed.

Empresas em cadeias de suprimentos têm como objetivo maximizar suas produtividades, e consequentemente seus lucros. Uma maneira de estudar o comportamento destas cadeias é simulá-las utilizando uma abordagem multi-agentes. Neste trabalho, adicionamos múltiplos agentes nos níveis de um modelo amplamente adotado na literatura, denominado Beer Game, para avaliar a eficiência local e global dos fornecedores. Para tal, utilizamos perfis distintos baseados em confiança ou em preço. Medimos o impacto de usar tais políticas de seleção no capital acumulado pelos agentes, e concluímos que as parcerias baseadas em confiança são recomendáveis em cenários com ampla disseminação de informações verdadeiras, enquanto que as baseadas em lucro são mais vantajosas em cenários marcados por pouca comunicação ou pelo espalhamento de informações falsas. / Companies in supply chains have the objective of maximizing their productivities, and consequently their profits. A way of to study the behavior of these chains is to simulate them using a multi-agent-based approach. In this work, we added multiple agents at the levels of a widely adopted model in the literature, called Beer Game, to evaluate the local and global performance of suppliers. To do this, we use distinct profiles based on trust or price. We measure the impact of using such selection policies on the agents\' profit, and we could conclude that trust-based partnerships are recommended in scenarios with wide dissemination of true information, while profit-based partnerships are most advantageous in scenarios marked by poor communication or spreading false information.

Empresas em cadeias de suprimentos têm como objetivo maximizar suas produtividades, e consequentemente seus lucros. Uma maneira de estudar o comportamento destas cadeias é simulá-las utilizando uma abordagem multi-agentes. Neste trabalho, adicionamos múltiplos agentes nos níveis de um modelo amplamente adotado na literatura, denominado Beer Game, para avaliar a eficiência local e global dos fornecedores. Para tal, utilizamos perfis distintos baseados em confiança ou em preço. Medimos o impacto de usar tais políticas de seleção no capital acumulado pelos agentes, e concluímos que as parcerias baseadas em confiança são recomendáveis em cenários com ampla disseminação de informações verdadeiras, enquanto que as baseadas em lucro são mais vantajosas em cenários marcados por pouca comunicação ou pelo espalhamento de informações falsas. / Companies in supply chains have the objective of maximizing their productivities, and consequently their profits. A way of to study the behavior of these chains is to simulate them using a multi-agent-based approach. In this work, we added multiple agents at the levels of a widely adopted model in the literature, called Beer Game, to evaluate the local and global performance of suppliers. To do this, we use distinct profiles based on trust or price. We measure the impact of using such selection policies on the agents\' profit, and we could conclude that trust-based partnerships are recommended in scenarios with wide dissemination of true information, while profit-based partnerships are most advantageous in scenarios marked by poor communication or spreading false information.

Práce se zabývá empirickým ověřením platnosti efektu biče u reálného dodavatelského řetězce. Zároveň na reálných datech ukazuje rozdíl mezi optimalizací zásob každého dílčího článku řetězce a optimalizací zásob podél celého řetězce. Součástí práce je vytvořená učební pomůcka pro ukázku optimalizace zásob (model EOQ) a Pivní hra pro demonstraci platnosti efektu biče.

The purpose of this thesis is to model the effects of anti-price gouging (APG) legislation on the costs to businesses during the recovery period of a disaster. A system dynamics model of a business’s replenishment procedures is used to simulate the effects of APG legislation on business performance. Economists have published expansive research on the effects of price ceilings on supply and demand, but there is little research evidence on the operational consequences of price ceiling legislation on business costs. APG legislation increases consumer’s forward buying and shortage gaming after a disaster by removing price incentives to be frugal. Forward buying and shortage gaming are two key drivers of the demand variation and the bullwhip effect, which leads to increased inventory costs, misguided capacity expansion and reduced service levels. These costs have a negative impact on local businesses that are critical to a community’s economic health and recovery from a disaster. The simulation results from this thesis show that APG legislation is not an effective regulatory response to decrease the impact of disasters on affected communities.

Goal and incentive alignment are a means of establishing collaborative behavior in supply chains. Essay 1 examines goal and incentive alignment at the strategic level in the purchasing process. It employs survey research in conjunction with structural equation modelling to examine the source selection strategy as a means of aligning the goals of the offeror with those of the buyer. Essay 2 examines goal and incentive alignment at the tactical level. It uses discrete event simulation to explore how the pursuit of localized profit objectives affects the global profitability of a supply chain. Lastly, Essay 3 examines goal and incentive alignment at the operational level. By employing a hybrid simulation approach to model a complex product refurbishment process, this research demonstrates that evaluating subprocesses based solely on their throughput does not equate to greater cost savings for the company at the focal point of this case study. These essays contribute to the body of knowledge in several ways. To the best of the author's knowledge, Essay 1 demonstrates the first empirical linkage, in the realm of public procurement, between the fear of a bid protest and the appropriateness of the sourcing strategy. Similarly, Essay 2 represents the first adaptation of Sterman's Beer Game to a format in which the value of products increases while they travel downstream. It also stands as the first research to quantitively explore the value of supply chain cooperation as a function of relative position in a supply chain. Lastly, the methodology employed in Essay 3 answers calls for research as they pertain to the need for case studies from industry, as well as the need to preserve the ‘real-world' context in complex, industry-based problems.