Early theoretical models for the evolution of male-female pairing were based largely on studies of birds. These models assumed that biparental care of eggs and young was an essential component of pairing. However, male-female pairing is also a relatively common social system in coral-reef fishes, and biparental care of young is extremely rare in this group. Although pairing has been documented in at least 13 families of reef fish, surprisingly little is known about the environmental and social factors that may maintain heterosexual pairs as the basic social units. I tested two hypotheses for pairing in a common Caribbean fish, the cleaning goby Gobiosoma evelynae, a territorial species which inhabits living coral heads. According to the Environmental Constraints Hypothesis, pairing in G. evelynae is simply a consequence of three related environmental parameters--low male mobility, low female density, and a uniform distribution of resources required by females. On reefs off St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, I found positive size-assortative pairing, frequent male movement between territories, rapid re-pairing by both males and females after experimental removal of a partner, and random distributions of apparently suitable coral heads required by females for territory space. These patterns are inconsistent with the Environmental Constraints Hypothesis for pairing. Mate Guarding is an alternative hypothesis for pairing and is based on social interactions. This hypothesis, which states that paired gobies maintain exclusive access to their partners by expelling all potential sexual rivals, predicts sex- and size-specific aggression toward conspecifics. released large and small male and female gobies directly onto the territories of pairs, and recorded the behavioral responses of the resident fish. As predicted, residents exhibited the greatest aggression toward large intruders of the same sex, and the least aggression toward large intruders of the opposite sex. Unpaired territorial females also responded aggressively to experimentally added females, and ignored added males. These results indicate that male-female pairs are maintained by mutual intrasexual aggression in this species, and that females (and possibly males) defend both partners and other resources associated with their territories. / Graduation date: 1994

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2006. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Matina Kalcounis-Rüppell, R. Mark Brigham; submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-68).

Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between Principals¡¦ Leadership Behavior and teachers¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior in Pingtung junior high schools. Teachers¡¦ background variables and school environment variables were also analyzed to interpret the teachers' awareness of their principals¡¦ leadership behavior and their own organizational citizenship behavior. The researcher used ¡§Questionnaire of Junior High School Principals¡¦ Leadership Behavior¡¨ and ¡§Teachers¡¦ Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scales¡¨ to survey 402 teachers within 35 junior high schools in Pingtung County. The study adopted mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson cross-product correlation, and stepwise multiple regression to answer the research questions. The findings of this study are as follows¡G 1. The principals¡¦ leadership behaviors perceived by the junior high school teachers are above average,and initiating behavior is higher than consideration behavior in pingtung county. 2. Junior high school teachers of different ¡§marital status¡¨,¡¨ years of service¡¨,¡¨ positions¡¨, ¡§school size¡¨ and ¡§school location¡¨ shows significant difference in their perception of principals¡¦ leadership behavior in pingtung county. 3. Teachers¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior of junior high school teachers in Pingtung county are above average, and the¡¨ sportsmanship¡¨ get the highest score. 4 .Junior high school teachers of different ¡§marital status¡¨ , ¡§years of service¡¨, ¡§educational degree ¡§,¡§positions¡¨,¡¨ school scale¡¨ and ¡§school location¡¨ have shows significant difference in the performance of organizational citizenship behavior. in Pingtung county. 5. Junior high school Teachers perceived their principals¡¦ different leadership styles shows significant difference in teachers¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior in Pingtung County. 6. Junior high school principals¡¦ leadership behavior is positively related to teachers¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior in Pingtung County. 7. Junior high school principals¡¦ leadership behavior and school location can predict teachers¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior in Pingtung County. Keywords: Principals¡¦ Leadership Behavior, Teachers¡¦ Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The main purpose of this research is investigated based on the organizational behavior about the relationship among Supervisor, Trust and Organizational citizenship behavior. The research methods use questionnaires survey. The survey instrument was mail to the student nurses and teacher, and there are 298 effective questionnaires retuened. The main findings of the empirical study are as follow: 1.Trust holds a relation toward the altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue; but no relation toward the sportsmanship. 2.Coordingating supervisory behavior of trachers holds a relation toward the sportsmanship and civic virtue. Accepting supervisory behavior holds a relation toward the altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy; but no relation toward the sportsmanship. Teaching supervisory behavior holds a relation toward the sportsmanship and civic virtue. 3.Only teaching supervisory behavior holds a relation toward the trust; the others no relation toward the trust. 4.Accepting supervisory behavior and teaching supervisory behavior hold relation toward the altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue through the trust. 5.The research supports the link of the supervisory behavior ¡V trust ¡V organizational citizenship behavior.

This study investigates the relationship between upward influence tactics and job satisfaction from the employees in Taiwan , According to the results of analyses conducted on data collected from 2761 employees. The seven personal characteristics variables examined were gender, age, education, marriage, With subordinates the manager to work together as colleagues the period of service, in office the organization work period of service and position . Results indicated the importance of upward influence tactics and individual differences on assessments of job satisfaction as follows: First, the upward political line obtains five constructions surface by way of the host ingredient analysis, the naming is: (1) rationality convinces (2) exchange and upwardly demands (3) image to manage (4) fawns on (5) hindrance to exert pressure Second, the work satisfies the feeling to obtain six constructions surface by way of the host ingredient analysis, the naming is: (1) work achievement feeling (2) compensation satisfies (3) boss to satisfy (4) is promoted the opportunity (5) colleague to relate (6) work support Third, personal characteristics variable and relations upward political behavior: (1) male are more than in the upward political behavior activity the female. (2) work period of service 3~10 year or 30~40 year-old age level for political behavior operation degree most exuberant time. (3) high school record, mostly also is the upward political behavior highly by chance. (4) with subordinates the manager to work together as colleagues the period of service to be longer, the upward political behavior utilization regulation goes past high. (5) in management level, Regarding upward political behavior by chance degree, the high social class position manager and center the social class position manager obviously is higher than the basic unit social class managers. Fourth, personal characteristics variable and satisfies the relations with the work: (1)different personal characteristics variable all has in the work achievement feeling reveals the difference. (2)besides the education level, different personal characteristics variable and satisfies in the compensation on all has reveals the difference. (3)except outside the sex, the age, the education level, other four item of personal characteristics variable and satisfies in the boss on all has reveals the difference. (4)except outside the age, the education level, the marriage, other four item of personal characteristics variable in is promoted in the opportunity to have reveals the difference. (5)only has the sex, is in office the organization work period of service, work official rank three item of personal characteristics variable relates in the colleague on has reveals the difference. (6)except outside the sex, the education level, the marriage, other four item of personal characteristics variable all has in the work support reveals the difference. Fifth, controls personal characteristics variable, satisfies the relations in view of the upward political behavior and the work, after correlation analysis result: (1)regarding the work achievement feeling influence, "the rationality convinces" and "fawns on" presents is being connected, but "the exchange and the upward demand" presents causes the negative effect. (2)regarding salary satisfied influence, "exchange and upward demand" the upward political behavior effect is best, but uses "the hindrance exerts pressure" the way, then possibly instead causes the negative effect. (3)regarding the boss satisfied influence, the utilization "fawns on" the effect is best, adopts "the hindrance exerts pressure" the way to be able to appear the negative effect. (4)regarding is promoted the opportunity influence, adopts "the exchange and the upward demand" is easiest to achieve the expectation goal. (5)influence which relates regarding the colleague, "the rationality convinces" and "fawns on" has the frontage to strengthen the influence, but "the exchange and the upward demand" and "the hindrance exerts pressure" has the negative destruction influence. (6)regarding the work support influence, adopts "the exchange and the upward demand" the upward political behavior effect is best, but "the hindrance exerts pressure" can have the negative effect.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2003. / "May 2003." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-308).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Supervisor: Walter Wilczynski. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-105). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

The current study used multi-wave data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine the existence of typologies of readiness for sexual intercourse and contraception among a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 15-18. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, the current study used latent profile analyses to establish five profiles of sexual readiness based on adolescents' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for sexual intercourse and contraception. Analyses were conducted cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and five classes were confirmed at each of two waves. The current study established and characterized four profiles of readiness for sexual behavior at both waves: “impulsive adolescents,” “precarious adolescents,” “well-controlled adolescents,” and “conservatively-reared adolescents.” Two separate fifth profiles also emerged: “hasty adolescents” at wave 1, and “unrestrained adolescents” at wave 2. Logistic regression of longitudinal data indicated that compared to “impulsive adolescents” at wave 1, “precarious” and “conservatively-reared” adolescents were significantly less likely to engage in sexual intercourse at wave 2, and “well-controlled” adolescents were significantly less likely to engage in casual sex. Wave 1 cross-sectional data indicated that “precarious” adolescents were less likely to have used contraception either at their first time or most recent time of sex, and all other profiles were more likely to have employed contraception than “impulsive” adolescents. Wave 2 cross-sectional analyses indicated that two profiles (“precarious” and “conservatively-reared”) were less likely to engage in sexual intercourse, and two profiles (“well-controlled” and “unrestrained”) were more likely to engage in sexual intercourse than “impulsive” adolescents. / text

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