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This thesis focuses on the topic of human trafficking and exploitation from the perspective of the trafficked persons themselves. Using the interpretative phenomenological analysis seeks to determine the lived experience of these people. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 4 respondents who are clients of the organization La Strada ČR. These interviews were recorded and they were subsequently analyzed according to IPA. Trafficking and exploitation had a significant impact on the lives and experiences of these people. Interpersonal relationships are affected the most, especially the ability to establish contacts with strangers. Also relationships with families are disturbed because of fear of rejection and misunderstanding of what you went through. People live in fear for their safety and future. Interpersonal relationships are on the other side one of the elements helping to manage the traumatic event and their absence deepens negative experiences. KEY WORDS Trafficking in human beings and exploitation, interpretative phenomenological analysis, experience of trafficked people, psychological trauma

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2014. / In the present thesis the use of convergence as a tool in functional analyses was investigated, with special focus on comparisons using distantly related species (“convergence approach”). Guidelines for the convergence approach were forumlated and applied in the evaluation of selected hypotheses on the contextualization of early hominins. Additionally, comprehensive reviews on water use in primates were carried out, with special focus on hominoids, including humans. The first description (and video footage) of swimming and diving behaviour in a common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) were presented here, along with swimming behaviour in other great apes (without video footage). Hypotheses on the loss of instinctive swimming in hominoids were discussed and the Saci last common ancestor hypothesis was proposed. This model suggests that the loss of swimming ability in hominoids is best explained as a consequence of phylogenetic constraints linked to the adaptation to an arboreal life in the last common ancestor of this taxon. Furthermore, several hypotheses on early hominin evolution were reviewed. It was pointed out that several of these hypotheses have similar methodological flaws in the use of analogies to corroborate specific arguments. A hypothesis on the emergence of the habitual bipedalism in early hominins was outlined, arguing that this trait did not evolve in association with a locomotory advantage or for other reasons usually presented in the literature, but as a signal to advertise unprofitability – as a warning signal in an anti-predator strategy. It was argued that fossil evidence does not allow a high resolution of inference concerning incipient traits – traits which are not optimized to fulfil a certain function after a functional change. The consideration of different lines of evidence presented in this thesis indicate that the topic “water use” must be considered in discussions on early hominin evolution. The fact that humans regularly and intensively interact with water can be considered as an indication that in some part of human phylogeny after the hominin/panin split, swimming and diving ability was specifically selected. However, contrary to the view of several proponents of the aquatic hypotheses, it was demonstrated that humans are not absolutely unique concerning their ability to learn to swim and to dive. It is therefore also conceivable that our ability to learn to swim is associated to our cognitive abilities and is not a product of specific selection in our past.

In this thesis, I explored children’s experiences of role-play in relation to notions of self. The research took place in two pack-away settings in the Private, Voluntary and Independent (PVI) sector of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The experiences of eight children, aged between three-year-three months and four-years one month, were investigated over a period of seven months. I used an adaptation of The Mosaic Approach (Clark and Moss 2001) combined with a reflective lenses approach (Brookfield 1995) to create a three-dimensional view of the children’s experiences. The children and I used a range of tools to gather data including digital cameras, conferencing, drawing and map-making. Children were conceptualised as agentic and capable of commenting on their lives and experiences (James et al 1998, Qvortrup 2004, Cosaro 2010). The findings revealed that children engage in Wave Play, a fluid form of role-play in which they move both props and ideas from space to space. Practitioners support the children in finding the necessary props and allowing them to move from one area of the setting to another. The children displayed positive self-esteem and effective social behaviours showing an awareness of themselves as social beings. They were confident that their needs will be met when they request support. In their role-play activities, they showed their understanding of themselves as integrated selves; beings, becomings and having beens (Cross 2011). Adults in pack-away settings can support children effectively by adopting a flexible pedagogical approach.

作者 黃慧英. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院哲學部. / Manuscript (cops. 2 & 3 reprint copies) / Includes bibliographical references: leaves 239. / zuo zhe Huang Huiying. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan zhe xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 / Chapter 第二章 --- 朱子的形上學 / Chapter 第三章 --- 朱子對易（涉及天道與人道關係部分）的理解及的理解及注釋 / Chapter 第四章 --- 朱子對中庸的理解及注釋 / Chapter 第五章 --- 朱子如道德哲學之甲´ؤ´ؤ道德存有論 / Chapter 第六章 --- 朱子的道德哲學之乙´ؤ´ؤ道德實踐論 / Chapter 第七章 --- 朱子與孟子的重要分歧 / Chapter 第八章 --- 朱子的道德哲學與形上學的關係

Thesis. 1975. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Bibliography: leaves 86-88. / M.Arch.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 227-237. / by Hong-Bin Kang. / Ph.D.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2014. / This thesis describes research that was conducted to investigate the causes of problems associated with the conservation of biodiversity in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park. The Rwenzori Mountains National Park faces conservation problems such as illegal harvesting of park resources, encroachment on the park boundary, and poor relationships between the local people and the managers of the park. These problems triggered this study because despite attempts such as intensifying park rules and regulations, implementing community-based conservation initiatives, and providing environmental education to local people to address the problems, they have persisted. This study was conducted on the premise that before a solution to these problems can be found, their nature and extent, and possible cause, need to be understood. The study involved: a) an extensive review of the relevant literature to identify factors that affect successful conservation of biodiversity in national parks in Africa, b) a critical analysis of the role of traditional ecological knowledge in the conservation of biodiversity in national parks in Africa, c) the development of a theoretical framework that could guide an investigation into problems associated with the conservation of biodiversity in national parks using the case study of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, d) field investigations on how local people in the Rwenzori Mountains depended on the park, and what factors influence their dependence on the park, e) investigations into the environmental education provided to influence people to support conservation of the Rwenzori Mountains National park, f) the development of a generalisable scheme of factors that influence local people to illegally access and use the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, and g) preparation of a model that could serve as a framework for developing holistic community-based biodiversity conservation plans in a rural African context. The review of the literature was done through meta-data analysis of publications systematically selected from various web search engines on the internet. This was followed by field investigations. In order to have an in-depth and holistic understanding of the issues investigated, a mixed-methods approach to data collection was used. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 163 randomly selected respondents from households in villages within 5 km of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park boundary. The study also involved content analysis of the formal environmental education syllabus documents, and documents on the Rwenzori Region Environmental Education Strategy and its implementation. It was found that factors responsible for both the success and failure of conserving biodiversity in national parks were socio-cultural and economic in nature. Although there was an increasing number of studies in the literature advocating for the consideration of traditional ecological knowledge in the conservation and management of national parks in Africa, most of those studies are theoretical, based on logical accounts and contestable historical reviews. In the Rwenzori Mountains, the local community illegally accessed the park to harvest 87 plant species, hunt 46 species of animals, and to conduct various activities. Illegal access to the park was influenced by a range of factors which interacted in myriad ways. Some of the factors (such as traditional beliefs) were situated inside mindsets of individuals and others (such as unpredicted weather conditions, lack of alternative means of livelihood and survival, commercial benefits, and bureaucratic procedures for legally accessing resources) were external to the individual. Previous attempts by the park staff to address illegal access to the park, and the associated resource harvesting problems, were judged to have been unsuccessful because the interventions did not target the underlying factors. This thesis argues for the use of holistic frameworks in investigating and addressing problems associated with the conservation of biodiversity in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park and has demonstrated how such frameworks could be developed. An adaptable model which could enhance more effective community-based biodiversity conservation has been proposed and recommended for future interventions in the management of national parks in a rural African context.

As climate change impacts a growing number of aspects of economic activity, it is becoming ever more vital to understand how these effects will manifest. This work advances the study of the impacts of environmental change. First, I provide a panel analysis at the country level that identifies the effects of dust storms on economic activity in West Africa. I also find some evidence in the agricultural sector to support the finding of damaging effects. Second, I examine the extent to which dust storms and climate shocks affect migration in the same region. While temperatures and precipitation are found to play important roles, dust storms do not appear to have a significant influence. Third, I consider the role of adaptation to climate change in the United States. I build a model that predicts the locations most likely to be used in agriculture in the future, allowing for better forecasting of shifts in the areas used for agricultural production.

This thesis takes its start from the identification of a gap in knowledge between the act of musical utterance and its significance for human being. Based on the proposition that music education could benefit from what it most appears to lack, a deep epistemology, the study first examines the knowledge gap as an epistemological omission in music curriculum and discourse, and then argues the case for retrieval of a logos epistemology to rectify the omission. The recovery of the meaning of the musical act, it is argued, is an ethical, biographical initiative taken up by the individual who senses the need to strive towards freedom of moral decision. Recovery consists in developing an epistemology specific to human utterance, namely, a logos epistemology. Since the logos is an original form-bestowing power whose sanctuary is the human being, it seeks and finds expression in uttered forms, and it is through fully conscious observation of one's own contribution to the emergence of these forms that one can find oneself as knower. It is significant that it is characteristic of the logos in the current era, however, that it is hidden from the (dual) perspective which humanity has taken up in its cognitive evolution. The condition of its recovery, then, is that it must be 'unconcealed' for it is obscured by its own forms, and consequently, by aesthetic and linguistic theory derived, not from efforts made towards enhanced musical experience, but inferred from the sense-perceptible elements of experience. It is argued that it is educationally responsible to cultivate the individual's latent epistemic resources, namely, self-observed, consciously directed intentionally, so that the meaning of the original experience of musical phenomena, tone and interval, can be raised to awareness, and musical culture renewed. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)