Beirut Down Town is growing and a whole region is facing a transformation. On the N empty landfill next to the Marina I propose an urban park that can reflect Beirut's pulse and life. It is an urban structure in different levels that hovers over the city and overlooking the Mediterranean sea . The Park connects to the already existing seaside promenade a 6 km programmed walk full of activities, the Waterfront Park is designed to reflect the daily life on this seaside walk and meet the ambition of Vibrant City center. / Beirut Down Town växer och en hel region står inför en förvandling. På den tomma landmassan intill Marinan föreslår jag en stadspark som kan spegla Beiruts puls och liv. Det är en urban struktur i olika nivåer som svävar över staden och med utsikt över Medelhavet. Parken ansluter till den redan befintliga strandpromenaden en 6 km programmerad promenad full av aktiviteter, Beirut Waterfront Park är utformade för att återspegla det dagliga livet på denna strandpromenad och möta ambitionen av ett livliga centrum.

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Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2008

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Includes tables. Sponsor: Esther Lloyd-Jones. Dissertation Committee: Gordon Klopf, Sloan Wayland, . Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study was to trace the historical development of the American University of Beirut and its educational contributions in Lebanon and the Middle East from 1920 to 1967. Through their activities in the Levant in the early nineteenth century, the American missionaries virtually laid the foundations of the Syrian Protestant College, later known as the American University of Beirut. Though religion was the cornerstone in the founding of the University, under the pressure of the local environment, its secular character was to be substituted for the religious one. The establishment of the University in 1866 marked the beginning of the system of higher education in the Arab world. As the first established institution of higher learning, the University played a significant role in raising the level of literacy throughout the region. Despite the difficult times that the University faced throughout its history, it survived and continued its dedicated mission to serve the people of Lebanon and the entire area. For the University, the first 50 years under Ottoman rule was a period of surviving and maintaining its existence. With the freedom it came to enjoy during the French Mandate and later during independence, the University moved into a period of advancing and expanding. By the 1960s the University had become a prestigious institution and captured the support of most people and governments in the area. The study's six chapters describe the historical setting of Lebanon and the origins of its religious groups, the historical background of the American University of Beirut, the educational activities of the University during the French Mandate, and its educational activities under independent Lebanon. The thesis showed that the University had a significant role in the education of the Lebanese and the peoples of the area, and that it has significantly contributed to the development of Lebanon and the Middle East.

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This thesis seeks to reassess the rise of the city of Beirut and its place as a central city in the Levant. From 1834-1939, Beirut built a number of infrastructure improvements which reoriented trade through Beirut and made it a central gateway of between Europe and the Middle East. In the Ottoman Era, local merchants allied with French concessionary companies to build a roadway, a rail line and a port which brought increased prosperity and trade to the city. The merchants had to petition the Ottoman state to secure these improvements, and the business elite continued using and developing these tactics of negotiation under the French Mandatory government. By negotiating and allying with the French state, Beirut instigated the development of a modern port and an air terminal in Beirut, securing her commercial centrality in the Middle East. The development of this infrastructure was powered by moments of economic competition from regional cities like Sidon, and most notably, Haifa. Beirutis saw any transportation development in a Levantine city not their own as a direct threat to the prosperity and commerce of Beirut. To counter these threats, Beiruti merchants and press organized to build competing structures as seen in the construction of the 1938 port. Through a combination of local agency, French capital, and alliances and negotiations with the state, Beruitis successfully developed the infrastructure which redirected the trade routes through Beirut, making it an indispensable gateway to the Levant. / text

Conducted within a feminist framework and guided by the principles of grounded theory methodology, this dissertation reports on the findings of a study of women's rape perceptions, undertaken in Beirut, Lebanon. The study relied on 38 interviews, participant observation, and a review of newspaper articles (1996--1999) and organizational documents. / In this dissertation, I argue that perceptions of rape reflect, reinforce, and are supported by dominant social relations based on elements of social location such as gender, religion, socioeconomic status, disability, ethnicity and race. More specifically, I maintain that the relationship between perceptions of rape on one hand, and social relations on the other, is mediated by the centrality of marriage. This mediation is reflected in two processes. First, social relations lead to differential constructions of womanhood and perceived marriageability, which in turn play a large role in shaping perceptions of what counts as rape. Concretely, this impacts on which women are perceived to be consenting to sex and those perceived to be rape victims. / Second, social relations construct a marriage that adheres to specific conditions as the only acceptable union between a man and a woman in Beiruti society. In consequence, these constructions of acceptability shape what counts as "real" rape versus consensual sex. Concretely, this means that relationships that fall outside this construction of acceptability are more readily labeled as rape. / In the first four chapters of the dissertation, I provide background information about the study's theoretical framework, location within the broader empirical scholarship on rape perceptions, and methodology. I also provide detailed information about the Beiruti/Lebanese context. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 are empirical chapters relating some of the findings of the study as they relate to the centrality of marriage and perceptions of rape and consent. Chapter 8 concludes the dissertation with a discussion of the themes of women's agency, the line between sex and rape, and the impact of social relations. Through this discussion, I offer concrete insights for the further development of theory, research and practice with the issue of rape.

Master of Architecture

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