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The aim of this thesis is a preliminary draft of test equipment for testing fuel injectors Common Rail system with the drive shaft radial loading. The work presents a brief overview of the contemporary designs of the pump system, which then leads on equipment design.

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The content of this thesis is the design of street furniture using concrete. The work includes a brief summary of marketing, analyzing current trends in design of street furniture and analysis used technical solutions. The main part is devoted to the design process, resulting in the shape of street furniture while respecting the structural and ergonomic requirements in relation to people who use the furniture.

The mine planning process converts resources into economically mineable reserves, focusing on value addition and risk reduction. Equipment selection is traditionally addressed late in the process and addresses production capacity, equipment matching and equipment allocation. The primary focus being to reduce the operating cost per unit of material handled. Mineral resource management is an integration of the key functions in the mining process. A focus on resource utilisation plays a key role in the management process and leads to the question whether lower operating costs always add value in the long term. It was determined that traditional equipment selection methods are not effective for all mineral deposits and might even be short sighted, destroying value over the long term. The mine planning process was adapted to allow for an early investigation into the potential for increased recovery. The effect of selectivity in the loading action is simulated in a 3D environment over a range of bench heights. The results are analysed with a grade tonnage curve and the saleable product at each bench height is calculated, taking account of the required product qualities. The concept of financial materiality is applied to classify the resource as either a massive or selective deposit. A massive deposit support the traditional drive for bigger equipment and will benefit from lower operating costs. A selective deposit requires less focus on production capacity, equipment matching and allocation and more on resource recovery. In order to take advantage of the potential indicated in the evaluation, it is necessary to modify the traditional equipment selection techniques. A thorough understanding of the capabilities of the loading equipment is required in an attempt to match these abilities with the geometry of the ore deposit. The objective is to identify the equipment that will ensure the highest mining recovery at the lowest cost. This will be achieved when the loading equipment can attain a mining recovery smaller than the bench height it is mining or if the equipment can be applied economically on small bench heights. The most suitable equipment can only be determined at the hand of a total value chain costing analyses. This means that the production cost i.e. the cost to produce the final product must be evaluated and not the operating cost i.e. the cost to move a unit of material, as is often the case. The proposed mine planning approach and equipment selection technique was used on the Thabazimbi iron ore mine deposits. The results indicated that the NPV of the project could be increased dramatically. It was concluded that the ability to load selectively cannot be calculated mathematically. It is a judgment made on a thorough evaluation of the design and operating features of the shovel in conjunction with the ore body geometric parameters and the loading face conditions. The efficiency of the selected shovel can be manipulated through the application of different bench heights, and the optimum combination can only be determined through a total value chain costing analyses. / Dissertation (MEng (Mining Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Mining Engineering / unrestricted

The basic aim of this thesis is to design optimisation of the brake bench in question. For this kind of optimisation, it was necessary to ascertain which failings the current brake bench exhibited. After ascertaining such failings, design of modification to this brake bench must be performed. In terms of this thesis, it was ascertained that the brake bench has insufficient brake power. Based on this finding, two alternatives for modifications have been selected. The first is replacement of the dynamometer and the second is insertion of a gear box into the brake bench. Rigidity analysis was performed on the gear casing.

The content of this thesis is the design of street furniture using concrete. The work includes a brief summary of marketing, analyzing current trends in design of street furniture and analysis used technical solutions. The main part is devoted to the design process, resulting in the shape of street furniture while respecting the structural and ergonomic requirements in relation to people who use the furniture.

This thesis is designed to establish bench marks which will facilitate the measurement of impacts of new crop and livestock extension practices on the rate of community development of the village of Achica Bajo, Bolivia. Successful agricultural extension and community development programs require adequate data at the farm and community level. In the absence of a real appreciation for the levels of income and financial needs of the campesinos, it is difficult to institute farm policies such as land tax measures which will have the desired impacts and consequences as well as peasant acceptance. The study examines human and agricultural resources available to the community. Then utilization of these resources as measured by consumption, production and resulting income levels are measured. All of the demographic cultural and resource data were developed through first-hand field surveys. The natural rate of population increase was calculated at nearly seven percent, all of which must absorbed by the present four hectares average sized farm unit available to the 129 cultivators of the village. Aggregate village income of about $36,00, during the bench mark year of 1967, was divided among these same producing units. Crop yields were found to be much below their potentials given proper irrigation and land cultivation practices. Part of the reasons for low agriculture productivity may also be attributed to the scale of individual farm activity for it was discovered that at least 40 percent of aggregate community income was derived from off-farm activities during 1967. Over 55 percent of the total value of private assets are accounted for by livestock holdings, but income from this sector accounted for only 29 percent of the aggregate. Again natural factors such as poor breeds, low nutritional content of natural pastures and inadequate management practices are the important contributors to low productivity. The rate of investment in the community is insignificant. Present income levels do not generate internal investment capacity. most transactions take place outside of the community, since commerce accounts fro only about 13 percent of aggregate community income. Thus, most of the value added in agriculture through community activities is captured by persons or groups outside the community. Per capita earnings in the community are less than one half the national average but are probably representative of the rural sector of Bolivia in general. Some 62 percent of the population, seven years of age or over, had received at least on year of schooling and about 58 percent of the population over age seven were classed as literate. Nevertheless, 47 percent of the children of school age years were not attending school. Greater outside employment or improvements in agriculture productivity levels must be achieved in order to maintain or improve income levels in the community. A listing of quantitative bench marks covering many aspects of social and economic activity for the community of Achica Bajo are presented at the end of the thesis.

In sports, peaking phases are often applied prior to important competitions. Peaking phases typically consist of a planned overreach followed by a taper ending with a few days of complete rest. However, during peaking phases, components of body composition such as body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) have been shown to be negatively impacted, which could compromise performance outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to monitor body composition prior to and immediately after a peaking phase to determine if body composition changes occurred. Twelve powerlifters completed a seven-week training protocol designed to peak powerlifting performance. The first four weeks consisted of strength training designed to standardize participant training prior to the first testing session (T1). Following T1, the participants performed a one-week overreach followed by a one-week step-taper ending with 2 and 4 days of complete rest followed by a second testing session (T2). Each testing session consisted of a) measuring BM, FM, FFM, and SMM via bioelectrical impedance, and b) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) testing on back squat (BS), bench press (BP), and deadlift (DL). 1RM performances were summed together for a Powerlifting Total (PT), and Wilks Scores were applied to determine relative performance changes. There were no statistically significant changes in BM (p > 0.99), FM (p > 0.99), FFM (p > 0.99), or SMM (p > 0.99), suggesting a maintenance of body composition during the peaking phase. There were, however, statistically significant changes in 1RM-BS (p = 0.04), PT (p = 0.05), and Wilks Score (p = 0.02). These data suggest that two-week peaking phase can result in the maintenance of body composition alongside improvements in strength performance.