Hui Chi Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I. --- Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter II. --- Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Chapter III. --- Table of contents --- p.v / Chapter IV. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter A. --- Synthesis of tetraphenylene --- p.1 / Chapter B. --- Structural characteristics of tetraphenylene --- p.3 / Chapter C. --- Inclusion properties of tetraphenylene --- p.5 / Chapter D. --- Synthesis of substituted tetraphenylenes --- p.7 / Chapter 1. --- Electrophilic aromatic substitution approach --- p.7 / Chapter 2. --- Substituted biphenyl approach --- p.8 / Chapter 3. --- Substituted biphenylene approach --- p.10 / Chapter 4. --- Bis acetylene approach --- p.10 / Chapter E. --- "Synthesis of dibenzo［α ,e］cyclooctene (42) and its derivatives" --- p.14 / Chapter F. --- "Synthesis of 5,6,11,12-tetradehydrodibenzo［α ,e］cyclooctene (8) and its derivatives" --- p.16 / Chapter G. --- The aim of the present research --- p.21 / Chapter V. --- Results and discussion --- p.26 / Chapter A. --- Synthetic strategy --- p.26 / Chapter B. --- "Preparation of 1,10-dimethoxydibenzo［α ,e］cyclooctene (79)" --- p.28 / Chapter C. --- "Preparation of l，12-dimethoxytribenzo［α, c,e］cyclooctene (96)" --- p.33 / Chapter D. --- "Preparation of 1,4,5,16-tetrahydroxytetraphenylene (72) and its derivatives" --- p.44 / Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.57 / Chapter VII. --- Experimental section --- p.58 / Chapter VIII. --- References --- p.81 / Chapter IX. --- Appendix --- p.85 / Chapter A. --- List of NMR Spectra --- p.86 / Chapter B. --- List of X-ray crystallographic data --- p.104

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Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Graduation date: 1998

It is quite a decisive role for the Taiwan¡¦s relevant sector to play in the nylon synthetic filament industry of the world on both quality and quantity. Their accomplishments ever included the significant contributions on a favorable balance of trade with the noticeable amount of foreign currency making for the Taiwan government. However, The business management of the connected industry in Taiwan is encountering the numerous dilemmas due to the Taiwanese currency appreciation in the recent decade, The globalization trend, And cost advantage of the emerging country. Through the profound interview approaches with the local nylon filament manufacturers in respects of the current business strategy and the coming developing tendency under the globalization circumstances, This research classified all the information available from the interviews, as a result, and sought for the persistent development prospects for the Taiwan nylon synthetic filament industry, both adaptable and successful, to the worldwide competent markets.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Fenton-like reagent; MTBE; hydroxyl radicals; Fenton's reagent; humic acids; bicarbonate and carbonate; UV/H₂O₂; advanced oxidation processes; kinetic modeling; Pd membrane; phenol; benzene; partial oxidation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 446-454).

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The incidence of childhood leukemia is increasing, especially in urbanized areas. It is hypothesised that transplacental exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as benzene, plays a role in the etiology of childhood cancers. The studies in this thesis investigated mechanisms of transplacental benzene tumourigenesis focusing on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Initially, we investigated the effect of maternal benzene exposure on fetal erythroid progenitor cell number and the role of ROS in benzene metabolite-induced dysregulation of erythropoiesis. In the CD-1 mouse, in utero benzene exposure caused significant alterations in female fetal liver erythroid progenitor cell numbers at gestational day 16 and postnatal day 2. Using an in vitro chicken erythroblast cell line capable of erythropoiesis, we found that hydroquinone significantly inhibited erythropoiesis and this effect was prevented by pretreatment with PEG-superoxide dismutase. The second objective investigated the role of ROS in dysregulated fetal hematopoietic progenitor cell growth after maternal benzene exposure in C57Bl/6N mice. In utero exposure to benzene caused changes in fetal hematopoietic progenitor cell numbers, an increase in levels of fetal liver intracellular ROS, and a decrease in IκB-α protein levels, which were all prevented by pretreatment with PEG-catalase. The final objective determined the incidence of cancer in offspring transplacentally exposed to benzene. This study compared two strains of mice (C57Bl/6N and CD-1), as well as male and female offspring. This study also measured levels of benzene and benzene metabolites present in maternal blood and fetal liver tissue after maternal benzene exposure. Transplacental exposure to benzene induced hepatic and hematopoietic tumours in male and female CD-1 mice, respectively. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in tumour incidence in C57Bl/6N mice demonstrating a significant strain difference in susceptibility to transplacental benzene carcinogenesis. Levels of fetal liver benzene metabolites also differed between genders and strains of mice suggesting that the gender and strain differences in tumour formation may be dependent on fetal benzene metabolism capability. In conclusion, this thesis supports the hypothesis that benzene exposure to pregnant women contributes to the etiology of childhood cancers and highlights ROS and fetal benzene metabolism as potential mechanisms. / Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2009-12-21 13:10:12.747

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