Diss.--Utrecht.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1987. / Includes abstract. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 507-544).

Cette thèse enquête sur la dimension rituelle et cérémonielle d’une municipalité soumise à la domination vénitienne : la ville de Bergame. Le point de départ de l’analyse est le « Livre de Cérémoniels » de la ville, rédigé par les chanceliers à partir de la fin du XVIIème siècle. L’analyse est donc conduite selon trois directives. La première considère les aspects qui définissaient l’identité culturelle et rituelle de la ville de Bergame. Les objectifs sont de reconstruire son calendrier festif spécifique et de présenter certaines des récurrences rituelles parmi les plus importantes. La deuxième vise à identifier les usages et les fonctions de la ritualité dévotionnelle, publique et collective, durant le XVIIIème siècle, en illustrant les effets socio-politiques. Dans ce sens, des épisodes liés aux litiges entre l’institution ecclésiastique et l’institution civique, pour la gestion du « patrimoine immatériel » de la ville, sont retranscrits. Enfin, la troisième cherche à clarifier la relation politique et culturelle entre Bergame et Venise au travers du prisme de la dimension rituelle. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les cérémonies relatives aux Recteurs de Terre Ferme ont été considérées, telles que les entrées, les célébrations de la fin du mandat, les baptêmes de leurs fils et les élections des « protecteurs de la ville ». Des cas spécifiques d’altération de ces cérémonies ont aussi été analysés dans le but de d’identifier et de comprendre les formes de l’expression de positions opposantes et contestataires. / The present dissertation investigates the ritual and the ceremonial dimension of a municipality subjected to the Venetian domain: the city of Bergamo. The point of departure is the “Book of ceremonials” written by the chancellors starting from the end of the XVIIth century. The thesis has been led along three directives. The first one aims to pinpoint the elements defining the cultural and the ritual identity of the city of Bergamo, reconstructing the specific festive calendar and presenting some of the most important ritual events. The second one considers the uses and the functions of the public and collective devotional rituality during the XVIIIth century and tries to illustrate its socio-political effects. Thus, some episodes related to the competition for the administration of the “immaterial patrimony”, between the local ecclesiastical institution and the civic, are evoked. Finally, the third one seeks to clarify the political and the cultural relation between Bergamo and Venice as developed into the ritual dimension. For this purpose, the ceremonies related to the Rectors of the so-called Terraferma have been considered, such as their entrees into the city, the celebrations for the end of the mandate, the baptism of their sons and their election as “protectors of the city”. Some specific cases of alteration of these ceremonies have also been considered, in order to intercept and to understand the forms and the expressions of protesting positions. / La presente tesi indaga la dimensione rituale e cerimoniale di un soggetto municipale sottoposto al dominio veneziano: la città di Bergamo. Il punto di partenza dell’analisi è costituito dal « Libro de Cerimoniali » della città, redatto dai cancellieri bergamaschi a partire dalla fine del secolo XVII. L’analisi viene quindi condotta secondo tre direttive, tra di esse intrecciate. La prima considera gli aspetti definenti l’identità culturale e rituale della Città di Bergamo e ha come obiettivo quello di ricostruire il calendario civico festivo, nonché quello di illustrare alcune delle ricorrenze rituali cicliche più ricorrenti. La seconda, invece, mira ad individuare gli usi e le funzioni della ritualità devozionale - pubblica e collettiva - durante il secolo XVIII, chiarendone gli effetti sociali e politici. Sono quindi ricostruite alcune delle vicende concorrenziali insorte tra l’istituzione ecclesiastica e quella civile nella gestione del « patrimonio immateriale » cittadino. La terza, infine, intende chiarire la relazione politico-culturale dispiegatasi tra l’istituzione civica bergamasca e quella repubblicana entro la dimensione rituale. A tale scopo, sono state prese in considerazione alcune delle cerimonie principali che si costituirono attorno ai Rettori di Terraferma, quali le entrate e le uscite cerimoniali dalla città, le cerimonie di battesimo dei loro figli, le elezioni al « patronato », nonché analizzati dei casi studio in cui alcune di queste cerimonie furono turbate e alterate in funzione dell’espressione di istanze contrarie o contestatorie.

Thesis (Ph. D)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1985. / Vita. Vol. 2, Appendix II, contains transcriptions of documents from the Archives of the Misericordia Maggiore in the Bibliotheca civica of Bergamo including excerpts from the Terminatione, liturgical calendars and inventories, notarial documents from the Archivio di stato, Bergamo, and annotations and rubrics in the Bergamo organ book. Includes index. Bibliography: v. 1, p. 251-268.

This thesis examines the patronage strategies of Paolo Cassotti, a wealthy wool merchant living in Venetian-dominated Bergamo in the early Cinquecento. Cassotti challenged the rigid class structure of Bergamasque society, first through his conspicuous artistic and architectural patronage within the city walls, and then by constructing a suburban villa: the Villa Zogna, a graceful example of early Renaissance architecture that was unique in Bergamo. In 1512 he hired a local artist, Andrea Previtali, who had trained with Giovanni Bellini in Venice, to adorn the villa with a fresco cycle depicting the mechanical or practical arts. This thesis explores the ways in which Paolo Cassotti used Villa Zogna and its fresco cycle to shape a positive representation of himself and his fellow merchants as part of the foundation of an ordered, stable society, thereby accomplishing visually what he could not do socially. / Art History

La tesi ricostruisce la storia teatrale cittadina di Bergamo tra Sei e Settecento, attraverso una ricognizione dei luoghi adibiti allo spettacolo profano, preposti ad accogliere l'opera in musica e le compagnie di attori professionisti. Si definiscono i rapporti delle istituzioni cittadine e del pubblico con la diffusione del teatro a pagamento delineando il tema da un punto di vista politico e sociale. A tale scopo si determinano i modelli produttivi diffusi nella città e l'eventuale circolazione di artisti e/o impresari attivi nel resto della Terraferma Veneta. Il dato peculiare della vicenda bergamasca è, infatti, la mancanza di un riconoscimento architettonico al fenomeno: con l'eccezione del teatro Secco Suardo (1686-1695), il primo teatro stabile risale al 1791. Un ritardo dovuto a motivazioni molteplici: culturali e politico-istituzionali, oltreché geografiche. Il sistema teatrale bergamasco consisteva in edifici provvisori, costruiti annualmente per le due principali stagioni (Carnevale e fiera d'agosto). La tesi è, infine, corredata da un'appendice documentaria e da una cronologia dei principali eventi spettacolari della città nel periodo in questione. / The thesis reconstructs the Bergamo's theatrical city history between the XVIIth and the XVIIIth centuries, through the finding of the places used for secular theatre's performances, like opera/melodramma and comedian professional troupes. The relations between the civic institutions and the public on one side, with the spreading of commercial theatre on the other side, are defined by a political and social point of view. In order to that are researched the productive patterns arrived in the city and the presence of artists and opera producers working in the Terraferma veneta. Bergamo's peculiarity is the absence of an architectonical recognition to the phenomenon: with the exception of Secco Suardo's theatre (1686-1695), the first permanent theatre goes back to 1791. A delay due to cultural, political and geographical reasons. The Bergamo's theatres system consisted in temporary buildings raised every year for the two main theatrical seasons (Carnevale and the summer fair). The thesis ends with a documentary summery and a chronology of the main spectacular events performed in the city in the age of antico regime.

Oggetto della ricerca sono i capitoli di S. Vincenzo e S. Alessandro di Bergamo, quelle istituzioni, cioè, che proprio nel corso del periodo preso in esame (1146-1216) ottennero di essere entrambe riconosciute capitoli della cattedrale. Dopo una panoramica sullo status quaestionis e sulle fonti disponibili, l’indagine si muove su due piani distinti ma tra loro connessi: innanzitutto, esaminando la struttura e l’organizzazione dei due collegi, si procede a un’analisi di tipo “istituzionale” degli stessi. Da questo punto di vista la ricerca mostra nel complesso come i due collegi abbiano condiviso la responsabilità di governo della diocesi non solo dopo, ma anche prima dell’accordo con cui, nel 1189, si riconobbero reciprocamente come parti dell’unica cattedrale bergamasca. Inoltre, attraverso uno studio prosopografico si ottengono informazioni su provenienza sociale, carriera e profilo culturale dei canonici. Elementi utili a ricostruire la posizione dei capitoli nella città vengono pure dall’analisi dei loro compiti in ambito di cura animarum, dalla valutazione del ruolo della basilica di S. Alessandro come custode delle reliquie del santo eponimo dell’episcopato, e infine da alcuni cenni sulla lotta per la ecclesiastica libertas che oppose Chiesa e comune ai primi del Duecento. / The research concerns the chapters of S. Vincenzo and S. Alessandro (Bergamo). During the period under study (1146-1216), both the institutions obtained the right to be considered cathedral in the city. After an overview of the status quaestionis and of the available sources, the study discusses first the institutional aspects, such as the structure and organization of the two chapters. From that point of view, it seems clear that the two institutions shared some important duties not only after but also before being both acknowledged as cathedral (1189). Then, a prosopographical investigation offers many information about the social origins, studies and careers of the canons. Some attention is focused also on the commitment of the chapters to the cura animarum and on the fact that the relics of the main patron saint of the city (s. Alexander) were buried in the church of S. Alessandro. All that, along with the consideration of the antagonism that, at the beginning of the twelfth century, took place between Church and city about the problem of ecclesiastica libertas, shows the actual position of the cathedral chapters in the city.

This dissertation examines William of Ockham's theory of property rights in the Opus nonaginta dierum (1332) in the context of the other major Michaelist texts of the period. A corollary of the project is to examine to what extent Ockham, a theologian with no formal training in law, was able to exploit the resources of Roman and canon law to justify his theory of property rights. The first chapter outlines general methodological concerns. The second chapter describes John XXII's theory of property rights as it can be found in his major bulls of the 1320s. The subsequent chapters adopt a thematic approach. Chapters three through five analyse in turn the concepts of ius, dominium, and usus, which are hierarchically related concepts in the Michaelist texts. Chapter three examines ius in traditional legal discourse in order to provide a framework for understanding how the Michaelists employed the term; both the issue of positive and natural rights and the interaction of divine, natural, and positive law are examined. Chapter four examines dominium, here primarily understood as proprietary lordship, as it is justified in divine, natural, and positive law; the Franciscan position on the origin of private property also becomes clear. The fifth chapter deals with the Franciscan argument that usus must be understood not only in a legal sense. Franciscan use, they argue, is a rightless and legally indefensible sort of use because it lacks a connection to ius. The sixth chapter explores how the Michaelists explained that one may justly use something that is consumed through use without ever holding property rights over it, while the seventh explores the Franciscan theory of corporate rights in the face of Innocent IV's and John XXII's arguments about the supposedly fictive personality of corporations. A concluding chapter and three appendices round out the dissertation. The first appendix illustrates how Michael of Cesena adapted Bonaventure's theory of a 'fourfold community of temporal things'. The second compares the structural interrelationship of the Michaelist texts. The final appendix tabulates Ockham's use of canon and Roman law with respect to the writings of the pope and the other Michaelists.

This dissertation examines William of Ockham's theory of property rights in the Opus nonaginta dierum (1332) in the context of the other major Michaelist texts of the period. A corollary of the project is to examine to what extent Ockham, a theologian with no formal training in law, was able to exploit the resources of Roman and canon law to justify his theory of property rights. The first chapter outlines general methodological concerns. The second chapter describes John XXII's theory of property rights as it can be found in his major bulls of the 1320s. The subsequent chapters adopt a thematic approach. Chapters three through five analyse in turn the concepts of ius, dominium, and usus, which are hierarchically related concepts in the Michaelist texts. Chapter three examines ius in traditional legal discourse in order to provide a framework for understanding how the Michaelists employed the term; both the issue of positive and natural rights and the interaction of divine, natural, and positive law are examined. Chapter four examines dominium, here primarily understood as proprietary lordship, as it is justified in divine, natural, and positive law; the Franciscan position on the origin of private property also becomes clear. The fifth chapter deals with the Franciscan argument that usus must be understood not only in a legal sense. Franciscan use, they argue, is a rightless and legally indefensible sort of use because it lacks a connection to ius. The sixth chapter explores how the Michaelists explained that one may justly use something that is consumed through use without ever holding property rights over it, while the seventh explores the Franciscan theory of corporate rights in the face of Innocent IV's and John XXII's arguments about the supposedly fictive personality of corporations. A concluding chapter and three appendices round out the dissertation. The first appendix illustrates how Michael of Cesena adapted Bonaventure's theory of a 'fourfold community of temporal things'. The second compares the structural interrelationship of the Michaelist texts. The final appendix tabulates Ockham's use of canon and Roman law with respect to the writings of the pope and the other Michaelists.

La thèse reconstruit la carrière ecclésiastique de Giovanni Girolamo Albani (1509-1591), en en faisant le porte-parole de la période contre-réformiste. Nous avons commencé par retracer les origines de la famille Albani, et sa montée en puissance au début du XVIe siècle, en la situant dans l’histoire de Bergame. Trois chapitres sont consacrés à l’analyse de trois traités d’Albani, publiés à la veille du Concile de Trente. Ainsi, le De Cardinalatu (1541) et le De potestate papae et concilii (1544) tissent une relation de dépendance entre le pouvoir du Collège cardinalice et du concile, et celui des papes : pour Albani, la seule garantie contre le péril de la Réforme est un gouvernement centralisé et vertical. Le Liber pro oppugnata Romani Pontifici dignitate (1547) est, au contraire, une oeuvre apologétique qui attaque frontalement deux écrits de Luther et Calvin. Par ailleurs, à l’occasion de l’enquête menée contre l’évêque de Bergame en 1551, la thèse reconstruit la collaboration d’Albani avec les inquisiteurs. Grâce à la rencontre de l’inquisiteur Michele Ghislieri, futur Pie V, Albani est nommé cardinal en 1570. Nous avons essayé de retracer son activité politique et curiale, de visualiser sa place dans le Collège cardinalice, mais également de comprendre ses alliances familiales, ses rapports avec l’Espagne et notamment, la raison de sa neutralité durant la guerre de factions qui divisait le Sacre collège, particulièrement à l’occasion des conclaves. Au cours d'un chapitre, nous avons analysé des prophéties qui, selon des familiares de l’Albani, auraient prédit l’élection pontifical du cardinale. / This thesis is about the life and work of Giovanni Girolamo Albani (1509-1591). It begins with the study of the rise of the Albani family in Bergamo. It is followed by an analysis of the three books published by Albani on the eve of the Council of Trent. The De Cardinalatu (1541) and the De potestate papae et concilii (1544) defend the papal authority from the demands of the cardinals and the councils. Albani argued that the Church should react against the Reform by concentrating the power in Peter's seat. Liber pro oppugnata Romani Pontifici dignitate (1547) takes the Pope’s side in the controversy that arose after the attacks of Luther and Jean Calvin. Then, the thesis examines the reasons for Albani’s cardinal promotion in 1570. It focuses especially on the aid he gave to the Inquisition in 1536, and in 1551 during the investigation against Bergamo’s bishop led by Michele Ghislieri (who later became pope Pius V). The thesis tries to retrace Albani’s curial activity from 1569 to 1591, his role in the College of Cardinals, his family’s networks and his relations with Spain. Special attention is given to his neutral position during the conclaves and the strategies used by competing factions of cardinals. In particular, a chapter focuses on a group of letters in which some familiares of the cardinal talk about prophecies that foresee the imminent death of the pope, nurturing among Albani’s entourage the hope to see their master elected.