Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / As deel van die weermodifikasie-eksperiment in Bethlehem, Suid-Afiika, is 'n reenmeternetwerk geinstalleer, en word die neerslagwaardes R; wat by 43 reenmeterstasies waargeneem is, vergelyk met die waargenome radar reflektiwiteit Z;. Alhoewel radar ruimtelike en tydskontinue metings van reflektiwiteit bied wat onmiddellik by een sentrale punt beskikbaar is, is die akkuraatheid van radar om reenval te meet onseker as gevolg van verskeie potensiele foute in die omskakeling van reflektiwiteit na reenval. Dit word aanvaar dat reenmeters akkurate puntwaarnemings van reenval gee en daar bestaan eenstemmigheid dat die kombinasie van die twee metodes beter is as enigeen van die metodes afsonderlik. In hierdie studie ondersoek ek die toepassing van die veralgemeende lineere model as 'n beramingstegniek. Vorige studies gebruik die log-log transformasie, d. w.s. logZ = logA + b(logR) van die Z = ARb verwantskap om die koeffisiente A en b met behulp van kleinste-kwadrate-regressie te bepaal. Die implisiete aanname hiermee is dat die foute ongekorreleerd is. Met die inverse verwantskap R = czd d.w.s. logR = logC + d(logZ) neem ek aan dat die waarnemings nie onafhanklik is nie sodat die regressiekoeffisiente bereken word met behulp van die metode van die veralgemeende lineere model. Om die ruimtelike afhanklikheid van die reenmeterwaarnemings te modelleer, word eksperimentele variogramme uit die data bereken en gepas met teoretiese variogramme wat gebruik word om die variansie-kovariansiematriks te vu!. "Gemiddeld" vaar hierdie metode beter as gewone regressie vir analises wat reenmeters wat verder as 45km vanaf die radarstel is, insluit. Residu-stipping wys dat die afstand van die meter vanaf die radarstel as 'n afsonderlike onafhanklike veranderlike in die regressievergelyking ingesluit behoort te word, d.w.s. die beraming verbeter met logR = 3-0 + a,(logZ) + a2(afstand). Hierdie meervoudige regressiemodel stem ooreen met die teoretiese model van Smith en Krajewski omdat e -- afstand as 'n praktiese manifestasie van die foutproses [e.,, (ij)] beskou kan word. Omdat E(ez) = eE<ZJ e'"a' as Z 'n lognormaalverdeling het, kan die sydigheid wat ontstaan wanneer antilogaritmes geneem word, reggestel word deur die beraamde reenval met e112 "' te vermenigvuldig. Die studie !ewer 'n bydrae met die afleiding van 'n beramingstegniek wat die beraming van neerslag uit radar betekenisvol verbeter. / In a study of a rain-gauge network that was installed for a weather modification experiment in Bethlehem, South Africa, precipitation values R; observed at 43 gauging stations are compared to the observed radar reflectivity Z;. Although radar provides spatial and temporal measurements of reflectivity that are immediately available at one location, the accuracy of radar estimation of rainfall is uncertain due to various potential errors in the conversion from reflectivity to rainfall. Rain-gauges are assumed to give accurate point measurements of rainfall and there is general agreement that the combination of systems is better than either system alone. In this study I explore the application of the general linear model as an estimation technique. Previous studies have used the log-log transform, i.e. logZ = logA + b(logR) of the Z = ARb relation, and applied least-squares regression analysis to determine the coefficients A and b. This implicitly assumes that the disturbances are uncorrelated. Working with the inverse relation R = czd i.e. logR = logC + d(logZ) and assuming that the observations are not independent we compute the regression coefficients using generalised least squares. To model the spatial dependence of the rain-gauge observations we compute experimental variograms from the data and fit them with theoretical variograms which are then used to fill the variance-covariance matrix. "On average" this method performs better than ordinary regression for the analyses that included rain-gauges further than 45km from the radar set. Residual plotting revealed that distance of the rain-gauge from the radar set should be included as a separate independent variable in the regression equation, i.e. logR = ao + a1(logZ) + a1(distance) improved the estimation of rainfall as it performs better than ordinary regression. This multiple regression model agrees with the theoretical model of Smith and Krajewski in the sense that e "'distance is a practical manifestation of the error process [ e,, (ij)]. Showing that E( ez) = el!.(!.) e 112 "' if Z has a lognormal distribution, the bias when taking antilogs can be removed by multiplying estimated rainfall by e1 ' 2a'. The contribution of this study is the derivation of an estimation technique which significantly improves the estimation of rainfall from radar / Mathematical Sciences / D. Phil. (Statistics)

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / As deel van die weermodifikasie-eksperiment in Bethlehem, Suid-Afiika, is 'n reenmeternetwerk geinstalleer, en word die neerslagwaardes R; wat by 43 reenmeterstasies waargeneem is, vergelyk met die waargenome radar reflektiwiteit Z;. Alhoewel radar ruimtelike en tydskontinue metings van reflektiwiteit bied wat onmiddellik by een sentrale punt beskikbaar is, is die akkuraatheid van radar om reenval te meet onseker as gevolg van verskeie potensiele foute in die omskakeling van reflektiwiteit na reenval. Dit word aanvaar dat reenmeters akkurate puntwaarnemings van reenval gee en daar bestaan eenstemmigheid dat die kombinasie van die twee metodes beter is as enigeen van die metodes afsonderlik. In hierdie studie ondersoek ek die toepassing van die veralgemeende lineere model as 'n beramingstegniek. Vorige studies gebruik die log-log transformasie, d. w.s. logZ = logA + b(logR) van die Z = ARb verwantskap om die koeffisiente A en b met behulp van kleinste-kwadrate-regressie te bepaal. Die implisiete aanname hiermee is dat die foute ongekorreleerd is. Met die inverse verwantskap R = czd d.w.s. logR = logC + d(logZ) neem ek aan dat die waarnemings nie onafhanklik is nie sodat die regressiekoeffisiente bereken word met behulp van die metode van die veralgemeende lineere model. Om die ruimtelike afhanklikheid van die reenmeterwaarnemings te modelleer, word eksperimentele variogramme uit die data bereken en gepas met teoretiese variogramme wat gebruik word om die variansie-kovariansiematriks te vu!. "Gemiddeld" vaar hierdie metode beter as gewone regressie vir analises wat reenmeters wat verder as 45km vanaf die radarstel is, insluit. Residu-stipping wys dat die afstand van die meter vanaf die radarstel as 'n afsonderlike onafhanklike veranderlike in die regressievergelyking ingesluit behoort te word, d.w.s. die beraming verbeter met logR = 3-0 + a,(logZ) + a2(afstand). Hierdie meervoudige regressiemodel stem ooreen met die teoretiese model van Smith en Krajewski omdat e -- afstand as 'n praktiese manifestasie van die foutproses [e.,, (ij)] beskou kan word. Omdat E(ez) = eE<ZJ e'"a' as Z 'n lognormaalverdeling het, kan die sydigheid wat ontstaan wanneer antilogaritmes geneem word, reggestel word deur die beraamde reenval met e112 "' te vermenigvuldig. Die studie !ewer 'n bydrae met die afleiding van 'n beramingstegniek wat die beraming van neerslag uit radar betekenisvol verbeter. / In a study of a rain-gauge network that was installed for a weather modification experiment in Bethlehem, South Africa, precipitation values R; observed at 43 gauging stations are compared to the observed radar reflectivity Z;. Although radar provides spatial and temporal measurements of reflectivity that are immediately available at one location, the accuracy of radar estimation of rainfall is uncertain due to various potential errors in the conversion from reflectivity to rainfall. Rain-gauges are assumed to give accurate point measurements of rainfall and there is general agreement that the combination of systems is better than either system alone. In this study I explore the application of the general linear model as an estimation technique. Previous studies have used the log-log transform, i.e. logZ = logA + b(logR) of the Z = ARb relation, and applied least-squares regression analysis to determine the coefficients A and b. This implicitly assumes that the disturbances are uncorrelated. Working with the inverse relation R = czd i.e. logR = logC + d(logZ) and assuming that the observations are not independent we compute the regression coefficients using generalised least squares. To model the spatial dependence of the rain-gauge observations we compute experimental variograms from the data and fit them with theoretical variograms which are then used to fill the variance-covariance matrix. "On average" this method performs better than ordinary regression for the analyses that included rain-gauges further than 45km from the radar set. Residual plotting revealed that distance of the rain-gauge from the radar set should be included as a separate independent variable in the regression equation, i.e. logR = ao + a1(logZ) + a1(distance) improved the estimation of rainfall as it performs better than ordinary regression. This multiple regression model agrees with the theoretical model of Smith and Krajewski in the sense that e "'distance is a practical manifestation of the error process [ e,, (ij)]. Showing that E( ez) = el!.(!.) e 112 "' if Z has a lognormal distribution, the bias when taking antilogs can be removed by multiplying estimated rainfall by e1 ' 2a'. The contribution of this study is the derivation of an estimation technique which significantly improves the estimation of rainfall from radar / Mathematical Sciences / D. Phil. (Statistics)

Techn., Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Berlin.

Zugl.: Tübingen, University, Diss., 2006.

This paper is based on a study purposing to discover guidelines for developing a program to improve school-community relations for the Bethlehem School. In order to accomplish this general objective it has been necessary: (1) to clarify the reasons for making the study; (2) to state general principles upon which a program for improving school-community relations may be based; (3) to analyze obstacles and assets in the school's service area; and (4) to suggest definite steps that might be taken in order to promote better school-community relations. / Typescript. / "A Paper." / "August, 1952." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Includes bibliographical references.

Missiology is about God's call and his sending forth of people to do his will. His call is always linked to his purpose. Thus, the primary purpose of God is salvation. And his salvation is all embracing. Similarly, the Church is the sacrament of salvation and is mandated to proclaim faith and salvation to all. Hence, the mission of God (missio Dei) takes place in the Church, and is implanted by the Church in the world (missiones Ecclesiae). The mission which Jesus gives to the Church is made possible by his own mission (missio Christi), and thus has its foundation in God. The history of the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem begins with the German Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans). Importantly, for the Spiritans, the growth of the diocese depended upon the training of the lay people to teach catechism, to lead Priestless Sunday services and gradually by the training of the local clergy as well. The present situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem is the seemingly shallow understanding of faith and mission, and also the dwindling number of Catholics. This is clearly evident in the number of baptisms in the baptismal register and the head counts on Sundays. Nevertheless, the diocese is still called to preach the Good News to the poor and the oppressed. This thesis assesses the efforts of the pioneers (German Missionaries) as well as the current situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem, and recommends a paradigm shift for the future. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Missiology is about God's call and his sending forth of people to do his will. His call is always linked to his purpose. Thus, the primary purpose of God is salvation. And his salvation is all embracing. Similarly, the Church is the sacrament of salvation and is mandated to proclaim faith and salvation to all. Hence, the mission of God (missio Dei) takes place in the Church, and is implanted by the Church in the world (missiones Ecclesiae). The mission which Jesus gives to the Church is made possible by his own mission (missio Christi), and thus has its foundation in God. The history of the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem begins with the German Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans). Importantly, for the Spiritans, the growth of the diocese depended upon the training of the lay people to teach catechism, to lead Priestless Sunday services and gradually by the training of the local clergy as well. The present situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem is the seemingly shallow understanding of faith and mission, and also the dwindling number of Catholics. This is clearly evident in the number of baptisms in the baptismal register and the head counts on Sundays. Nevertheless, the diocese is still called to preach the Good News to the poor and the oppressed. This thesis assesses the efforts of the pioneers (German Missionaries) as well as the current situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem, and recommends a paradigm shift for the future. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The study focuses the evil within human beings and evil actions against other humans and the human kind. The evil is defined as evil actions such as murder and actions in war. The questions asked is whether the evil has a face and if it is possible in that case to paint that kind of face. The medieval mural paintings in old churches include Cain murdering his brother Abel based on the Bible. The study also includes reliefs, sculptures in stone describing Cains´s murder of Abel and sculptures with the Massacre of the Innocents in Bethlehem according to the Bible. These pieces of medieval art are compared with the paintings of evil faces by some modern artists. The method used in the analysis is Panofsky´s iconological method. The result shows that the medieval art is formally more strictly structurer and that the modern artists have a more personal style. In addition to this fact is the different purpose of the different kinds of art. The medieval mural paintings are storytelling from the Bible and modern art is based on influences from other artists in art history and the artists´own ideas and thoughts in a more persoanl way of painting. The meaning in medieval art is more clear and obvious than that in the modern art. The conclusion reached at is that evil exists but that one cannont talk about a special face of the evil.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2754. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-29).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2001. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-247).