Issued also as thesis, Zurich. / Bibliography of works of and about Ugo Betti: p. 103-109.

Issued also as thesis, Zurich. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography of works of and about Ugo Betti: p. 103-109.

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1986. / This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #029-0057. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-89).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-89).

University, Diss., 2005--Münster (Westfalen).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Consideramos o problema de representaÃÃo de superfÃcies imersas em grupos de Lie tridimensionais.Especificamente, nos espaÃos HiperbÃlico, de Sitter, Heisenberg (Riemanniano e pseudo-Riemanniano), nas esferas de Berger e em espaÃos Anti de Sitter exÃticos. Estabelecemos como condiÃÃes de integrabilidade para a existÃncia de uma imersÃo conforme de uma superfÃcie de Riemann nos espaÃos HiperbÃlico, de Sitter, Heisenberg(Riemannianoe pseudo-Riemanniano) as equaÃÃes de compatibilidade para um sistema deprimeira ordem,envolvendo uma equaÃÃo de Dirac com potenciais geomÃtricos. Nas esferas de Berger e nos espaÃos Anti de Sitter exÃticos,demonstra-se que a harmonicidade de uma dada aplicaÃÃo, definida na superfÃcie com valores em abertos da esfera,Ã condiÃÃo suficiente para a existÃncia de uma imersÃo conforme mÃnima. / We considered the problem of representation of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional Lie groups. We search for integrability conditions assuring the existence of a conformal immersion of a given Riemann surface in some Lie group with left-invariant metric. Such compatibility conditions are found to be a first order system, consisting of a Dirac equation with geometric potentials and an extra pair of equations relating the metric and the Hopf differential. In many cases, we proved that the harmonicity of a map, defined in an open of the sphere is a sufficient condition for the existence of a conformal minimal or constant mean curvature immersion.

<div>In this thesis, we study invariants of graded modules over polynomial rings. In particular, we find bounds on the Hilbert functions and graded Betti numbers of certain modules. This area of research has been widely studied, and we discuss several well-known theorems and conjectures related to these problems. Our main results extend some known theorems from the case of homogeneous ideals of polynomial rings R to that of graded R-modules. In Chapters 2 & 3, we discuss preliminary material needed for the following chapters. This includes monomial orders for modules, Hilbert functions, graded Betti numbers, and generic initial modules.</div><div> </div><div> In Chapter 4, we discuss x_n-stability of submodules M of free R-modules F, and use this stability to examine properties of lexsegment modules. Using these tools, we prove our first main result: a general hypersurface restriction theorem for modules. This theorem states that, when restricting to a general hypersurface of degree j, the Hilbert series of M is bounded above by that of M^{lex}+x_n^jF. In Chapter 5, we discuss Hilbert series of local cohomology modules. As a consequence of our general hypersurface restriction theorem, we give a bound on the Hilbert series of H^i_m(F/M). In particular, we show that the Hilbert series of local cohomology modules of a quotient of a free module does not decrease when the module is replaced by a quotient by the lexicographic module M^{lex}.</div><div> </div><div> The content of Chapter 6 is based on joint work with Gabriel Sosa. The main theorem is an extension of a result of Caviglia and Sbarra to polynomial rings with base field of any characteristic. Given a homogeneous ideal containing both a piecewise lex ideal and an ideal generated by powers of the variables, we find a lex ideal with the following property: the ideal in the polynomial ring generated by the piecewise lex ideal, the ideal of powers, and the lex ideal has the same Hilbert function and Betti numbers at least as large as those of the original ideal. This bound on the Betti numbers is sharp, and is a closer bound than what was previously known in this setting.</div>

This thesis consists of two parts. Part one revolves around a construction for homogeneous Gorenstein ideals and properties of these ideals. Part two focuses on the behavior of the Boij-Söderberg decomposition of lex ideals. Gorenstein ideals are known for their nice duality properties. For codimension two and three, the structures of Gorenstein ideals have been established by Hilbert-Burch and Buchsbaum-Eisenbud, respectively. However, although some important results have been found about Gorenstein ideals of higher codimension, there is no structure theorem proven for higher codimension cases. Kustin and Miller showed how to construct a Gorenstein ideals in local Gorenstein rings starting from smaller such ideals. A modification of their construction in the case of graded rings is discussed. In a Noetherian ring, for a given two homogeneous Gorenstein ideals, we construct another homogeneous Gorenstein ideal and so we describe the resulting ideal in terms of the initial homogeneous Gorenstein ideals. Gorenstein liaison theory plays a central role in this construction. Using liaison properties, we examine structural relations between the constructed homogeneous ideal and the starting ideals. Boij-Söderberg theory is a very recent theory. It arose from two conjectures given by Boij and Söderberg and their proof by Eisenbud and Schreyer. It establishes a unique decomposition for Betti diagram of graded modules over polynomial rings. In the second part of this thesis, we focus on Betti diagrams of lex ideals which are the ideals having the largest Betti numbers among the ideals with the same Hilbert function. We describe Boij-Söderberg decomposition of a lex ideal in terms of Boij-Söderberg decompositions of some related lex ideals.

Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties. Dans la première partie nous étudions les variétés 2-Fano. Les variétés 2-Fano, définies par De Jong et Starr, satisfont des generalisations de certaines propriétés des varietes Fano. Nous proposons une définition de variété k-Fano (faible) et conjecturons la polyhédralité du cône de k-cycles pseudo-effectives pour ces variétés en analogie avec le cas k=1. Ensuite, nous calculons quelques nombres de Betti d'une grande classe de variétés k-Fano pour prouver un cas particulier de la conjecture. En particulier, la conjecture est vraie pour toutes les variétés 2-Fano d'indice >n-3, et nous complétons également la classification des variétés faibles 2-Fano répondant aux questions 39 et 41 dans l'article d'Araujo et Castravet.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions une application rationnelle particulière. Beauville et Donagi ont prouvé que la variété des droites F(Y) d'une hypersurface lisse, cubique Y de dimension quatre est une variété hyperKähler. Récemment, C. Lehn, M. Lehn, Sorger et van Straten ont prouvé qu'on peut naturellement associer une variété hyperKähler Z(Y) à la variété compacte des cubiques rationnelles dans Y. Puis, Voisin a défini une application rationnelle de degré 6 entre le produit direct F(Y)xF(Y) et Z(Y). Nous montrerons que le lieu d'indétermination de cette application est le lieu des droites concourantes dans Y. / This thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part we study the 2-Fano varieties. The 2-Fano varieties, defined by De Jong and Starr, satisfy some higher dimensional analogous properties of Fano varieties. We propose a definition of (weak) k-Fano variety and conjecture the polyhedrality of the cone of pseudoeffective k-cycles for those varieties in analogy with the case k=1. Then, we calculate some Betti numbers of a large class of k-Fano varieties to prove some special case of the conjecture. In particular, the conjecture is true for all 2-Fano varieties of index > n-3, and also we complete the classification of weak 2-Fano varieties answering Questions 39 and 41 in Araujo and Castravet’s article.In the second part, we study a particular rational map. Beauville and Donagi proved that the variety of lines F(Y) of a smooth cubic fourfold Y is a hyperKähler variety. Recently, C. Lehn, M.Lehn, Sorger and van Straten proved that one can naturally associate a hyperKähler variety Z(Y) to the variety of twisted cubics on Y. Then, Voisin defined a degree 6 rational map between the direct product F(Y)xF(Y) and Z(Y). We will show that the indeterminacy locus of this map is the locus of intersecting lines. / Questa tesi è divisa in due parti. Nella prima parte studiamo le varietà 2-Fano. Le varietà 2-Fano, definite da De Jong e Starr, soddisfano alcune proprietà analoghe (in dimensionie superiore) alle varietà Fano. Diamo una definizione di varietà k-Fano (debole) e congetturiamo la poliedricità del cono di k-cicli pseudoeffettivi per tali varietà, in analogia al caso k=1. Quindi calcoliamo alcuni numeri Betti di molte varietà k-Fano, per dimostrare alcuni casi particolari della congettura. In particolare, la congettura è vera per tutte le varietà 2-Fano d'indice >n-3, e inoltre completiamo la classificazione delle varietà 2-Fano deboli rispondendo alle domande 39 e 41 nell'articolo di Araujo e Castravet. Nella seconda parte studiamo una particolare mappa razionale. Beauville e Donagi hanno dimostrato che la varietà delle rette F(Y) di una ipersuperfice cubica liscia Y di dimensione 4 è una varietà hyperKähler. Recentemente, C. Lehn, M.Lehn, Sorger e van Straten hanno dimostrato che è possibile associare in modo naturale una varietà hyperKähler Z(Y) alla varietà delle cubiche razionali in Y. Successivamente, Voisin ha definito una mappa razionale di grado 6 tra il prodotto diretto F(Y)xF(Y) e Z(Y). Mostreremo che il luogo di indeterminazione di questa mappa è il luogo delle rette secanti.

Ha Minh Lam et M. Morales ont introduit une classe d'idéaux binomiaux qui est une extension binomiale d'idéaux monomiaux libres de carrés.Étant donné I un idéal monomial quadratique de k[x] libre de carrés et J une somme d'idéaux de scroll de k[z] qui satisfont certaines conditions, nous définissons l'extension binomiale de I comme B=I+J. Le sujet de cette thèse est d'étudier le nombre p plus grand tel que les sizygies de B son linéaires jusqu'au pas p-1. Sous certaines conditions d'ordre imposées sur les facettes du complexe de Stanley-Reisner de I nous obtiendrons un ordre > pour les variables de l'anneau de polynomes k[z]. Ensuite nous prouvons pour un calcul des bases de Gröbner que l'idéal initial in(B), sous l'ordre lexicographique induit par l'ordre de variables >, est quadratique libre de carrés. Nous montrerons que B est régulier si et seulement si I est 2-régulier. Dans le cas géneral, lorsque I n'est pas 2-régulier nous trouverons une borne pour l'entier q maximal qui satisfait que les premier q-1 sizygies de B son linéaires. En outre, en supossant que J est un idéal torique et en imposant des conditions supplémentaires, nous trouveron une borne supérieure pour l'entier q maximal qui satisfait que les premier q-1 sizygies de B son linéaires. En imposant des conditions supplémentaires, nous prouverons que les deux bornes sont égaux. / Ha Minh Lam et M. Morales introduced a family of binomial ideals that are binomial extensions of square free monomial ideals. Let I be a square free monomial ideal of k[x] and J a sum of scroll ideals in k[z] with some extra conditions, we define the binomial extension of $I$ as $B=I+Jsubset sis$. The aim of this thesis is to study the biggest number p such that the syzygies of B are linear until the step p-1. Due to some order conditions given to the facets of the Stanley-Reisner complex of I we get an order > for the variables of the polynomial ring k[z]. By a calculation of the Gröbner basis of the ideal $B$ we obtain that the initial ideal in(B) is a square free monomial ideal. We will prove that B is 2-regular iff I is 2-regular. In the general case, wheter I is not 2-regular we will find a lower bound for the the maximal integer q which satisfies that the first q-1 sizygies of B are linear. On the other hand, wheter J is toric and supposing other conditions, we will find a upper bound for the integer q which satisfies that the first q-1 syzygies of B are linear. By given more conditions we will prove that the twobounds are equal.