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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Förbättrat glidskikt till hjälmar / Improved low friction layer for helmets

Persson, Joel, Raij Montanari, Johannes January 2024 (has links)
Företaget Mips har utformat en teknik vilket ökar skyddet mot hjärnskador vid olyckor då det sker ett islag mot huvudet och hjälm används. Tekniken är ett utformat glidskikt mellan hjälmens yttre skal och användaren som minskar rotationsvåldet mot hjärnans nervtrådar i huvudet. Vid islag mot bakhuvudet hjälper däremot inte glidskiktet i den mån som önskas enligt Mips. Detta är på grund av att storleksjusteringen vid bakhuvudet för hjälmen agerar som en fast punkt för det annars roterande glidskiktet. Gruppen har därför undersökt alternativa lösningar och utformningar av glidskiktet för att öka den positiva effekten vid islag mot bakhuvudet. Gruppen har som mål att komma med flera lösningsförslag på utformning av glidskiktet för att undkomma den fasta punkten och integrera glidskikt med storleksjusteringen. Under projektet ska gruppen göra en förstudie av dagens lösningar och varför det finns ett problem idag. Förutom att göra en förstudie ska gruppen även tillverka fysiska prototyper och utföra funktionstester som påvisar en förbättring enligt uppdragsgivarens testmetod. De flesta av dagens lösningar för justering i höjdled av justersystemet använder sig av ett snäppförband. Gruppen har valt att använda ett standardiserat justersystem från uppdragsgivaren som konceptframtagningen kommer utgå från. Gruppen valde därefter att skapa tre olika prototyper som berör stiften. De tre olika innefattar ändringar av stiftens utformning, ta bort stiften och behålla stiftens ursprungliga utformning. Gruppen genomförde därefter tester enligt uppdragsgivarens testmetod för att komma fram till effekten av de olika koncepten. För att väga de olika idéerna mot varandra användes en beslutsmatris där olika relevanta parametrar värderas. Gruppen har med hjälp av beslutsmatrisen beslutat om rekommendationer för vidare arbete. De två lösningsförslag som gruppen rekommenderar vidare arbete med är idé 1 och idé 3 då de ses med störst potential enligt beslutsmatrisen. Båda de presenterade lösningsförslagen har olika potential beroende på förutsättningar. / The company Mips has developed a technology that enhances protection against brain injuries in accidents where there is an impact to the head while wearing a helmet. The technology consists of a designed low friction layer between the helmet's outer shell and the user, reducing the rotational force on the brain's nerve fibers inside the head. In cases of impacts to the back of the head, the low friction layer doesn't provide as much help as desired by Mips. This is because the size adjustment acts as a fixed point in the back of the head for the otherwise rotating low friction layer. Therefore, the group has investigated alternative solutions and designs of the low friction layer to enhance its effectiveness in impacts to the back of the head. The group aims to propose several design solutions for the low friction layer to avoid the fixed point and integrate it with the size adjustment. During the project, the group will conduct a preliminary study of current solutions and why there is a problem today. In addition to the preliminary study, the group will manufacture physical prototypes and perform functional tests demonstrating improvement according to the client's testing method. Most of today's solutions for height adjustment of the adjustment system use a snap-fit solution. The group has chosen to use a standardized adjustment system from the client as the basis for concept development. The group then decided to create three different prototypes concerning the pins. The three different prototypes include changes to the design of the pins, removing the pins, and retaining the original design of the pins. The group then conducted tests according to the client's testing method to determine the effectiveness of the different concepts. To weigh the different ideas against each other, a decision matrix was used where various relevant parameters were evaluated. With the help of the decision matrix, the group has decided on recommendations for further work. The two solution proposals that the group recommends for further work are idea 1 and idea 3 as they are seen to have the greatest potential according to the decision matrix. Both presented solution proposals have different potential depending on the conditions.
2

An automatically rainproofing bike helmet through light-sensitive hydrogel meshes: Design, modeling and experiments

Ehrenhofer, Adrian, Mieting, Alice, Pfeil, Sascha, Mersch, Johannes, Cherif, Chokri, Gerlach, Gerald, Wallmersperger, Thomas 22 March 2021 (has links)
For everyday cycling, one needs to carry rainproof clothing just for the case of unexpected downpours. In the present research, we present a concept for a helmet which is automatically rainproof when the rain starts. When the sun comes out, the helmet is breathable again even before it completely dries up. This functionality is provided by active hydrogel meshes. Hydrogel meshes offer great advantages due to their ability to change the aperture size with swelling and deswelling. In our current work, we present the design and modeling steps for hydrogel-layered active meshes which use (i) swelling and deswelling in hydrated state and (ii) swelling starting from the dry state. The main goal is to close the air openings of a bicycle helmet when rain starts as an automatic rainproofing. This can be achieved through the swelling of the hydrogel pNiPAAM-co-chlorophyllin in the meshes, which leads to closing when hydrated. At the same time, the light-sensitive behavior leads to opening of the apertures under direct sun exposure, i.e. when the sun appears again after the rain. We present the steps of modeling and design using the Normalized Extended Temperature-Expansion-Model (NETEM) to perform simulations in Abaqus. The model is capable of describing both the swelling of the hydrogel under light stimulus and the volume change due to hydration. It is based on the analogy between free swelling and thermal expansion and defined for nonlinear displacements. We also discuss the fabrication process of hydrogel-layered fibers and challenges in their application and simulation. As a proof of concept for hydrogel-layered meshes, we show preliminary experimental results of a poly(acrylamide)/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAm/PAMPS) hydrogel with semi-interpenetrated network (SIPN) structure and its swelling capacities on a mesh. Starting from the active hydrogel meshes as presented in the current work, the next step can be smart textiles that harness the power of hydrogels: the adaptation to combinations of stimuli - like humidity, temperature and brightness - that define environments.

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