Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Botany, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 109 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2011. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-50). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73)

Psychology / (M.A.(Clinical Psycholoy)

This dissertation main goal is to contribute to the ecosystem services valuation improvement from a social environmental context. The hypothesis adopted is that the valuation process methodological improvement under the Ecological Economy perspective may help determine entitled compensation, in expropriation lawsuits concerning large areas with great natural resources and with biological significance such as permanent preservation areas, by including other value dimensions associated with the ecosystem services (social and ecological values, besides the economic value). It shows that valuation is one among other important instruments of political and environmental management and the improvement of this information may contribute to the decision making process and the sustainable use of natural resources. Therefore, the aspects of current environmental valuation are shown and a valuation guide using social and environmental indicators, which may be used in judicial valuations, is presented. In order to apply the proposed guide, a case study was conducted in an area situated on the right side bank of Rio do Sal, near the confluence of Sergipe river, within the city limits of Aracaju and Nossa Senhora do Socorro, covering one of the last portions of mangrove and wetlands, and where a housing project by the city of Aracaju is under way. The obtained values may still be used by prosecutors to take action related to environmental management. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o aprimoramento da valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos a partir de um contexto socioambiental. A hipótese adotada é que o aperfeiçoamento metodológico da valoração sob o prisma da Economia Ecológica possa auxiliar na determinação da justa indenização, em processos de desapropriações que envolvam áreas com vastos recursos naturais de significativa importância biológica como as áreas de preservação permanente, ao incorporar outras dimensões de valores associadas aos serviços ecossistêmicos (valores ecológicos e sociais, além do valor econômico). Mostra que a valoração é um dentre outros importantes instrumentos de politica e gestão ambiental sendo que a melhoria dessas informações pode inclusive, contribuir para o processo de tomada de decisões e o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Para tal, são apontados os aspectos presentes atualmente nas avaliações de bens ambientais e elaborado um roteiro de avaliação através da utilização de indicadores socioambientais que poderá ser utilizado nas avaliações judiciais. Para a aplicação do roteiro proposto, foi realizado um estudo de uma área situada na margem direita do Rio do Sal, nas proximidades da confluência com o rio Sergipe, na divisa dos municípios de Aracaju e Nossa Senhora do Socorro, compreendendo uma das últimas porções de mangues, alagadiços e apicuns e onde estão sendo construídos conjuntos habitacionais da Prefeitura Municipal de Aracaju/SE. Os valores encontrados podem ainda, servir de subsídio para que outras ações sejam tomadas pelo Ministério Público em face da necessidade da gestão dos ambientes naturais.

Orientadores: Paulo Sérgio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira, André Victor Lucci Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DaniloGermanoMunizda_M.pdf: 3019678 bytes, checksum: c1529979d45609cac62d29ee7dd332fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Em muitos ambientes tropicais, estações chuvosas se alternam com períodos de seca. A estação seca é um período de menor disponibilidade e qualidade nutricional de folhas, sendo, portanto, um período desfavorável para insetos herbívoros e gerando as oscilações sazonais em suas populações. O cerrado é um bioma neotropical sazonal, que inclui formações de savana (cerrado sensu stricto), e onde o clima se caracteriza por uma estação quente e chuvosa de outubro a abril e uma fria e seca de maio a setembro. A produção de folhas novas se concentra geralmente na estação chuvosa, tornando este um período favorável para muitos insetos herbívoros tais como as borboletas. Em seu estágio larval, as borboletas são herbívoros vorazes cujas populações comumente oscilam de acordo com a disponibilidade de folhas adequadas ao desenvolvimento dos imaturos. Borboletas podem ser divididas funcionalmente em duas guildas: as que se alimentam em sua forma adulta do néctar de flores, e aquelas que se alimentam dos líquidos oriundos de frutos em decomposição, seiva de árvores, carcaças de animais e excrementos. As espécies do segundo grupo são conhecidas como borboletas frugívoras. A guilda de borboletas frugívoras tem sido amplamente utilizada em estudos de ecologia de comunidades devido à facilidade de captura usando armadilhas com iscas de fruta fermentada, e a relativa facilidade de identificação. Entretanto, poucas vezes esta comunidade foi estudada em ambientes abertos, e raramente em trabalhos envolvendo sazonalidade. Nesta dissertação exploramos a sazonalidade das borboletas frugívoras do cerrado sensu stricto em dois capítulos. No primeiro abordamos a composição da comunidade, suas alterações ao longo do ano bem como suas oscilações de abundância. A maior abundância de borboletas ocorreu no meio da estação chuvosa, enquanto o pico de riqueza ocorreu ao final desta estação. Satyrini foi o grupo mais abundante na estação chuvosa (principalmente Yphthimoides manasses), enquanto na estação seca foi Biblidinae (principalmente Hamadryas februa). No segundo capítulo analisamos em detalhe a relação fenológica entre a borboleta Eunica bechina e sua planta hospedeira, o pequizeiro Caryocar brasiliense. Esta planta possui nectários extraflorais atrativos para formigas, que patrulham a planta e atacam as larvas de E. bechina. Observamos a maior ocorrência de larvas no início da estação seca, quando ocorreu a maior produção de folhas. Ovos e larvas estavam presentes em quase todos os meses de amostra, exceto no final da estação chuvosa. Propomos que este seja um período de inatividade reprodutiva na espécie, devido à baixa disponibilidade de folhas jovens / Abstract: In many tropical environments, rainy and dry seasons alternate. The dryer season has decreased leaf availability and the nutritional quality of leaves is also low - thus it is an unfavorable period for herbivorous insects and generates seasonal oscillations in their populations. The cerrado is a neotropical seasonal biome characterized by a hot/rainy and a cold/dry season. Leaf production is generally concentrated in the rainy season, which is the favorable period for herbivorous insects such as butterflies. In its larval stage, butterflies are voracious and specialized herbivores, and their populations commonly oscillate according to the availability of adequate leaves for immature feeding. Butterflies can be categorized in two functional guilds according to the food resources utilized by the adults: one group feeds on flower nectar, whereas another group of species feed on the liquids from rotting fruits, carcasses and excrements, and also plant sap. The latter group is known as fruit-feeding butterflies. Fruit-feeding butterfly guild has been widely used in studies of community ecology because they are easily captured using traps with fermented fruit, and also easily identified. Surprisingly, however, fruit-feeding butterflies have rarely been studied in seasonal, open environments. In this dissertation we investigated the seasonality of fruit-feeding butterflies in the cerrado sensu stricto. In the first chapter we decribe the composition of the community, changes through the year, and oscillations in its abundance. The greatest abundance occurred in the mid rainy season, while richness peaked at the late rainy season. Satyrini was the most abundant group in the rainy period (mainly Yphthimoides manasses), whereas Biblidinae (mainly Hamadryas februa) was more common in the dry season. In the second chapter we analyze in detail the phenological relationship between the butterfly Eunica bechina and its hostplant Caryocar brasiliense. The larvae feed only on the young leaves of C.brasiliense that bear extrafloral nectaries, which attract ants that patrol the plant and attack E. bechina larvae. We observed the larger occurrence of larvae in the early rainy season, when most young leaves are produced. Eggs and larvae where present at almost all sampling months, except in the late rainy season. We suggest that this is a period of reproductive inactivity in the species, due to the low availability of young leaves / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Ph.D. / The primary objective of the study was to determine the ecological integrity of the Klip River. The protocols applied during the study gave a reliable and good reflection of the overall ecological integrity, as well as the state of different components determining the overall integrity. The ecological integrity of the most recent assessment (February 1999) is summarized in Figure 8.2. It was decided to keep the different components determining ecological integrity (physico-chemical, physical, biological) separate and not to combine everything into one score. When expressed separate, such as in the case of Figure 8.2, it is possible to observed deterioration in overall ecological integrity at a site, and it is also evident which of the components are responsible for the degradation. As mentioned previously, biological communities, and thus biotic integrity, are the best indicators of overall ecological integrity, due to the fact that they integrate both water and habitat related stresses over time. Habitat and water quality assessments are indications of the conditions prevailing at the time of sampling, while biota give an indication of the conditions prevailing over the long term. Invertebrates have shorter life cycles, and in many cases have a terrestrial phase, therefore they recolonise quicker than fish may be able to do after a pollution incident. Invertebrates can therefore be seen as indicators of short-term biological integrity, while fish indicate long-term biological integrity of a river. / Prof. G.J. Steyn

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Understanding of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) and their extent within the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer is poor. To understand the dependence to basic ecological and hydrogeological concepts need explanation. The use of current literature aided in identification and classification. From the literature it has come clear that groundwater dependence centers around two issues, water source and water use determination. The use of Geographical Information System (GIS) showed its potential in proof of water sources. Rainfall data and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Uniondale area have been used to do watershed delineation, which is in line with locating GDEs on a landscape. Thus the conceptual approach should be a broad one that sets a basis for both investigation (scientific research) and institutional arrangements (management). / South Africa

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Table Mountain Group (TMG) Aquifer is the second largest aquifer system in South Africa, after dolomites. This aquifer has the potential to be a signinficant source of water for the people of the Western Cape. The occurrence of hot water springs in the TMG in relation with the main geological fault systems in SOuth Africa shows that deep flow systmes do exist. Little is known about these deep aquifer systems in South Africa (i.e. flow mechanisms). To close the above-mentioned knowledge gap, this study was initiated. The current study gave a review of some of the aspects that needs to be considered when distinguishing deep groundwater from shallow groundwater. / South Africa

A widely observed pattern in nature is a positive relationship between local abundance and spatial distribution. This study investigates this relationship amongst three taxa namely rodents, millipedes and trees on regenerating and unmined coastal dune forests at Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal. No sensible analyses were possible on the rodent data. Both millipedes and trees had a positive relationship between local abundance and distribution (measured as species incidence). Millipedes showed no changes in the relationship with changes in habitat regeneration time. For trees, the regression slope decreased with time due to changes in abundance and incidence of Acacia karroo. Lack of bimodality in incidence frequency distributions ruled the core-satellite metapopulation hypothesis out as a mechanism producing the positive abundance-incidence relationship. The resource availability hypothesis was a most likely mechanism. This study confirmed that rare species tend to be restricted in both abundance and incidence. / Dissertation (MSc (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted