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Social comparison test using women's subjective and physiological reactivity to thin and average size modelsTamez, Jeannine Paola 15 May 2009 (has links)
The current study examined the subjective and physiological reactivity to body
image stimuli among females engaging in a social comparison task. Study I was
conducted to select images of thin and average size models and neutral objects for Study
II. For Study II, fifty-six female undergraduate students had their skin conductance and
startle reflex responses recorded while comparing themselves to images featuring thin
models, average size models, and neutral objects. Following the visual presentation,
participants rated every image using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) rating scale.
Analysis from the SAM ratings scale revealed a significant picture type effect for
arousal, dominance, and body satisfaction, indicating that participants reported greater
arousal, more body dissatisfaction, and less control after viewing images of thin models
than after viewing images of normal models and neutral objects. With regards to the
psychophysiological data, results indicated that startle reflex responses were inhibited
during the presentation of thin models in comparison to average size models and neutral
objects. Moreover, startle reflex responses were inhibited for average size models in
comparison to neutral objects. The finding that startle reactivity to model images was
inhibited with respect to neutral images suggests pictures of models were processed affectively as pleasant, positive stimuli. The finding that startle reactivity to thin models
was inhibited with respect to average size models suggests that thin model images
elicited differentially greater positive affect than average size models. For skin
conductance, analysis revealed no significant picture type effect. Taken together, the
results of this study highlight the influence of social comparison processes on affectivity
reactivity to body image. Future research directions are discussed.
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Social comparison, ethnicity, body image, and media exposure to thin-ideal models: an experimental studyWarren, Cortney Soderlind 02 June 2009 (has links)
Social comparison theory offers a useful conceptual framework to understand
how mainstream American sociocultural values of appearance may shape the
development of body image disturbance and eating disorders. Some experimental
research demonstrates that women report significantly greater increases in negative
affect and body image disturbance and decreases in self-esteem after viewing thin
models than after viewing inanimate objects, normal-weight models, and overweight
women. The main goal of this study was to investigate whether the effects of viewing
thin models are influenced by the ethnicity of the observer and/or the ethnic and racial
similarity of the model to the observer. In addition, the study tested the extent to which
social comparison tendency, trait appearance evaluation, ethnic identity, and racial
identity may moderate these effects. In study 1, women rated the race, attractiveness, and
thinness of a group of ethnically diverse models. Study 2 assessed affect, self-esteem,
and body image in Euro-American (n = 105), African-American (n = 91), and Latina (n
= 111) women before and after viewing ethnically self-similar models, self-different
models, or control images. Results indicated that ethnic similarity between model and participants influenced affect such that increased social comparison tendency in Latina
participants predicted increased negative affect after viewing Latina models.
Additionally, the type of media images viewed and proposed moderators influenced
affect and body image. As predicted, positive appearance evaluation was more strongly
associated with positive feelings about one’s weight after viewing models and, in
African-American and Latina women, increased idealization of Whiteness was
associated with decreased positive feelings regarding one’s weight after viewing White
models. Unexpectedly, increased social comparison tendency was associated with
increased positive affect after viewing African-American models whereas increased
social comparison tendency was associated with less positive affect after viewing Latina
models. Finally, independent of media exposure, African-American women reported
higher appearance-based self-esteem and body image than Euro-American and Latina
women and increased social comparison tendency, decreased positive appearance
evaluation, decreased ethnic identity, and increased racial identity idealizing Whiteness
were each associated with undesirable levels of self-esteem and body image. Clinical
implications and directions for future research are provided.
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Male body image: testosterone's response to body comparisonsBrown, Joshua D. 16 August 2006 (has links)
Although there have been only a few etiological studies that have examined the
development and maintenance of body image in males, research fairly consistently
reports that exposure and presumed comparison to images of ideal male bodies increases
body dissatisfaction. Social comparison provides individuals with a mechanism by
which to evaluate their body appearance to those around them. When individuals
compare their bodies to those of others, they are attempting to gauge their standing or
status relative to those around them, the results of which have inherent status
implications. There is increasing empirical evidence that suggests perceived increases in
status result in increased testosterone levels, whereas testosterone decreases when status
is perceived as having been diminished. Thus, the core of the present study: can the
process of comparing the appearance of oneÂs body to that of others affect the
testosterone levels, body satisfaction, and mood of males?
To examine the above research questions, a two-part study was designed. A pilot
study was conducted with 117 male undergraduates primarily to examine the
psychometrics of measures to be used in the main study. The measures appeared psychometrically sound and were thus used in the main study. In the main study, 129
male undergraduates were exposed to photographs of one of three male body types (i.e.,
lean/muscular, skinny, average) to determine whether or not exposure to the different
body types differentially affected participants testosterone levels, body satisfaction, and
mood. Results indicate that testosterone levels decreased over the course of the
experiment in each of the three groups; however, the body type to which participants
were exposed did not differentially affect participants testosterone levels. Body
dissatisfaction was greater among participants who viewed lean/muscular bodies than
those who viewed average bodies. Lastly, mood was not differentially affected by
viewing different types of male bodies. Implications and possible explanations for these
results are discussed.
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The effects of priming body shape on men's selective exposure to magazine advertising featuring models with ideal and non-ideal body shapes A social comparison approach /Romero, Joshua Paul, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-33).
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The relationships among self-perceived body image, interaction involvement, and interpersonal communication motivesMiller, Suzanna D'ette. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 33 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-27).
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An examination of body dissatisfaction and media exposure /Kirchmeyer, Richard H. Unknown Date (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-39).
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Relationship among membership in recognized student organizations on body image satisfaction and eating behaviors of university students /Cavallero, Beth G., January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98).
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Patients' knowledge and compliance with post-hospitalization prescriptions as related to body image and teaching formatBille, Donald Allen, January 1975 (has links)
Thesis--University of Wisconsin-Madison. / Photocopy of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1977. -- 21 cm. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-185).
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Ecological context as a predictor of third grade children's weight statusMosunic, Christopher J. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D. in Psychology)--Vanderbilt University, 2004. / Title from PDF title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
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A correlational study of the impact of media influence on the body image of adolescent femalesWickman, Laurel J. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.
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