Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 168 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

O Exame de Medula Óssea (EMO) permite avaliação citológica da medula, sendo útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento de desordens hematológicas, quando exames mais simples não são suficientes para esclarecer o quadro clínico. Investigação clínica e laboratorial completa deve ser realizada para garantir que a indicação apropriada exista. São requeridas pelo menos duas colorações (Romanowsky e Azul da Prússia), onde devem ser avaliadas a qualidade da amostra, celularidade global da mesma, contagem diferencial de células nucleadas, relação Mielóide/Eritróide bem como cuidadosa avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa das três linhagens hematopoéticas (Granulocítica, Eritróide e Megacariocítica). O EMO fornece informações relevantes no diagnóstico e monitoramento de Leucemias/Linfomas, Mieloma Múltiplo (MM), Síndrome Mielodisplásica (SMD), Aplasia medular, doença metastática na Medula Óssea (MO), infecções em HIV positivos, febre de origem desconhecida e investigação de citopenias. Tendo em vista a classificação da OMS de 2008 para neoplasias mielóides e leucemias agudas cabe ressaltar a importância de unir achados citogenéticos, dentre os quais se destacam atualmente as mutações gênicas FLT3, KIT, NPM1 e CEBPA, aos achados morfológicos, imunofenotípicos, citoquímicos e clínicos, alcançando desta forma marcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos precisos que servem como guia para um tratamento eficaz. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as principais indicações para o EMO no HCPA bem como verificar a acurácia das mesmas. Foram analisados 400 pacientes submetidos ao EMO na Unidade de Hematologia do HCPA no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2009, tendo sido resgatados todos os resultados do Aspirado de Medula Óssea bem como dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes obtidos do prontuário médico. Verificou-se que cerca de metade dos pacientes submetidos ao EMO em nosso centro são para controle de tratamento, o que está de acordo com as características do mesmo, o qual é referência regional para tratamento de doenças malignas. Nos pacientes que realizam o exame com propósito diagnóstico as indicações principais são suspeita de Leucemia e MM. Nos 260 pacientes com suspeita de doença hematológica primária observou-se confirmação da mesma em 61% dos casos, nos 39% restantes foram encontradas alterações qualitativas e/ou quantitativas (29%), MO normal (7%) e amostra insuficiente/diluída (3%). Dos pacientes que fizeram o exame com propósito diagnóstico 20.5% não fizeram biópsia. Com relação à acurácia da indicação, encontrou-se que 7 pacientes (2%) provavelmente não deveriam ter sido submetidos a este procedimento. Ressaltamos a importância de realizar em todos os casos Aspirado e Biópsia de MO simultaneamente uma vez que seus achados devem ser correlacionados e se a Biópsia for omitida o patologista pode não obter a informação máxima requerida. / The Bone Marrow Examination (BME) permits cytological assessment of Marrow, being useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders, when simpler tests are not sufficient to clarify the clinical picture. Are required at least two colors (Romanowsky and Prussian blue), it should be evaluated the quality of the sample, the same overall cellularity, differential count of nucleated cells, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio and carefull evaluation quantitative / qualitative from the three lineages of hematopoietic (granulocytic, erythrocytic and megakaryocytic). The BME provides information relevant to diagnosis and follow-up of leukemia/lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), marrow aplasia, bone marrow (BM) metastatic disease , infections in HIV positive, pyrexia of unknown origin and investigation of cytopenias. The 2008 classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia highlight the importance of join cytogenetic findings - bring out currently FLT3, KIT, NPM1 and CEBPA gene mutations - to the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical and clinical findings reaching this way accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers that serve as a guide to effective treatment. This study aims to identify the main indications for the BME at HCPA and to verify their accuracy. It were analyzed 400 patients submitted to BME in the Hematology Unit of HCPA in the period January to December 2009, having been rescued the bone marrow aspirate results as well as all relevant clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records. It was found that about half of patients submit BME in our center are to control treatment, which agrees with the characteristics of it, it is a regional referral center for treatment of malignancies. In patients who perform the test with diagnostic purpose the main indications were suspected leukemia and MM. In 260 patients with suspected primary hematological disease 61.2% turned out to be the case, the remaining 38.8% had quantitative and/or qualitative BM alterations (29.6%), normal MO (6.5%) and insufficient sample or diluted (2.7%). Of the patients who took the exam with diagnostic purpose 20.5% had no biopsy. With respect to accuracy of indication, it was found that 7 patients (2%) probably should not have undergone this procedure. We emphasize the importance of performing in all cases aspirate and biopsy since their findings must be correlated and furthermore if the biopsy is omitted the pathologist can not get the maximum information required.

O Exame de Medula Óssea (EMO) permite avaliação citológica da medula, sendo útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento de desordens hematológicas, quando exames mais simples não são suficientes para esclarecer o quadro clínico. Investigação clínica e laboratorial completa deve ser realizada para garantir que a indicação apropriada exista. São requeridas pelo menos duas colorações (Romanowsky e Azul da Prússia), onde devem ser avaliadas a qualidade da amostra, celularidade global da mesma, contagem diferencial de células nucleadas, relação Mielóide/Eritróide bem como cuidadosa avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa das três linhagens hematopoéticas (Granulocítica, Eritróide e Megacariocítica). O EMO fornece informações relevantes no diagnóstico e monitoramento de Leucemias/Linfomas, Mieloma Múltiplo (MM), Síndrome Mielodisplásica (SMD), Aplasia medular, doença metastática na Medula Óssea (MO), infecções em HIV positivos, febre de origem desconhecida e investigação de citopenias. Tendo em vista a classificação da OMS de 2008 para neoplasias mielóides e leucemias agudas cabe ressaltar a importância de unir achados citogenéticos, dentre os quais se destacam atualmente as mutações gênicas FLT3, KIT, NPM1 e CEBPA, aos achados morfológicos, imunofenotípicos, citoquímicos e clínicos, alcançando desta forma marcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos precisos que servem como guia para um tratamento eficaz. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as principais indicações para o EMO no HCPA bem como verificar a acurácia das mesmas. Foram analisados 400 pacientes submetidos ao EMO na Unidade de Hematologia do HCPA no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2009, tendo sido resgatados todos os resultados do Aspirado de Medula Óssea bem como dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes obtidos do prontuário médico. Verificou-se que cerca de metade dos pacientes submetidos ao EMO em nosso centro são para controle de tratamento, o que está de acordo com as características do mesmo, o qual é referência regional para tratamento de doenças malignas. Nos pacientes que realizam o exame com propósito diagnóstico as indicações principais são suspeita de Leucemia e MM. Nos 260 pacientes com suspeita de doença hematológica primária observou-se confirmação da mesma em 61% dos casos, nos 39% restantes foram encontradas alterações qualitativas e/ou quantitativas (29%), MO normal (7%) e amostra insuficiente/diluída (3%). Dos pacientes que fizeram o exame com propósito diagnóstico 20.5% não fizeram biópsia. Com relação à acurácia da indicação, encontrou-se que 7 pacientes (2%) provavelmente não deveriam ter sido submetidos a este procedimento. Ressaltamos a importância de realizar em todos os casos Aspirado e Biópsia de MO simultaneamente uma vez que seus achados devem ser correlacionados e se a Biópsia for omitida o patologista pode não obter a informação máxima requerida. / The Bone Marrow Examination (BME) permits cytological assessment of Marrow, being useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders, when simpler tests are not sufficient to clarify the clinical picture. Are required at least two colors (Romanowsky and Prussian blue), it should be evaluated the quality of the sample, the same overall cellularity, differential count of nucleated cells, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio and carefull evaluation quantitative / qualitative from the three lineages of hematopoietic (granulocytic, erythrocytic and megakaryocytic). The BME provides information relevant to diagnosis and follow-up of leukemia/lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), marrow aplasia, bone marrow (BM) metastatic disease , infections in HIV positive, pyrexia of unknown origin and investigation of cytopenias. The 2008 classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia highlight the importance of join cytogenetic findings - bring out currently FLT3, KIT, NPM1 and CEBPA gene mutations - to the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical and clinical findings reaching this way accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers that serve as a guide to effective treatment. This study aims to identify the main indications for the BME at HCPA and to verify their accuracy. It were analyzed 400 patients submitted to BME in the Hematology Unit of HCPA in the period January to December 2009, having been rescued the bone marrow aspirate results as well as all relevant clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records. It was found that about half of patients submit BME in our center are to control treatment, which agrees with the characteristics of it, it is a regional referral center for treatment of malignancies. In patients who perform the test with diagnostic purpose the main indications were suspected leukemia and MM. In 260 patients with suspected primary hematological disease 61.2% turned out to be the case, the remaining 38.8% had quantitative and/or qualitative BM alterations (29.6%), normal MO (6.5%) and insufficient sample or diluted (2.7%). Of the patients who took the exam with diagnostic purpose 20.5% had no biopsy. With respect to accuracy of indication, it was found that 7 patients (2%) probably should not have undergone this procedure. We emphasize the importance of performing in all cases aspirate and biopsy since their findings must be correlated and furthermore if the biopsy is omitted the pathologist can not get the maximum information required.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ct_me_botfm.pdf: 2586546 bytes, checksum: 0fa98dd82d7160414a5cffb84658a089 (MD5) / Fundação Amaral Carvalho / A infiltração de MO por tumores não-hematológicos tem sido descrita desde 1935 e, mais recentemente, desperta interesse da comunidade científica, pois inúmeros trabalhos têm relacionado a presença de células tumorais na MO com o processo de carcinogênese e a progressão tumoral. O presente estudo teve por objetivo o levantamento dos casos com diagnóstico de mielopatia infiltrativa por tumores nãohematológicos, provenientes da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP e do Hospital Amaral Carvalho – Jaú, avaliados, retrospectivamente, no período de 1998 a 2008 (num universo de 15.191 coletas de MO). Incluímos 193 pacientes, dos quais 171 eram adultos e 22 crianças (idade ≤ 21 anos), com paridade entre os sexos (1:1) e mediana de idade de 55 anos. Foram analisados dados clínicos, diagnóstico e estadiamento do tumor primário, sítios de metástases, características laboratoriais (hemograma e marcadores tumorais séricos), características da MO, tratamento e a relação desses fatores com a sobrevida dos pacientes, através do programa de estatística SPSS®. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os tumores que mais frequentemente infiltraram a MO nos adultos foram: tumores de mama, próstata e sítio primário indeterminado, e neuroblastoma nas crianças. A análise da MO revelou positividade de 80% para mielograma e BMO, e presença de fibrose em 32% dos pacientes (40%, quando associados a áreas de necrose no mesmo material). Na avaliação hematológica observamos: anemia, alteração de leucócitos e plaquetopenia. Houve diferença, estatisticamente significante, com maior mediana de sobrevida global (p= 0,000) para pacientes do sexo feminino, portadores de adenocarcinoma de mama, em estádios iniciais e que receberam algum tipo de tratamento (quimio, radio e/ou hormonioterapia). Na análise de sobrevida, a partir do diagnóstico de mielopatia infiltrativa, houve... / Bone marrow (BM) infiltration by nonhematopoietic tumors has been described since 1935, and a increased number of papers about this topic have been published. Some of the studies have related the relationship between the presence of peripheral circulating tumors cells, bone marrow infiltration, carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This study has, as essential objective, the evaluation of infiltrative mielopathy by nonhematopoietic tumors from Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP and Hospital Amaral Carvalho – Jaú. Data were analised retrospectively from 1998 January to 2008 August (15.191 bone marrow samples). We have included 193 patients. One hundred seventy one were adults and 22 were children (considered age ≤ 21 years), with similar number of patients by gender, and median age 55 years. Medical records from the selected patients were analised, with focus on clinical aspects, primary site of tumor, initial stage, metastatic sites, hematologic and bone marrow features, treatment and the relationship between this data and survival. Results have demonstrated that most frequent solid tumors in adults were breast cancer, prostate cancer and undetermined primary site, and neuroblastoma among children. Bone marrow revealed infiltration in 80% of samples by myelogram and BM biopsy, and fibrosis in 32% (40% when associated with necrosis area). We observed anaemia, leukocyte alterations and thrombocytopenia as hematologic features. There were significant differences in global survival, wich was better among female patients, diagnosis of breast cancer, initial clinical stages and who has received any type of treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or hormoniotherapy). When we analised survival since diagnosis of infiltrative mielopathy, adult patients with leucoeritroblastic reaction and trombocytopenia, and undetermined primary site tumors, melanoma or gastrointestinal tumors had... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is being used ever more widely for advanced and refractory malignancies. The family unit and individual members are profoundly affected by this treatment process. Few studies have examined the effect of parental BMT on the family, and there are no known studies which have investigated the impact of parental BMT on children. A descriptive design with longitudinal data from 61 children, ages 10-18, examined children’s adaptation, characterized as emotional and behavioral response, during the acute phase of parental BMT. The study included 3 time points: pre-transplant, during parental hospitalization, and one month after transplantation. The Response to Stress Questionnaire, and subscales from the Child Health Questionnaire and Family Environment Scale were used to assess child, parent, and family variables associated with child adaptation. Child emotional and behavioral response significantly improved over the course of the parent’s transplant, and significant changes in children’s use of coping strategies at each time point were found. The model accounted for 27% to 46% of the explained variance in child behavioral response, and accounted for 41% of the explained variance in emotional response prior to the parent’s BMT and one month after BMT. The model did not explain the variance of child emotional response, however, during the parent’s hospitalization. Family structural change, family conflict, and disengagement coping were found to be the predominant variables significantly associated with more negative child behavioral response across the transplant trajectory. Female child gender and increased use of disengagement coping before the parent’s BMT, autologous BMT during the parent’s hospitalization, and increased family structural change when the parent returned home one month later were significantly associated with more negative emotional response in children. Additional cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, using mixed methods, and include both parent and child data, are needed to substantiate the validity of findings. The data also suggests that significant variables in this model could be further studied for their association with one another and for refining a more accurate and inclusive model that may better explain children’s adaptation.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医科学) / 乙第13588号 / 論医科博第11号 / 新制||医科||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 河本 宏, 教授 金子 新 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

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The liver is the largest solid organ in the body and is frequently the site of injury. During disease, liver injury is usually compensated for by exceptionally efficient regeneration which occurs both from differentiated epithelia and also from an undifferentiated cell population with stem cell like qualities known as hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). HPCs are particularly active during massive or chronic liver injury and therefore are an attractive target for much needed novel therapies to enhance regeneration in patients for whom the only current effective therapy is liver transplantation. Stem cells in other organs systems are believed to reside in a specialised microenvironment or niche which supports their maintenance and function. To investigate the hypothesis that HPCs are supported by a functional niche and are capable of regenerating hepatocytes, we commenced by establishing a number of murine in vivo models. Having shown a stereotypical niche, consisting of macrophages, myofibroblasts and laminin exists in both animal models and human disease, we investigated the active recruitment of extrahepatic cells into this niche and showed that macrophages are actively recruited from the bone marrow during liver injury. Macrophages were shown to influence HPC behaviour during injury. Furthermore using macrophages as a cellular therapy, induced HPC activation with corresponding changes to liver structure and function. Investigation of signalling pathways revealed and confirmed a TWEAK dependent activation of HPCs following macrophage transfer. Having demonstrated the potential for macrophage therapy via HPC activation, we aimed to study the ability of HPCs to regenerate the hepatic parenchyma. To do so we developed and characterised a novel model of hepatocellular injury and HPC activation. Using the genetic labeling of hepatocytes in this model we were able to show rapid and large scale repopulation of hepatocytes from a precursor source with HPCs being the critical precursor source of hepatocellular regeneration. In addition this process is again dependent on TWEAK signalling, without which HPC mediated regeneration fails resulting in mortality. Therefore HPCs are an attractive biological target for regenerative medicine, and both TWEAK signalling and autologous macrophage infusion offer genuine potential to manipulate these cells as future therapies.