Brewing has a long history in this country--first making an appearance in 1620 with the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. Today, beers can be easily categorized into one of two types: 1) industrial, and 2) craft. The focus of this paper is on this second type, the "craft beer" and the so-called "renaissance" it experienced during the 1980s. In 1983, there were only 43 operating breweries in the United States--today there are over 3,000 (Brewers Association, 2014). The resource- partitioning model, established within the organizational ecology field, has been used to explain this rapid growth (Carol & Swaminathan, 2000). However, of particular interest to me, are the reasons for why craft breweries are so appealing to consumers. Pulling from literatures in Urban, Cultural, and Economic Sociology, I argue that the key characteristic that has allowed craft breweries to experience such success is their apparent "authenticity" (Zukin, 2010; Brown-Saracino, 2007; Peterson & Anand, 2004; Sherman, 2007). To date, the majority of analyses focused on "authenticity" have centered its creation within the realm of production (Johnston & Baumann, 2007). It is true that craft breweries cultivate a sense of "authenticity" based on their location, as well as the well curated image they project within their own space. However, I argue that it is through the consumption experience, in which both producers and consumers play a crucial role, that craft breweries are able to further cultivate this "authentic" image, as well as hold onto it (Jones et al., 2005; Sherman, 2007). The idea that "authenticity" is not only found within the realm of production, but also consumption (such as at coffee shops and restaurants), has been explored by sociologists such as Richard Lloyd and Sharon Zukin (Lloyd, 2006; Zukin, 2011). It is my intent to explore the ways in which this is the case at breweries, as well as the variables, such as space and place, that contribute to the experience of "authenticity."

BACKGROUND: Cell salvage (CS) techniques are used to reduce exposure to allogeneic packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, some studies suggest that inappropriate use of these techniques is associated with increased incidences of thrombocytopenia, excessive bleeding, and transfusion of non-red blood cell blood products, including fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and platelets. Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at higher risk for increased perioperative bleeding and blood product transfusion requirement. To date, limited evidence supports the use of CS to reduce pRBC transfusion in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the efficacy of systematic use of CS in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) compared to a historic cohort of children in whom CS was not used. Our primary endpoints included the incidences of pRBC, cryoprecipitate, and platelets transfusion occurring within 48 hours after CPB. METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical chart review to study all neonates and children who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB between January 2013 and December 2014 at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH). Considering that CS has been systematically applied at BCH since January 2014, children were separated into a control group (before January 2014) and a CS group (after January 2014). Children treated with CS before January 2014 were excluded. We used uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of CS on the odds of blood products transfusion. RESULTS: Among 1228 patients included in the analysis, 730 were included in the CS group and 498 in the control group. The results of our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age < 12 months (odds ratio (OR): 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.26-3.84), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) > 3 (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.26-3.84), Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery score (RACHS) > 3 (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.28-2.49), and the use of CS (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73) were good predictors for perioperative transfusion. Using univariable analysis, the use of CS was associated with a significant reduction in pRBC transfusion (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96, p = 0.021), but a significant increase in cryoprecipitate (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08-1.76, p = 0.009) and platelets transfusions (OR: 1.37 95% CI: 1.08- 1.76, p = 0.004). However, after adjustment for age < 12 months, ASA > 3, and RACHS > 3, the use of CS significantly reduced pRBC transfusion (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, p < 0.001), with no effect on cryoprecipitate (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.83-1.41, p = 0.543) and platelets transfusions (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.81-1.36, p = 0.694). CONCLUSION: The use of CS in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB significantly reduced the incidence of pRBC transfusion. Although the systematic use of CS in adults has been associated with an increased incidence of non-pRBC transfusions, the use of CS in a high risk pediatric population (age < 12 months, ASA > 3, RACHS > 3) was associated with a 43% reduction of pRBC transfusion without any increases in cryoprecipitate and platelets transfusions.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University Includes bibliographical references (leaves [115]-117).

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University Vita.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Boston University

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The purpose ot this thesis is to compare two groups of patients, namely those who were given an immediate appointment following intake and those who were assigned after a waiting period. The study is confined to patients treated by social workers in the Boston Veterans Administration Mental Hygiene Clinic. It aims to learn what similarities and differences exist between the two groups; the effect ot a waiting period on patient's stay in treatment; and to determine the relationship of a number of factors to length, and outcome of treatment. According to the literature more stress is placed on motivation in relation to patient's sta7 in treatment than another factor. "The major purpose of the intake interview is to determine motivation, which is important in assessing the patient's treatment potential."2 This study is also curious to learn whether there is a relationship between motivation and length of treatment. It is hoped that this study may show what factors indicate further consideration with regard to patients placed on the waiting list.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the learning difficulties of the child with normal or superior intellectual capacity are related to the mother's emotional problems; further, whether the problems of the mothers studied have a common element; and, finally, whether any general conelusions can be drawn for treatment of mothers whose children have school learning problems . In this study school learning problems are cases where either the child is repeating a grade or is having a difficult time keeping up with his class . The study is based upon an examination of closed cases at the Douglas A. Thom Clinic for Children, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts where the referral problem of the child was that of a learning dirficulty. An examination of the mother- child relationship in these cases may be meaningful in deriving a hypothesis around this problem. Such an examination may be further useful in planning the casework technique or treatment with mothers whose children have such learning problems.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / The Boston Manufacturing Company was established on the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1813. It was America's first modern factory not because it first put the processes of carding, spinning and weaving under one roof, as has often been stated, but because it first put all these processes to work by power. The company had t1velve original proprietors; the three most important were Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson, all Boston merchants who had made fortunes in commerce and who sought new fields for investment when the War of 1812 made shipping unprofitable. Lowell was especially influential, for in 1811 he visited English factories and memorized plans for a power loom--export of textile machinery and emigration of mechanics was strictly prohibited by British law. To superintend its machine shop, the new company fortunately found Paul Moody. His mechanical genius gave the industry many improvements and several inventions. His shop became a "school for mechanics" and, although the company tried to prevent it, many of the workers stayed only long enough to learn, before answering the huge demand for Waltham-trained men in other factories. [TRUNCATED]

Practical theology brings the resources of theology into collaborative relationship with other disciplines in an equitable manner. This study analyses the collaborative relationship between theology and psychology in the delivery of mental health care at the Pastoral Counseling Center at Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts. Specifically, this study investigates: (1) if and how theology collaborates with psychology; (2) if and how theology and psychology function as equitable partners; and (3) the effect, if any, of their collaboration on the clinicians and/or on the mental health care itself. Psychological literature sheds light on the collaboration between theology and psychology. Literature from the field of practical theology gmdes the assessment of theology’s role in that collaboration. Finally, a theological term, “sanctification,” receives in-depth analysis for its facilitative role in the collaboration between theology and psychology. A qualitative research design structures this project. Interviews with twenty one clinicians associated with the Pastoral Counseling Center at Trinity Church provide the primary source of data. On the basis of that data, the study concludes that the discipline of theology can collaborate with psychology and maintain its role as an equitable partner. In addition, the study demonstrates that this collaboration engenders positive effects in the lives of the clinicians, and on the quality of mental health care the Center provides. A process of “sanctification” facilitates collaboration between theology and psychology. This process is formative in the development of the Center’s community and transformative in the lives of the clinicians and for the mental health care delivered under the Center’s auspices. The study also suggests areas suitable for future research, including: (1) the importance of community in the formation and transformation of the clinicians engaged in delivering mental health care; (b) the development of training protocols for clinicians engaged in collaborative mental health care; and (c) investigation of the role and effect of sanctification on collaborative mental health and those who deliver it.