Yes / This paper proposes a new design concept for a steel truss-reinforced concrete box girder which incorporates a steel truss instead of longitudinal bars and stirrups. A comprehensive assessment of the flexural and shear behavior of the proposed steel truss-reinforced concrete box girders was conducted through the testing of twelve girders until failure. All test specimens had the same concrete depth and width of 400 mm and 300 mm, but the length of concrete in the shear and flexural specimens were 3300 mm and 3100 mm, respectively. Moreover, the reinforcing steel truss configuration and member sizes were different. The effects of the angle steel size of the lower chord, vertical webs spacing, shear span ratio and presence of diagonal webs on the cracking, yield and ultimate loads, crack patterns, failure modes, vertical load-deflection curves and strain distribution of these steel truss-reinforced concrete box girders were studied. The test results showed that the flexural capacity of the steel truss-reinforced concrete box girder increases with the increase of angle steel size of the lower chord. Moreover, the spacing of vertical webs and presence of diagonal webs have little effect on the flexural capacity of steel truss-reinforced concrete box girders tested. With the decrease of the shear span ratio and vertical webs spacing, the shear capacity of the steel truss-reinforced concrete box girder increases. Finally, simplified formulae for calculating the flexural and shear capacities of steel truss-reinforced concrete box girders were proposed, showing good agreement with the experimental results.

The diploma thesis deals with the assessment design of two-girder crane bridge for the lifting capacity 50 tons. Span of the crane is 20 meters, wheelbase is 3.15 meters and lifting height is 7 meters. This diploma thesis deals with the numerical solution box beam and using the finite element method is solved buckling. The diploma thesis has been elaborated using the relevant technical literature and standards that contain procedures and recommendations for calculation and designing of bridge cranes.

The diploma thesis deals with the assessment design of two-girder crane bridge for the lifting capacity 50 tons. Span of the crane is 20 meters, wheelbase is 3.15 meters and lifting height is 7 meters. This diploma thesis deals with the numerical solution box beam and using the finite element method is solved buckling. The diploma thesis has been elaborated using the relevant technical literature and standards that contain procedures and recommendations for calculation and designing of bridge cranes.

O presente trabalho faz uma comparação entre resultados obtidos por um método prático e simplificado e o Método dos Elementos Finitos na determinação de esforços solicitantes em pontes celulares curvas em planta, submetidas à protensão. Na primeira parte, teórica, apresenta-se os conceitos fundamentais das vigas celulares curvas, mostrando-se principalmente as diferenças de seu comportamento em relação ao das vigas retas. Em seguida discute-se a protensão de peças de concreto com ênfase no seu efeito em vigas curvas. Finalmente, são apresentados os métodos a serem utilizados no cálculo, percorrendo as diversas situações de carregamento, mas sempre enfatizando o carregamento de protensão. Na segunda parte, prática, é elaborado um estudo comparativo, tomando-se como exemplo duas pontes rodoviárias em viga unicelular, sendo uma biapoiada e outra contínua, submetidas a protensão. Após a construção de modelos, tais vigas são processadas através de um programa comercial de elementos finitos. Alguns resultados são então comparados com aqueles obtidos através do método simplificado, elaborando-se assim observações práticas e que possam ser utilizadas nos projetos corriqueiros de engenharia. / This work compares the results from a practical and simplified method and the Finite Element Method to determinate section efforts in prestressed box-girder curved bridges. The first part, theoretical, introduces the basic principles of the cellular curved beams, showing the differences of its behavior comparing with straight beams. Next, prestressing of concrete members is discussed, emphasizing its effects in curved beams. Finally, calculation methods are presented, covering many loading situations, but always emphasizing the prestressing load. In the second part, practical, a comparative study is elaborated, taking two road unicellular bridges, one simply supported and another continuum, submitted to prestressing load. After models construction, such beams are calculated using a commercial software of Finite Element Method. Then, some results are compared with those calculated by simplified method, thus elaborating practical comments that can be used in the current designs of engineering.

The scheduled replacement of the 8th North Bridge, in Salt Lake City, UT, presented a unique opportunity to test a pre-cast concrete deck, steel girder bridge. A live-load test was performed under the directions of Bridge Diagnostic Inc (BDI) and Utah State University. Six different load paths were chosen to be tested. The recorded data was used to calibrate a finite-element model of this superstructure, which was created using solid, shell, and frame elements. A comparison between the measured and finite-element response was performed and it was determined that the finite-element model replicated the measured results within 3.5% of the actual values. This model was later used to obtain theoretical live-load distribution factors, which were compared with the AASHTO LRFD Specifications estimations. The analysis was performed for the actual condition of the bridge and the original case of the bridge, which included sidewalks on both sides. The comparison showed that the code over predicted the behavior of the actual structure by 10%. For the original case, the code's estimation differed by as much as 45% of the theoretical values. Another opportunity was presented to test the behavior of a cast-in-place concrete box girder bridge in Joaquin County, CA. The Walnut Grove Bridge was tested by BDI at the request of Utah State University. The test was performed with six different load paths and the recorded data was used to calibrate a finite-element model of the structure. The bridge was modeled using shell elements and the supports were modeled using solid elements. The model was shown to replicate the actual behavior of the bridge to within 3% of the measured values. The calibrated model was then used to calculate the theoretical live-load distribution factors, which allowed a comparison of the results with the AASHTOO LRFD Specifications equations. This analysis was performed for the real conditions of the bridge and a second case where intermediate diaphragms were not included. It was determined that the code's equations estimated the behavior of the interior girder more accurately for the second model (within 10%) than the real model of the bridge (within 20%).

The Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program is a 20-year program initiated by the Federal Highway Administration to better understand the behavior of highway bridges as they deteriorate due to environmental variables and vehicle loads. Part of this program includes the periodic testing of selected bridges. The Lambert Road Bridge was subjected to nondestructive testing in the fall of 2009. Part of this testing included a live load test. This test involved driving two heavy trucks across the instrumented bridge on selected load paths. The bridge was instrumented with strain, displacement, and tilt sensors. This collected data was used to calibrate a finite element model. This finite element model was used to determine the theoretical live load distribution factors. Using the controlling distribution factor from the finite element model, the inventory and operating ratings of the bridge were determined. These load ratings were compared to those obtained from using the controlling distribution factor from the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. This thesis also examined how different parameters such as span length, girder spacing, parapets, skew, continuity, deck overhang, and deck thickness affect the distribution factors of box girder bridges. This was done by creating approximately 40 finite element models and comparing the results to those obtained by using the AASHTO LRFD Specifications.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-229). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-229). Also available on the Internet.