Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMRA.pdf: 5275801 bytes, checksum: 8e03e586571c9a0adab0d1525691c66a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-18 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This work describes the phytochemical study of two plant species Galipea bracteata and Ravenia infelix belonging to the family Rutaceae, aiming the isolation and structure determination of componds from leaves and branches of these plants. This work is also directed to the search of trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds from these plants. The following models were used to check the biological activities of the isolated compounds: antiparasitc activity - trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro , enzymatic inhibitory activity on gGAPDH (Glyceraldeyde 3- phosphate dehidrogenase) of T. cruzi and enzymatic inhibitory activity on APRT (Adheninephosphoribosyl- transferase) of Leishmania tarentolae. The leaves extract of G. bracteata afforded tirtheen quinoline alkaloids. Among these compounds seven have been described for the first time: 2-(3 ,4 -methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline, 4- methoxy-2-(propan-1 -ona)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(1 ,2 -transepoxypentyl) quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-n-heptylquinoline, 2-(1 ,2 -transepoxypentyl) quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(3 ,4 - methylenedioxyphenylethyl)quinoline, 4-methoxy-2-(1 ,2 -trans-epoxypropyl)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-n-propylquinoline, 2-n-pentylquinoline, 2-(propan-1 - one)quinoline (inedit), 4-methoxy-2-(pentan-1 -one)quinoline (inedit), 2-(pentan-1 - one)quinoline (inedit), a mixture of steroids campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol, one furoquinoline alkaloid evolitrine, a mixture of seco-furoquinoline alkaloids Edimethylrhoifolinate and Z-dimethylrhoifolinate, a pentacylclic triterpene arborinol and norsesquiterpene 3,5-dihydromegastigma-6,7-diene-9-one. From the branches of R. Infelix were isolated the carbazole alkaloids: 3-methylcarbazole and girinimbin, the steroids: 7-oxo-stigmasterol and 7-oxo-sitosterol, the indol 3-carboxaldeheide and mixtures of amides: N-trans and N-cis-feruloyltyramine, and N-trans and-cis-pcumaroyltyramine. The pure compounds had their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities determined. / O presente trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico de duas espécies de plantas pertencentes à família Rutaceae, no intuito de elucidar estruturas de micromoléculas presentes nas folhas e galhos. O estudo de Galipea bracteata e Ravenia infelix (Rutaceae) está também associado à busca de metabólitos com atividades tripanocida e leishmanicida, através dos seguintes modelos experimentais selecionados para verificação da atividade biológica: atividade antiparasitária forma tripomastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro , inibição enzimática in vitro (gGAPDH - Gliceraldeído- 3-fosfato-desidrogenase de T. cruzi) e inibição enzimática in vitro (APRT Adenina-fosforribosil-transferase de Leishmania tarantolae). Dos extratos das folhas de Galipea bracteata foram isolados treze alcalóides quinolínicos, dentre estas substâncias sete estão sendo descritas pela primeira vez: 2-(3 ,4 - metilenodioxifeniletil)quinolina, 4-metoxi-2-(propan-1 -ona)quinolina (inédita), 4- metoxi-2-(1 ,2 -trans-epoxipentil)quinolina (inédita), 4-metoxi-2-n-pentilquinolina, 4-metoxi-2-n-heptilquinolina, 2-(1 ,2 -trans-epoxipentil)quinolina (inédita), 4-metoxi-2- (3 ,4 -metilenodioxifeniletil)quinolina, 4-metoxi-2-(1 ,2 -trans-epoxipropil)quinolina (inédita), 4-metoxi-2-n-propilquinolina, 2-n-pentilquinolina, 2-(propan-1 - ona)quinolina (inédita), 4-metoxi-2-(pentan-1 -ona)quinolina (inédita), 2-(pentan-1 - ona)quinolina (inédita), mistura dos esteróides campesterol, estigmasterol e β- sitosterol, um alcalóide furoquinolínico evolitrina, uma mistura de alcalóides seco furoquinolínicos E e Z-rhoifolinato de dimetila, o triterpeno pentacíclico arborinol e o norsesquiterpeno 3,5-diidromegastigma-6,7-dieno-9-ona. Dos galhos de R. infelix foram isolados os alcalóides carbazóis: 3-metilcarbazol e girinimbina, os esteróides: 7-oxo-estigmasterol e 7-oxo-β-sitosterol, o indol: indol-3-carboxaldeído e misturas das amidas N-trans e N-cis-feruloiltiramina e N-trans-p e N-cis-p-cumaroiltiramina. Estas substâncias puras foram submetidas a testes para verificação das atividades tripanocida e leishmanicida.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T14:46:25Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Dissertação Parcial (Cap. 3 e 4)_Adriana Lopes.pdf: 10160791 bytes, checksum: fcc358b54975ae883dc9c27425c24503 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T14:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Dissertação Parcial (Cap. 3 e 4)_Adriana Lopes.pdf: 10160791 bytes, checksum: fcc358b54975ae883dc9c27425c24503 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Dissertação Parcial (Cap. 3 e 4)_Adriana Lopes.pdf: 10160791 bytes, checksum: fcc358b54975ae883dc9c27425c24503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Myrtaceae constitutes one of the largest and most important Angiosperm families of the Brazil flora and is concentrated in a single tribe: Myrteae (three sub-tribes: Myrciinae, Eugeniinae, and Myrtinae). Species of this family have been distributed in almost all brazilian biomes. The Myrcia spp. constitutes one of the largest genus belonging to Myrtaceae in number species and chemical and biological studies. These chemical studies of Myrcia spp. have revealed the presence of terpenes, phenolics, and flavonoids, which are responsible for several chemical and biological activities. This dissertation describe the chemical study of Myrcia bracteata, M. citrifolia, and M. fenestrata collected in the Reserva Florestal Adopho Ducke, Manaus (AM), as well as evaluates the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potentials of the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds. The HPLC fractionation of the stems and leaves ethyl acetate extract from Myrcia bracteata had resulted in the isolation of four glycosylated flavonoids. These were characterized, particularly by NMR and MS, as two dihydroflavones (naringenin-7-O-glucoside and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside), one dihydroflavonol (astilbin) and one flavanol (quercitrin). The ANOVA of the results sequestering ability of free radical DPPH• has revealed that the non-aqueous extracts of three species of Myrcia (except the leaves aqueous extract of M. fenestrata) have the lowest values of CS50 (between 37-51%). Among these extracts, the leaves and stems ethanol extracts of M. bracteata have shown signs of the flavonoid hydrogens type in the 1H NMR spectra. The sequential aqueous extract of M. bracteata and naringenin-7-O-glucoside have exhibit inhibitory effects of a-glucosidase enzyme activity by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 20.60 ± 0.08 and 23.27 ± 1.86%, respectively. The leaves aqueous direct extract from Myrcia fenestrata was the only sample that showed inhibitory response against the a-glucosidase enzyme of the intestine of rats, whose value is 55 ± 3%. Therefore, the species M. bracteata shows a source of the antioxidant and hypoglycemic flavonoids, among which three were not yet described on genus and family. Therefore, this work has contributed to the knowledge of the Chemistry of Natural Products from plants of the Amazônia bioma. / Myrtaceae constitui-se uma das maiores e mais importantes famílias de Angiospermas da flora brasileira. Representantes desta família estão distribuídos nos diferentes biomas brasileiros. Myrcia constitui-se um dos maiores gêneros pertencentes à família Myrtaceae em numero de espécies e estudos químicos e biológicos. Estudos químicos de Myrcia spp. revelaram a presença de substâncias do tipo terpênica, fenólica e flavonoídica, as quais são responsáveis por diversas atividades químicas e biológicas. Este trabalho objetivou descrever o estudo químico de M. bracteata, M. citrifolia e M. fenestrata coletadas na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke em Manaus (AM), bem como avaliar os potenciais antioxidante e hipoglicemiante dos extratos, frações e substâncias isoladas. Os fracionamentos por CLAE do extrato em acetato de etila dos caules e das folhas de M. bracteata resultaram no isolamento de quatro flavonoides glicosilados. Esses foram caracterizados, principalmente, por RMN e EM, como sendo duas dihidroflavonas (naringenina-7-O-b-glicosídeo e eriodictiol-7-O-b- glicosídeo), um dihidroflavonol (astilbina) e um flavonol (quercitrina). As Análises de Variância dos resultados de capacidade sequestrante do radical livre DPPH• revelaram que os extratos não aquosos das três espécies de Myrcia apresentaram os menores valores de CS50% (entre 37-51 %). Dentre esses extratos, os etanólicos de folhas e de caules de M. bracteata apresentaram sinais nos espectros de RMN de 1H característicos de substâncias flavonoídicas. O extrato aquoso sequencial das folhas de M. bracteata (MBFpba) e a naringenina-7-O-b- glicosídeo apresentaram efeitos inibitórios da atividade enzimática da a-glicosidase de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em 20,60±0,08 e 23,27±1,86 %, respectivamente. O extrato aquoso direto das folhas de M. fenestrata (MFFa) apresentou resposta inibitória frente à enzima a- glicosidase de intestino de ratos, cujo valor é 55±3%. Portanto, a espécie M. bracteata evidenciou ser uma fonte de flavonoides com atividades antioxidante e hipoglicemiante, dos quais três ainda não foram descritos no gênero e na família. Portanto, este trabalho contribui com o conhecimento da química de produtos naturais de matrizes vegetais da Amazônia.

Vegetative annuals are currently popular in the ornamental horticulture industry. Many crops are newly domesticated species and little is known about how they perform during shipping or in the retail environment. Nine species and 21 cultivars were grown and underwent simulated shipping after harvest or nitrogen toning two weeks before harvest. Shipping was not found to affect the number of flowers on all but two cultivars post ship. Nitrogen toning affected vegetative growth of most Bracteantha bracteata (bracteantha) cultivars at harvest. All species had an effect due to toning postharvest. Bractenatha and Diascia ×hybrida (diascia) were chosen for further study due to their performance during these experiments. The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) as a foliar spray and nitrogen toning on leaf yellowing and plant growth of bracteantha were evaluated. The two treatments were then combined to see how the two treatments worked together. It was found TDZ decreased leaf yellowing but its effects can be negated if the plants were not toned. Nitrogen toning reduced vegetative growth of the bracteantha without affecting the number of flowers on the plants. Diascia was found to have flower abscission in response to shipping. Further trials were conducted using 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) an ethylene inhibitor. The effects of shipping duration and temperature were investigated. 1-MCP was found to hold flowers on treated plants longer postharvest than those not treated. Plants shipped for one day had no differences from the control but shipping for two days had a negative effect on plant quality. Postharvest shelf life was decreased when diascia was shipped at 24 °C when compared to cooler shipping temperatures. These results indicate shipping for no longer than one day and at less than 24 °C is recommended for diascia.