Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / [a] in title is the Greek letter alpha. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Experimental Pathology, Program in Cancer Biology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-158). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Qin, Jing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-218). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iv / Table of Content --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xv / Abbreviations --- p.xvii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Ganoderma spp --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction of Ganoderma spp --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Bioactivities of Ganoderma spp --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Endocrine system and breast cancer --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Estrogen --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Estrogen receptors --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Estrogen responsive genes --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1.3.3.1 --- pS2 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1.3.3.2 --- Progesterone receptor --- p.18 / Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- Androgen --- p.21 / Chapter 1.1.3.5 --- Androgen receptor --- p.23 / Chapter 1.1.3.6 --- Androgen responsive gene --- p.24 / Chapter 1.1.3.6.1 --- Transmembrane prostate androgen-induced RNA --- p.24 / Chapter 1.1.3.6.2 --- Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase --- p.26 / Chapter 1.1.3.7 --- Breast cancer --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Endocrine Disruption of p,p '-DDE" --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Introduction of p´ةp '-DDE --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- "p,p '-DDE in environments" --- p.29 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- "p,p '-DDE in human body" --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- "p,p '-DDE and reproductive system" --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Endocrine disruptor --- p.35 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- "Action mechanism of p,p '-DDE on endocrine system" --- p.37 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Apoptosis --- p.39 / Chapter 1.3 --- Food therapy against endocrine disruption --- p.41 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Food therapy and functional food --- p.41 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Ganoderma as a Functional food --- p.47 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Cancer prevention by dietary agents --- p.47 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Hormone therapy --- p.48 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Hormone-related properties of Ganoderma spp --- p.50 / Chapter 1.4 --- The aim of the study --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 2.1 --- Ganoderma samples --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2 --- Artificial cultivation of Ganoderma spp --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3 --- Molecular identification of Ganoderma spp --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction of genomic DNA --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Purification of PCR amplified product for sequencing --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Cycle-sequencing --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Sequencing --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Sequence analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chemical analyses of Ganoderma spp --- p.59 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Polysaccharide preparations --- p.59 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Terpene profile --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Fatty acid profile --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5 --- Anti-oxidation activities --- p.61 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Superoxide radical scavenging assay --- p.61 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- DPPH radical scavenging assay --- p.62 / Chapter 2.6 --- Anti-proliferation effect on human breast cancer cells --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7 --- Hormone-like effects --- p.63 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- E-screen test --- p.63 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- In vitro estrogen receptors (ERs) competitor binding assays --- p.64 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- "Recombinant yeast cell based ER-, AR- and PGR-responsible promoter assays" --- p.65 / Chapter 2.7.3.1 --- Recombinant yeasts --- p.65 / Chapter 2.7.3.2 --- Growth medium for recombinant yeasts --- p.66 / Chapter 2.7.3.3 --- "ER, AR and PGR assays" --- p.67 / Chapter 2.7.3.4 --- β-Galactosidase assay --- p.67 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Real time PCR --- p.68 / Chapter 2.8 --- Flow cytometry --- p.71 / Chapter 2.9 --- Comet assay --- p.71 / Chapter 2.10 --- DNA microarray --- p.73 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Total RNA isolation --- p.73 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- cDNA synthesis --- p.73 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Preparation of labelled cDNA --- p.74 / Chapter 2.10.4 --- cDNA purification --- p.74 / Chapter 2.10.5 --- Oligo GEArray hybridization --- p.75 / Chapter 2.10.6 --- Chemiluminescent detection --- p.76 / Chapter 2.10.7 --- Data analysis --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1 --- Analysis of Ganderma spp --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Mycelia and fruiting bodies --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Identification of Ganoderma spp --- p.79 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Chemical properties of samples --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Anti-oxidation activities --- p.90 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Anti-proliferation effect on human breast cancer cells --- p.90 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Hormone-like bioactivities --- p.93 / Chapter 3.1.6.1 --- E-screen test --- p.93 / Chapter 3.1.6.2 --- In vitro estrogen receptors (ERs) competitor binding assays --- p.94 / Chapter 3.1.6.3 --- "Recombinant yeast cell-based ER-, AR- and PGR-responsible promoter assays" --- p.95 / Chapter 3.1.6.4 --- ER- and AR-pathway gene expression by real time PCR --- p.97 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Action mechanism of p,p' -DDE" --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- E-screen --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- In vitro estrogen receptors (ERs) competitor binding assays --- p.101 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Recombinant yeast cell based ER- and AR-responsible promoter assays --- p.103 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- ER- and AR-pathway gene expression by real time PCR --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3 --- Ganoderma tsugae mycelia extract against p.p' -DDE --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- E-screen test --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- ER- and AR-pathway gene expression by real time PCR --- p.110 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Analysis of cell cycle --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Analysis of DNA damage --- p.114 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Analysis of sub-G1 peak --- p.117 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- DNA damage and apoptosis relative gene expression by real time PCR --- p.120 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- DNA microarray --- p.121 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 4.1 --- Analysis of Ganoderma spp --- p.131 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects of p.p´ة-DDE --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3 --- Protective effects of G. tsugae against p.p' -DDE --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4 --- Further investigation --- p.159 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.160 / References --- p.162

O tratamento sistêmico é extremamente importante na abordagem clínica do câncer de mama. O presente estudo teve a finalidade de avaliar se a quimioterapia sistêmica é capaz de produzir instabilidade genética representada por instabilidade de microssatélites (MSI) e perda de heterozigosidade (LOH) na fração mononuclear do sangue periférico de pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama. Foram estudadas 119 amostras de sangue, obtidas seqüencialmente antes, durante e após a quimioterapia. Das 30 pacientes avaliadas, 27 apresentaram MSI em pelo menos uma das amostras estudadas e 6 desenvolveram LOH. Uma importante correlação foi obtida entre o número de eventos de MSI por amostra e quimioterápicos com agentes alquilantes (p < 0,0001). Entretanto, quando as amostras foram de pacientes em radioterapia, observou-se um menor número de eventos de MSI por amostra (p=0,038). Concluímos que o tratamento sistêmico pode induzir MSI e LOH em células mononucleares do sangue periférico de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico com agentes alquilantes / Systemic chemotherapy is an important part of treatment for breast cancer. We conduced the present study to evaluate whether systemic chemotherapy could produce microsatellite instability (MSI) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of breast cancer patients. We studied 119 sequential blood samples from 30 previously untreated breast cancer patients before, during and after chemotherapy. In 27 out of 30 patients we observed MSI in at least one sample, and six patients had loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We found a significant correlation between the number of MSI events per sample and chemotherapy with alkylating agents (p < 0.0001). However, when the samples were obtained in patients with radiotherapy we observed low MSI events per samples (p = 0.038). We concluded that systemic chemotherapy may induce MSI and LOH in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from breast cancer patients receiving alkylating agents

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No description available.

Bakgrund: Lymfödem är en besvärande komplikation efter bröstcancerkirurgi. Det kan leda till svullnad, smärta och rörelseinskränkningar i den drabbade armen. Det är ett kroniskt och svårbehandlat tillstånd. Syfte: Att sammanställa vetenskaplig litteratur som beskriver omvårdnadsåtgärder utförda av sjuksköterskan och metoder för egenvård utförda av patienter för prevention och behandling av lymfödem efter bröstcancerkirurgi. Metod: PubMed användes som databas för insamling av artiklar under februari 2016. Fyra kombinationer av sökorden “blood draws”, “lymphedema”, “self-management”, “nurse”, “breast cancer” samt “knowledge” användes. Artiklarna sammanställdes och kvalitetsgranskades. Resultat: Tio relevanta vetenskapliga originalartiklar identifierades; sju med kvantitativ metod och tre med kvalitativ metod. Blodprovstagningar, infusioner, blodtrycksmätningar, trauma och flygresor innebar inte en ökad risk för lymfödem trots rådande rekommendationer om att detta bör undvikas. Patientundervisning från sjuksköterskan och egenvård var viktigt för att förebygga och behandla lymfödem. Patientundervisningen upplevdes emellertid som bristfällig av flertalet patienter och sjuksköterskor måste utveckla sin kompetens inom detta område. Majoriteten av patienterna var medvetna om egenvårdens betydelse, men trots detta utfördes den inte av alla. Bristande kunskap och stöd var två svårigheter som identifierades. Regelbunden träning minskade risken för lymfödem. Slutsats: Vissa rekommendationer om omvårdnadsåtgärder relaterade till lymfödem bör ses över. Patientundervisning tycks vara en förutsättning för egenvård och bör få större utrymme. Egenvård har visat sig effektivt, och strategier för att hantera olika hinder behövs. Sjuksköterskan kan ses som en resurs i omvårdnaden av denna patientgrupp och har en viktig funktion som ansvarig för såväl medicinsktekniska procedurer som patientundervisning och stöd vid egenvård. / Background: Lymphedema is a feared complication after breast cancer surgery, causing swelling, pain and restriction of mobility in the affected arm. This condition is chronic and difficult to treat. Aim: To compile scientific literatur describing nursing activities and methods for self care performed by patients for prevention and treatment of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Methods: The PubMed database was used for data collection during february 2016. Four combinations of the search terms “blood draws”, “lymphedema”, “self-management”, “nurse”, “breast cancer” and “knowledge” were used. A quality review and an analysis of the results were conducted. Results: Ten relevant scientific original articles were identified; seven using a quantitative design and three using a qualitative design. Blood sampling, infusions, blood pressure measurements, trauma and air travel did not increase the risk of lymphedema despite current recommendations that this should be avoided. Patienteducation by nurses and self care were important to prevent and treat lymphedema. However, the education was perceived as inadequate by several patients, suggesting that nurses must expand their knowledge in this area. Although most patients were aware of the importance of self care, it was not performed by everyone. Lack of knowledge and support were two difficulties identified. Regular exercise decreased the risk of lymphedema. Conclusions: Some recommendations concerning nursing care related to lymphedema should be reconsidered. Patienteducation seems to be a condition for self care and should be given greater emphasis. Self care has been proven effective, and strategies for dealing with difficulties are needed. The nurse may be considered as a resource in nursing care for this group of patients and has an important function as responsible for blood sampling, injections and blood pressure readings as well as patienteducation and self care support.

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the clarification of the phenomenon, social support, using a precise definition and a major theoretical perspective as a descriptive guide for the concept, structure; one of the three less abstract representations of social support. Social comparison theory provided the guiding framework for interpretation of how structure relates to help-seeking behavior. Data from the Self-Help Intervention Project (SHIP), an experimental study of women undergoing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, were analyzed. A volunteer non-probability sample was comprised of 307 subjects, Time 1 (baseline), and all 59 of the 307 subjects (Time 2) who were randomly assigned to the control group (no intervention). A descriptive correlational design with a causal modeling approach was used to assess a four-stage conceptual framework: Help-Seeking in Adversity Model. Model predictions were that the individual's innate drive leads to self-appraisal and social comparison which are negatively associated with discrepancy judgment, which is positively associated with help-seeking behavior. Measures similarity perceived/similarity actual were constructed to index the model variable, social comparison. Reliability estimates (two total scales) were α.75 and α.72, respectively. Validity was assessed by face validity and statistically significant pattern of correlations with other variables. Six instruments indexed the conceptual variables. Model parameters were estimated by bivariate and multiple regression statistical techniques. Residual analysis was conducted to estimate violations of causal model and statistical assumptions. Self-appraisal, measured by mastery (B=-.41), and self-belief (B=-.22) and social comparison, measured by similarity actual (B=.27) explained variance in discrepancy judgment (R²=.33), Time 1. Only self-appraisal, measured by mastery (B=-.34) was found to reduce discrepancy judgment, Time 2. Discrepancy judgment was associated with increases in three of the four measures of help-seeking behavior (B=.12, R²=.01; B=.19, R²=.03; B=.17, R²=.03), Time Ii no variance was explained, Time 2. Empirical testings differed from theoretical testings (Time I, Time 2). Differences included (Time 1) Stage II variable explaining help-seeking behavior and (Time 2) only Stage II variables explaining help-seeking behavior. This study represents a beginning effort to provide clarification of the concept, structure.

INTRODUÇÃO: Cardiotoxicidade é frequentemente associada ao uso crônico de doxorubicina (DOX) podendo levar a cardiomiopatia e insuficiência cardíaca. A identificação de miRNAs cardiotoxicidade-específicos e seu potencial como biomarcadores poderia fornecer uma ferramenta prognostica valiosa e uma potencial área de intervenção. METODOLOGIA: Este é um sub-estudo do ensaio clínico prospectivo \"Efeito do Carvedilol na Prevenção da Cardiotoxicidade Induzida por Quimioterapia\" (ensaio CECCY) no qual incluiu 56 pacientes do sexo feminino (idade 49.9±3.3) provenientes do braço placebo. Os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos à quimioterapia com DOX seguido por taxanos. Troponina cardiaca I (cTnI), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) e microRNAs foram mensurados periodicamente. RESULTADOS: Os níveis circulantes de miR-1, -133b, -146a e -423-5p aumentaram significativamente durante o tratamento (18.6, 11.5, 10.6 e 12.1-vezes respectivamente; p < 0.001) enquanto miR-208a e -208b foram indetectáveis. cTnI aumentou de 6.6 ± 0.3 para 46.7 ± 5.5 pg/ml (p < 0.001) enquanto FEVE tendeu a diminuir de 65.3±0.5 para 63.8±0.9 (p=0.053) após 12 meses; deis pacientes (17.9%) desenvolveram cardiotoxicidade. miR-1 foi associado a mudanças na FEVE (r2=0.363, p < 0.001) enquanto miR-1 e -133b foram associados a cTnI (r2 = 0.675 e 0.758; p < 0.001). Além disso, miR-1 antecipou a cardiotoxicidade e mostrou uma area sobre a curva maior que cTnI para discriminar pacientes que desenvolveram cardiotoxicidade daqueles que não desenvolveram (AUC = 0.849 e 456, p<0.001 e 0.663, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem miR-1 como um potencial novo biomarcador de cardiotoxicidade induzida por DOX em pacientes com câncer de mama. Estes resultados podem levar a novas estratégias de detecção precoce do risco de lesão cardíaca induzida por DOX bem como a introdução de uma nova área para intervenção / INTRODUCTION: Cardiotoxicity is frequently associated with the chronic use of doxorubicin (DOX) and may lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Identification of cardiotoxicity-specific miRNA biomarkers could provide clinicians with a valuable prognosis tool and a potential area for intervention. METHODS: This is an ancillary study from the prospective trial \"Carvedilol Effect in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity.\" (CECCY trial) which included 56 female patients (49.9±3.3 age) from placebo arm. Enrolled patients were treated with DOX followed by taxanes. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and miRNAs were measured periodically. RESULTS: Circulating levels of miR-1, -133b, -146a and -423-5p increased along the treatment (18.6, 11.5, 10.6 and 12.1-fold respectively; p < 0.001); miR-208a and -208b were undetectable. cTnI increased from 6.6±0.3 to 46.7 ± 5.5 pg/ml (p < 0.001) while LVEF tended to decrease from 65.3±0.5 to 63.8±0.9 (p=0.053) over 12 months; ten patients (17.9%) developed cardiotoxicity. miR-1 was associated to changes in LVEF (r2=0.363, p < 0.001) while miR-1 and -133b were associated to cTnI (r2 = 0.675 and 0.758; p < 0.001). Furthermore, miR-1 anticipated cardiotoxicity and showed greater area under the curve than cTnI to discriminate between patients who did and did not developed cardiotoxicity (AUC = 0.849 and 456, p < 0.001 and 0.663, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest circulating miR-1 as a potential new biomarker of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. These results may lead to new earlier strategies to detect drug-induced cardiac injury risk before it develops to an irreversible stage or introduce new area for intervention