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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Estudo do perfilamento gênico tumoral e de marcadores de doença residual mínima (CK19 e c-ErbB-2) através de RT-PCR quantitativo na fração mononuclear do sangue periférico em pacientes com câncer de mama durante o tratamento / Study of tumor gene profiling and minimal residual disease markers (CK19 and c-ErbB-2) by quantitative RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear fraction in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy

Kuniyoshi, Renata Kelly 13 November 2013 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: De acordo com a estimativa de 2012 do INCA, eram esperados 52.680 novos casos de câncer de mama no Brasil, com um risco estimado de 52 casos a cada 100 mil mulheres. Estes dados mostram a necessidade da identificação de biomarcadores efetivos para rastreamento precoce e seguimento destas mulheres durante seu tratamento. Neste trabalho, para a avaliação de potenciais biomarcadores desta doença, foi idealizado um modelo laboratorial específico que avalie tanto a capacidade de um dado biomarcador rastrear um tumor inicial de mama, bem como testar o seu potencial valor para o seguimento de mulheres já diagnosticadas durante seu tratamento. Este modelo baseia-se na avaliação de células tumorais circulantes e perfilamento gênico tumoral. MÉTODOS: Amostras biológicas (sangue periférico e tumor) de 167 pacientes diagnosticadas com carcinoma mamário estadios I, II e III com indicação de quimioterapia adjuvante para: a) avaliação da presença de células tumorais circulantes através da expressão de CK19 e HER2 na Fração Mononuclear do Sangue Periférico (FMNSP) por RT-PCR quantitativo e b) perfilamento gênico tumoral através da análise da expressão de 21 genes relacionados a importantes processos de carcinogênese mamária em amostras de tecido parafinado por ensaio multiplex de RT-PCR quantitativo utilizando o sistema Plexor®. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre CK19 e HER2 na primeira coleta e queda da concentração de HER2 no SP durante o tratamento; porém, não foi percebida queda significativa do CK19 ao longo do estudo. A expressão de HER2 na segunda coleta de pacientes positivas para HER2 na primeira coleta tendeu a se correlacionar significativamente com um pior Intervalo Livre de Doença (ILD). Através da padronização da pontuação em quartis das análises realizadas em multiplex pelo sistema Plexor, foi percebido que o quartil superior apresentava ILD significativa pior do que a de pacientes nos demais quartis. Também foi observada uma estratificação do estadio clínico II em pior ou melhor prognóstico de acordo com o quartil de pontuação do teste de perfilamento proposto neste estudo; além disso, verificou-se que pacientes submetidas a tratamento neoadjuvante com pontuações inferiores tenderam a responder melhor à quimioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: Pelas características do comportamento evolutivo no presente estudo, HER2 parece ser melhor como possível biomarcador de células tumorais circulantes do que o CK-19. Até o presente momento do seguimento das pacientes incluídas neste estudo, não foi possível criar um modelo com diversas variáveis para prever o prognóstico de pacientes com câncer de mama. Isto ocorreu principalmente pelas características preditivas prognósticas superiores do perfilamento genético do tumor que desloca fatores de prognóstico tais como células circulantes e estadio clínico, expressão hormonal do tumor e idade de um modelo multivariado. Por outro lado, foi padronizada uma tecnologia genômica complexa que poderá viabilizar seu uso para a população se estudos posteriores confirmarem seu valor em outras coortes de pacientes com câncer de mama / BACKGROUND: According to the estimate of 2012 INCA, were expected 52,680 cases of breast cancer in Brazil, with an estimated risk of 52 cases per 100 000 women. These data show the need for effective identification of biomarkers for early screening and follow-up of these women during their treatment. In this work, for the evaluation of potential biomarkers of this disease, a model laboratory was designed to evaluate both the specific capacity of a given biomarker trace an initial breast tumor, as well as test its potential value for the follow-up of women already diagnosed during their treatment. This model was based on the evaluation of circulating tumor cells and tumor gene profiling. METHODS: Biological samples (peripheral blood and tumor) of 167 patients diagnosed with breast cancer stages I, II and III with an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy: a) to evaluate the presence of circulating tumor cells through the expression of HER2 and CK19 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear fraction (PBMN) by quantitative RT-PCR and b) tumor profiling gene by analyzing the expression of 21 genes related to important processes of mammary carcinogenesis in paraffinized tissue samples by multiplex assay for quantitative RT-PCR using the Plexor ® System. RESULTS: Was observed a significant correlation between HER2 and CK19 in the first collection and decrease in concentration of HER2 in PB during the treatment, but were not perceived significant decrease of CK19 along the study. The expression of HER2 in the second collection of patients positive for HER2 in the first test tended to correlate with a significantly worse disease-free interval (DFI). Through standardization of the scores in quartiles of the analyzes performed at multiplex Plexor system was seen that the upper quartile ILD had significantly worse than patients in the other quartiles. Also stratification was observed in clinical stage II in better or worse prognosis according to quartiles of test score profiling proposed in this study, in addition, it was found that patients submitted to neoadjuvant treatment with lower scores tended to better respond to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: HER2 seems to be better as possible biomarker of circulating tumor cells than the CK-19. So far the monitoring of patients included in this study, it was not possible to create a model with multiple variables to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. This occurred primarily due to the characteristics predictive prognostic upper genetic profiling of tumor that displaces prognostic factors such as circulating cells and clinical stage, tumor hormone expression and age in a multivariate model. In the other hand, was standardized complex genomic technology that may enable their use for the population if further studies confirm its value in other cohorts of patients with breast cancer
12

Clinical studies of immunomodulatory activities of yunzhi-danshen in breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and lingzhi-san miao san in rheumatoid arthritis patients. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection

January 2005 (has links)
Eighty-two patients with breast cancer, twenty-seven patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and sixty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis in this study were selected based on voluntary, randomization and double blind grouping criteria. / In nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, the decrease in percentage and the absolute count of T lymphocytes in the TCM group was significantly lower than those in the placebo group. Besides, the decrease of the absolute count of T helper and T suppressor in the TCM group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (all p < 0.05). The decrease may be due to radiotherapy. However, there was no significant difference in plasma sIL-2R and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) between the TCM group and the placebo group. / In rheumatoid arthritis patients, there was no significant difference in plasma. C-reactive protein (CRP), in the percentage, absolute count, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+/NK/B lymphocytes between the TCM group and the placebo group. / Results showed that the absolute count of T helper lymphocytes (CD4+), the ratio of T helper lymphocytes (CD4+)/T suppressor and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+), and the percentage and the absolute count of B lymphocytes were significantly elevated in the patients with breast cancer after taking Yunzhi-Danshen capsules, while plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentration was significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). / This study shows that the selected traditional Chinese medicine have determinable immunomodulatory effects in patients with cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat chronic diseases and tumor allegedly by immunomodulatory mechanisms. Breast cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer are prevalent carcinoma diseases in Hong Kong. The immune system of such patients could be adversely affected during the course of conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the joints. The aim of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory effects of TCM Yunzhi-Danshen in auxiliary treatment of both kinds of cancer patients, and Lingzhi (Ganoderma Lucidum)-San Miao San ( Atractylodes lancea, Phellodendron amurense and Achyranthes bidentata B1) in supplementation treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. / by Bao Yixi. / "July 2005." / Adviser: Wai-Kei Lam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0166. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-167). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.
13

Estudo do perfilamento gênico tumoral e de marcadores de doença residual mínima (CK19 e c-ErbB-2) através de RT-PCR quantitativo na fração mononuclear do sangue periférico em pacientes com câncer de mama durante o tratamento / Study of tumor gene profiling and minimal residual disease markers (CK19 and c-ErbB-2) by quantitative RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear fraction in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy

Renata Kelly Kuniyoshi 13 November 2013 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: De acordo com a estimativa de 2012 do INCA, eram esperados 52.680 novos casos de câncer de mama no Brasil, com um risco estimado de 52 casos a cada 100 mil mulheres. Estes dados mostram a necessidade da identificação de biomarcadores efetivos para rastreamento precoce e seguimento destas mulheres durante seu tratamento. Neste trabalho, para a avaliação de potenciais biomarcadores desta doença, foi idealizado um modelo laboratorial específico que avalie tanto a capacidade de um dado biomarcador rastrear um tumor inicial de mama, bem como testar o seu potencial valor para o seguimento de mulheres já diagnosticadas durante seu tratamento. Este modelo baseia-se na avaliação de células tumorais circulantes e perfilamento gênico tumoral. MÉTODOS: Amostras biológicas (sangue periférico e tumor) de 167 pacientes diagnosticadas com carcinoma mamário estadios I, II e III com indicação de quimioterapia adjuvante para: a) avaliação da presença de células tumorais circulantes através da expressão de CK19 e HER2 na Fração Mononuclear do Sangue Periférico (FMNSP) por RT-PCR quantitativo e b) perfilamento gênico tumoral através da análise da expressão de 21 genes relacionados a importantes processos de carcinogênese mamária em amostras de tecido parafinado por ensaio multiplex de RT-PCR quantitativo utilizando o sistema Plexor®. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre CK19 e HER2 na primeira coleta e queda da concentração de HER2 no SP durante o tratamento; porém, não foi percebida queda significativa do CK19 ao longo do estudo. A expressão de HER2 na segunda coleta de pacientes positivas para HER2 na primeira coleta tendeu a se correlacionar significativamente com um pior Intervalo Livre de Doença (ILD). Através da padronização da pontuação em quartis das análises realizadas em multiplex pelo sistema Plexor, foi percebido que o quartil superior apresentava ILD significativa pior do que a de pacientes nos demais quartis. Também foi observada uma estratificação do estadio clínico II em pior ou melhor prognóstico de acordo com o quartil de pontuação do teste de perfilamento proposto neste estudo; além disso, verificou-se que pacientes submetidas a tratamento neoadjuvante com pontuações inferiores tenderam a responder melhor à quimioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: Pelas características do comportamento evolutivo no presente estudo, HER2 parece ser melhor como possível biomarcador de células tumorais circulantes do que o CK-19. Até o presente momento do seguimento das pacientes incluídas neste estudo, não foi possível criar um modelo com diversas variáveis para prever o prognóstico de pacientes com câncer de mama. Isto ocorreu principalmente pelas características preditivas prognósticas superiores do perfilamento genético do tumor que desloca fatores de prognóstico tais como células circulantes e estadio clínico, expressão hormonal do tumor e idade de um modelo multivariado. Por outro lado, foi padronizada uma tecnologia genômica complexa que poderá viabilizar seu uso para a população se estudos posteriores confirmarem seu valor em outras coortes de pacientes com câncer de mama / BACKGROUND: According to the estimate of 2012 INCA, were expected 52,680 cases of breast cancer in Brazil, with an estimated risk of 52 cases per 100 000 women. These data show the need for effective identification of biomarkers for early screening and follow-up of these women during their treatment. In this work, for the evaluation of potential biomarkers of this disease, a model laboratory was designed to evaluate both the specific capacity of a given biomarker trace an initial breast tumor, as well as test its potential value for the follow-up of women already diagnosed during their treatment. This model was based on the evaluation of circulating tumor cells and tumor gene profiling. METHODS: Biological samples (peripheral blood and tumor) of 167 patients diagnosed with breast cancer stages I, II and III with an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy: a) to evaluate the presence of circulating tumor cells through the expression of HER2 and CK19 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear fraction (PBMN) by quantitative RT-PCR and b) tumor profiling gene by analyzing the expression of 21 genes related to important processes of mammary carcinogenesis in paraffinized tissue samples by multiplex assay for quantitative RT-PCR using the Plexor ® System. RESULTS: Was observed a significant correlation between HER2 and CK19 in the first collection and decrease in concentration of HER2 in PB during the treatment, but were not perceived significant decrease of CK19 along the study. The expression of HER2 in the second collection of patients positive for HER2 in the first test tended to correlate with a significantly worse disease-free interval (DFI). Through standardization of the scores in quartiles of the analyzes performed at multiplex Plexor system was seen that the upper quartile ILD had significantly worse than patients in the other quartiles. Also stratification was observed in clinical stage II in better or worse prognosis according to quartiles of test score profiling proposed in this study, in addition, it was found that patients submitted to neoadjuvant treatment with lower scores tended to better respond to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: HER2 seems to be better as possible biomarker of circulating tumor cells than the CK-19. So far the monitoring of patients included in this study, it was not possible to create a model with multiple variables to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. This occurred primarily due to the characteristics predictive prognostic upper genetic profiling of tumor that displaces prognostic factors such as circulating cells and clinical stage, tumor hormone expression and age in a multivariate model. In the other hand, was standardized complex genomic technology that may enable their use for the population if further studies confirm its value in other cohorts of patients with breast cancer

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