Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-181). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2672. Adviser: Luisa Franzini. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 16, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1985. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [65]-71.

Objectives: A decrease in Ki67 during neoadjuvant therapy predicts response to tamoxifen. Previous trials have shown a decreased Ki67 in breast tumors with as little as two or more weeks of preoperative tamoxifen. Shortening the preoperative treatment time in window of opportunity clinical trials makes these trials more attractive to women. POWERPIINC examined the effect of 7 days of preoperative tamoxifen on breast tumor proliferation and patient symptoms. Methods: Women with untreated stage I/II, ER-positive, invasive breast cancer with no contraindications to tamoxifen were enrolled. Women received 20 mg of tamoxifen for 7 days up to the day of surgery. Proliferation was assessed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry before and after 7 days of tamoxifen. Symptoms and QOL were assessed by the FACT-ES and MENQOL. Adherence was measured by pill counts. Results: 52 women were enrolled, and 44 were evaluable for Ki67. The median age was 58.5 years, and the median tumor diameter was 1.2 cm. Most women (73%) were post-menopausal. Most tumors were PR positive (88%) and HER2-negative (92%). The Ki67 decreased by a geometric mean of 40% (95% CI 29%-63%), and 73% (95% CI 57%-85%) of women had tumors with decreased proliferation (p = 0.0001 by paired t-test). Adherence to taking tamoxifen during the preoperative period was 100%. Women reported minimal bother from psychosocial or physical symptoms at baseline or on the day of surgery. Conclusion: Seven days of tamoxifen showed a similar relative decrease in Ki67 as that reported for longer courses, was acceptable to women, and could be considered for window of opportunity studies.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in Diagnostic Radiology Johannesburg, 2013 / Palpable solid breast masses that are circumscribed and not calcified on mammogram or ultrasound are probably benign. There is controversy therefore, whether these deserve tissue diagnosis. More data is required to determine whether short term follow up can replace the need for biopsy. Benign appearing lesions greater than 3cm in diameter on ultrasound continue to undergo biopsy due to fear that a malignancy or phyllodes tumour might be missed. Published research reflects patients from Europe and North America, and no relevant data from Africa exists. AIM: This study aims to determine the histological spectrum of sonographically benign lesions greater than 3cm, which were biopsied, in our local population (majority of black patients) and to determine whether biopsy is indicated based on the local cancer risk. The study also aims to characterise the results by age and population group as well as correlate the histological result with the size of the lesion on ultrasound, the HIV status, family history and the seniority of the examining radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of biopsy results of sonographically benign breast masses was undertaken using biopsy procedural recording sheets. . The size of the lesions (continuous variables) mean with standard deviations was determined. The prevalence of lesions was expressed as a percentage. Other categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage. The vi histological spectrum of the lesions was determined. The HIV status and family history of the patients as well as the seniority of the reviewing radiologist was assessed. A Krusskal Wallis test and separate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients (below 40 years of age) were included from a total of 13112 patients (of all ages) seen between 2007 and the end of 2010. 73 lesions were identified (65 benign and 8 malignant). The prevalence of benign lesions was 89.7%. .The prevalence of malignant lesions was 10.29%.There was little evidence to support lesion size for predicting histology (p value = 0.22) or benignity. There was little evidence that the family history and HIV status were significant. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence (10.29%) of malignancies in lesions classified by ultrasound as benign. The size of the lesion did not correlate with histological subtype or whether the lesion was benign or malignant. Training of sonographers, standardization of technique for established users and double reading, may produce a different result, as both junior and senior radiologists mistook malignant lesions for benign ones on ultrasound. Repeating this research using double reading after training may demonstrate whether there is a true higher prevalence of malignancy in ultrasonically benign breast lesions in our community. Until then, routine biopsy of these lesions is recommended.

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais comum no sexo feminino e a segunda causa de óbito por câncer na mulher. Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento da patogênese e dos aspectos moleculares da doença, a exposição prolongada tanto ao estrogênio endógeno quanto exógeno constitui importante fator na carcinogênese mamária. Produtos da degradação e inativação do estrogênio podem ter ação proliferativa e causar danos ao DNA. Genes de baixa penetrância relacionados ao metabolismo hormonal, atuando em conjunto com fatores comportamentais e endógenos, podem ser responsáveis por parte dos casos de câncer de mama, atuando em conjunto a genes de alta penetrância. OBJETIVOS: Analisar polimorfismos no receptor de estrogênio e em genes relacionados ao seu metabolismo em mulheres com e sem câncer de mama, observando suas frequências em cada um dos grupos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas mulheres portadoras de carcinoma mamário recém-diagnosticado, com idade superior a 40 anos e sem histórico de outros tipos de neoplasia maligna (grupo estudo) e mulheres sem câncer de mama, apresentando exame mamográfico normal realizado há no máximo 12 meses, com mais de 40 anos de idade e sem histórico de câncer (grupo controle). Foi realizada coleta de sangue periférico para extração e análise de DNA genômico. Avaliaram-se os polimorfismos em CYP1A1 MspI, CYP3A4*1B, COMT L/L, ESR1 PvuII e XbaI e UGT1A1*28. RESULTADOS: Os polimorfismos em UGT1A1*28 e ESR1 PvuII foram mais frequentes no grupo de mulheres com câncer de mama, porém sem atingir significância estatística. As mutações em ESR1 XbaI, CYP3A4*1B e CYP1A1 MspI foram mais frequentes no grupo controle, também sem significância estatística. Já o genótipo L/L do gene COMT foi mais significativamente mais frequente no grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de polimorfismos em UGT1A1*28 e ESR1 PvuII foi de 16,8% e 39,4% nas mulheres com câncer de mama e 10,8% e 18,3% nas sem câncer. A frequência de mutações em ESR1 XbaI, CYP3A4*1B e CYP1A1 MspI foi de 15,1, 44,2 e 3,6% nas mulheres sem câncer de mama e de 25, 22,2% e 0 nas com câncer de mama. O genótipo L/L do gene COMT foi significantemente mais frequente no grupo controle (28,9 vs. 8,6%), sugerindo que este polimorfismo poderia ser um fator protetor ao câncer de mama na população estudada / INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and second leading cause of cancer death in women. Despite advances in studies on the pathogenesis and molecular aspects of the disease, prolonged exposure to endogenous and exogenous estrogen is an important factor for mammary carcinogenesis. Products of degradation and inactivation of estrogen may have proliferative action and cause DNA damage. Low penetrance genes related to hormone metabolism, acting in conjunction with behavioral and endogenous factors may be responsible for most cases of breast cancer, and together with high penetrance genes. OBJECTIVES: To analyze polymorphisms in genes related to the estrogen receptor and metabolism in patients with and without breast cancer, observing the frequencies in each group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, aged 40 years or more and without history of other types of malignancy (study group) and women without breast cancer, with a normal mammography performed for no more than 12 months, with more than 40 years old and no history of cancer (control group). A sample of peripheral was collected for genomic DNA extraction and analysis. The polymorphisms in CYP1A1 MspI, CYP3A4*1B, COMT L/L, ESR1 PvuII and XbaI and UGT1A1*28 were evaluated. RESULTS: The polymorphisms in UGT1A1*28 and ESR1 PvuII were more frequent in the group of women with breast cancer, without reaching statistical significance. The mutations in ESR1 XbaI, CYP3A4*1B and CYP1A1 MspI were more frequent in the control group, also not statistically significant. The COMT genotype L/L was significantly more frequent in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of polymorphisms in UGT1A1*28 and ESR1 PvuII was 16.8% and 39.4% in women with breast cancer and 10.8% and 18.3% in those without cancer. The frequency of mutations in ESR1 XbaI, CYP3A4*1B and CYP1A1 MspI was 15.1, 44.2 and 3.6% in women without breast cancer and 25, 22.2 and 0% in breast cancer. The L/L genotype of the COMT gene was significantly more frequent in the control group (28.9 vs. 8.6%), suggesting that this polymorphism could be a protective factor against breast cancer in this population

O câncer de mama apresenta alta incidência na população feminina, sendo considerado uma das principais causas de morte por câncer entre mulheres em diversos países; devido a isso, tornam-se essenciais estudos de sobrevivência na área oncológica, para avaliar resultados, fatores relacionados e delinear o comportamento da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a taxa de sobrevida em mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em um serviço de reabilitação de mulheres mastectomizadas, tratadas em hospital universitário de nível terciário, localizado no interior da região Sudeste do país. A coorte foi identificada a partir de busca de atendimentos realizados no núcleo de reabilitação de 1989 a 2014. A coleta foi realizada em dados secundários, complementado por busca no banco do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), contato telefônico e distribuição de cartas. As principais variáveis analisadas foram as sociodemográficas: idade ao diagnóstico, cor da pele, estado civil e procedência; as clínicas e de tratamento: tamanho do tumor, estadiamento, marcadores tumorais, hormonioterapia, cirurgia e radioterapia, entre outras. Os dados foram apresentados de maneira descritiva por meio de números absolutos, medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. As funções de sobrevida foram calculadas por meio do método de Kaplan- Meier, e para comparação entre as curvas foi utilizado o teste Log Rank. O nível de significância considerado para o estudo foi de 0,05. Não foi realizado neste estudo o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a sobrevida global em 60 meses desta população foi de 78,5%. E a sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) foi 75,8% em 60 meses. Apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à ocorrência ao desfecho analisado, que foi o óbito, das características sociodemográficas, apenas as variáveis estado civil (p < 0,007) e escolaridade (p < 0,000). Na análise das curvas de sobrevivência, identificamos uma sobrevivência menor para aquelas mulheres que tiveram até 4 anos de estudo. Referente às características clínicas, o tipo histológico mais frequente foi o CDI com (82,2%); 49,9% apresentavam tumor entre 2 e 5 cm e o estádio clínico predominante no diagnóstico foi o IIA (25,7%), o estadiamento e presença de receptor de hormônio estrógeno e progesterona positivos, apresentaram uma relação estatisticamente significativa com a ocorrência do óbito (p < 0,000) e diferenças significativas nas curvas de sobrevivência. Aquelas que não desenvolveram metástase à distância apresentaram sobrevida de 96,9% em cinco anos, comparado com aquelas que tiveram metástase em 5 anos (50%). Houve significância pelo teste de Log-rank (p<0,000) nessa variável. Os resultados deste estudo fortalecem a importância do diagnóstico precoce através do rastreamento por meio do exame clínico das mamas e de mamografia, aliado ao tratamento eficaz. A análise da sobrevivência dessas mulheres possibilitou conhecer o perfil de mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de saúde, de nível terciário/quaternário, de alta complexidade e de referência. Estas informações são extremamente úteis para os gestores de saúde adotarem medidas voltadas para a prevenção e controle da doença, assim como para avaliações da qualidade do cuidado prestado e acessibilidade ao sistema de saúde / Breast cancer has a high incidence in the female population and is considered a major cause of cancer death among women in many countries, there fore it is essential more survival studies in oncology to evaluate results, related factors and outline the behavior disease. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of women treated in a rehabilitation service of mastectomies at the university hospital of tertiary level, located in the Southeast region of the country. The cohort was identified from search services performed in the rehabilitation center from 1989 to 2014. The data were collected on secondary data, complemented by search the database of the Mortality Information System (MIS), telephone call and distribution of cards. The main demographic variables were: age at diagnosis, skin color, marital status and origin, clinical and treatment: tumor size, stage, tumor markers, hormone therapy, surgery and radiation, among others. The data were presented descriptively by absolute numbers, measures of central tendency and variability. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and to compare the curves we used the log rank test. The level of significance for the study was 0.05. It was not done in this study the model of Cox proportional hazards. The results indicated that overall survival at 60 months of this population was 78.5%, and the specific-survival was 75.8% in 60 months. Only the variables marital status (p <0.007) and education (p <0.000), the sociodemographic characteristics, showed significant differences in the occurrence analyzed the outcome, which was death. In the analysis of the survival curves we identified a lower survival for those women who had up to 4 years of study. Regarding the clinical features, the most common histological type was with CDI (82.2%); 49.9% had tumors between 2 and 5 cm and the predominant clinical stage at diagnosis was the IIA (25.7%), the staging and the presence of the hormone estrogen and progesterone receptor positive showed a statistically significant related to the occurrence of death (p <0.000) and significant differences in survival curves. Those who did not develop distant metastases had a survival rate of 96.9% in five years compared with those who had metastasis in 5 years (50%). There were significant by log-rank test (p <0.000) in this variable. The results of this study reinforce the importance of early diagnosis through screening by clinical breast examination and mammography combined with effective treatment. The analysis of the survival of these women showed the profile of women in reference a public health service, tertiary / quaternary level, high complexity. These informations are extremely useful for health managers to adopt measures aimed at preventing and controlling the disease, as well as the quality of service and accessibility to health care system assessments