The main purpose of this diploma thesis is to study of possibilities of optical amplification, ways of realization optical amplifiers and construction of operational EDFA amplifier . According to gained information and knowledge about optical amplifiers, the basic configuration of EDFA amplifier with posibility of connecting up to two EDFA modules, which uses erbium-dopped fibers for amplification, was made. There was also developed a 3D model of front control panel of the amplifier and placement of particullar items was planned. Next step was the construction of EDFA amplifier device and measuring of its parameters and features.

Room temperature elastic properties of thin supported TiC films, deposited on silicon and silicon carbide substrates and of single Rh-based alloy crystals, Rh3Nb and Rh3Zr, are investigated by the Surface Brillouin Scattering (SBS) technique. Velocity dispersion curves of surface acoustic waves in TiC films of various thicknesses, deposited on each substrate (Si and SiC) were obtained from SBS spectra. Simulations of SBS spectra of TiC thin hard films on germanium, silicon, diamond and silicon substrates have been carried out over a range of film thickness from 5 nm to 700 nm. The simulations are based on the elastodynamic Green's functions method that predicts the surface displacement amplitudes of acoustic phonons. These simulations provide information essential for analysis of experimental data emerging from SBS experiments. There are striking differences in both the simulated and experimental SBS spectra depending on the respective elastic properties of the film and the substrate. In fast on slow systems (e.g. TiC on silicon), the Rayleigh mode is accompanied by both broad and sharp resonances; in slow on fast systems (e.g TiC on SiC), several orders of Sezawa modes are observed together with the Rayleigh mode. The velocity dispersion of the modes has been obtained experimentally for both situations, allowing the elastic constants of the films to be determined. Effects of two deposition conditions, RF power and substrate bias, on the properties of the films are also considered. Platinum metal group alloys are promising candidates for future ultra high temperatures gas turbines materials due to their excellent high-temperature properties. In the present work, room temperature elastic properties of single crystals of Rh3Nb and Rh3Zr are investigated. SBS spectra for a range of wave vector directions from the (001) surface have been acquired in order to determine the angular variation of the surface acoustic wave velocities and the longitudinal wave threshold within the Lamb shoulder. The elastic stiffnesses of the specimens were determined using two approaches; one approach involves a least-square fit of the experimental data to calculated results and the other is an analytical approach which involves the 2 c minimization of secular equations for the Rayleigh surface acoustic wave and the longitudinal wave threshold velocities in the [100] and [110] directions on the (001) surface of a cubic crystal. Results from the two methods were in good agreement.

No description available.

No description available.

Neste trabalho é proposto um método de interrogação de fibra óptica com arquitetura reduzida, que pode ser empregado em sistemas distribuídos de detecção de intrusão de médias e longas distâncias, como para proteção de perímetros, divisas, faixa de dutos, plantas industriais, ou outras instalações, usando uma fibra óptica comum como elemento sensor. O método é baseado na técnica Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA), porém dispensando-se a varredura sequencial com diferentes frequências, o que simplifica o sistema, reduz custos e melhora o tempo de resposta. O trabalho consiste de uma abordagem geral sobre o tema, sendo apresentada a teoria básica dos fenômenos de espalhamento não linear em fibras ópticas, o detalhamento do método de interrogação proposto e a descrição dos experimentos realizados em laboratório, seguida de uma analise e comentários quanto ao desempenho alcançado, bem como de algumas de sugestões para melhor explorar o potencial do método. / In this research work is proposed an optic fiber interrogation method with reduced architecture, that can be applied in distributed intrusion detection systems of medium and long distances, such as for the protection of pipeline\'s right of way, perimeters, boundaries, industrial plants or others installations, using a standard optic fiber as a sensor. The proposed method is based on a Brillouin Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA), however dispensing the sequential frequency sweeping, what simplifies the system, reduce its costs and improve the response time. The work comprehends a general discussion of the subject, being presented the basic theory of the nonlinear scattering phenomena in optic fibers, the description of the proposed interrogation method and the conducted in lab experiments, followed by an analysis and comments on the achieved performance, as well as a few suggestions to better explore the potential of the method.

The primary objective of this work was to develop a laser source for fundamental investigations in the field of laser – materials interactions. In particular it is supposed to facilitate the study of the influence of the temporal energy distribution such as the interaction between adjacent pulses on ablation processes. Therefore, the aim was to design a laser with a highly flexible and easily controllable temporal energy distribution. The laser to meet these demands is an SBS-laser with optional active mode-locking. The nonlinear reflectivity of the SBS-mirror leads to a passive Q-switching and issues ns-pulse bursts with µs spacing. The pulse train parameters such as pulse duration, pulse spacing, pulse energy and number of pulses within a burst can be individually adjusted by tuning the pump parameters and the starting conditions for the laser. Another feature of the SBS-reflection is phase conjugation, which leads to an excellent beam quality thanks to the compensation of phase distortions. Transverse fundamental mode operation and a beam quality better than 1.4 times diffraction limited can be maintained for average output powers of up to 10 W. In addition to the dynamics on a ns-timescale described above, a defined splitting up of each ns-pulse into a train of ps-pulses can be achieved by additional active mode-locking. This twofold temporal focussing of the intensity leads to single pulse energies of up to 2 mJ at pulse durations of approximately 400 ps which corresponds to a pulse peak power of 5 MW. While the pulse duration is of the same order of magnitude as those of other passively Q-switched lasers with simultaneous mode-locking, the pulse energy and pulse peak power exceeds the values of these systems found in the literature by an order of magnitude. To the best of my knowledge the laser presented here is the first implementation of a self-starting mode-locked SBS-laser oscillator. In order to gain a better understanding and control of the transient output of the laser two complementary numerical models were developed. The first is based on laser rate equations which are solved for each laser mode individually while the mode-locking dynamics are calculated from the resultant transient spectrum. The rate equations consider the mean photon densities in the resonator, therefore the propagation of the light inside the resonator is not properly displayed. The second model, in contrast, introduces a spatial resolution of the resonator and hence the propagation inside the resonator can more accurately be considered. Consequently, a mismatch between the loss modulation frequency and the resonator round trip time can be conceived. The model calculates all dynamics in the time domain and therefore the spectral influences such as the Stokes-shift have to be neglected. Both models achieve an excellent reproduction of the ns-dynamics that are generated by the SBS-Q-switch. Separately, each model fails to reproduce all aspects of the ps-dynamics of the SBS-laser in detail. This can be attributed to the complexity of the numerous physical processes involved in this system. But thanks to their complementary nature they provide a very useful tool for investigating the various influences on the dynamics of the mode-locked SBS-laser individually. These aspects can eventually be recomposed to give a complete picture of the mechanisms which govern the output dynamics. Among the aspects under scrutiny were in particular the start resonator quality which determines the starting condition for the SBS-Q-switch, the modulation depth of the AOM and the phonon lifetime as well as the Brillouin-frequency of the SBS-medium. The numerical simulations and the experiments have opened several doors inviting further investigations and promising a potential for further improvement of the experimental results: The results of the simulations in combination with the experimental results which determined the starting conditions for the simulations leave no doubt that the bandwidth generation can primarily be attributed to the SBS-Stokes-shift during the buildup of the Q-switch pulse. For each resonator round trip, bandwidth is generated by shifting a part of the revolving light in frequency. The magnitude of the frequency shift corresponds to the Brillouin-frequency which is a constant of the SBS material and amounts in the case of SF6 to 240 MHz. The modulation of the AOM merely provides an exchange of population between spectrally adjacent modes and therefore diminishes a modulation in the spectrum. By use of a material with a Brillouin-frequency in the GHz range the bandwidth generation can be considerably accelerated thereby shortening the pulse duration. Also, it was demonstrated that yet another nonlinear effect of the SBS can be exploited: If the phonon lifetime is short compared to the resonator round trip time we obtain a modulation in the SBS-reflectivity that supports the modulation of the AOM. The application of an external optical feedback by a conventional mirror turns out to be an alternative to the AOM in synchronizing the longitudinal resonator modes. The interesting feature about this system is that it is ― although highly complex in the physical processes and the temporal output dynamics ― very simple and inexpensive from a technical point of view. No expensive modulators and no control electronics are necessary. Finally, the numerical models constitute a powerful tool for the investigation of emission dynamics of complex laser systems on arbitrary timescales and can also display the spectral evolution of the laser output. In particular it could be demonstrated that differences in the results of the complementary models vanish for systems of lesser complexity. / Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Laserstrahlquelle, die zur Untersuchung von Laser-Material-Wechselwirkungen eingesetzt werden soll. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses steht hierbei der Einfluss der zeitlichen Pulsstruktur des Lasers auf Materialabtragsprozesse. Daraus ergibt sich die Anforderung einer möglichst hohen Flexibilität in der Pulsstruktur des Lasers sowie einer möglichst guten Strahlqualität. Eine gute Strahlqualität zeichnet sich durch eine homogene räumliche Intensitätsverteilung aus und ist Voraussetzung für eine gezielte Energiedeponierung auf dem Material. Diese Anforderungen wurden mit einem SBS-Laser erfüllt. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Laser, der einen SBS-Spiegel verwendet, dessen Reflektivität auf der Streuung des Lichts an Schallwellen beruht, die von dem einfallenden Licht selbst erzeugt werden. Als Resultat hat dieser Spiegel eine Reflektivität, die abhängig von der Energie des eingestrahlten Lichts ist. In einem Laser verwendet führt diese energieabhängige Reflektivität zu einer sogenannten Güteschaltung, die sich in der Ausbildung von kurzen Lichtpulsen mit Dauern von etwa 100 Nanosekunden äußert. Die Abstände zwischen den Pulsen, die Pulsdauern und die Pulsenergien können sehr leicht durch die Randbedingungen, wie etwa die Reflektivität der konventionellen Spiegel des Lasers, gesteuert werden. Durch eine zusätzliche, aktiv herbeigeführte Verlustmodulation im Laserresonator wird eine Aufspaltung der Nanosekundenpulse in eine Reihe von Pulsen mit Dauern von nur noch einigen 100 Pikosekunden erreicht. Diese Technik ist unter dem Begriff Modenkopplung bekannt. Es liegt jetzt also eine doppelte Pulsstruktur vor: Nanosekundenpulse, die sich jeweils aus vielen Pikosekundenpulsen zusammensetzen. Durch diese doppelte zeitliche Bündelung der Ausgangsleistung werden während der Pulse Spitzenleistungen von bis zu 5 MW erreicht. Die Pulsenergien der ps-Pulse erreichen bis zu 2 mJ. Diese Werte liegen um den Faktor 10 über denen vergleichbarer Systeme. Meines Wissens ist dies die erste Umsetzung eines selbsttätigen SBS-Lasers mit zusätzlicher Modenkopplung. Um die verschiedenen Einflüsse auf diese Emissionsdynamik besser verstehen und kontrollieren zu können, wurden zwei Modelle mit komplementären Ansätzen entwickelt, auf deren Basis diese Dynamik durch numerische Simulationen wiedergegeben werden kann. Insbesondere können auf diese Weise auch die Einflüsse von einzelnen Materialparametern isoliert betrachtet werden, was im Experiment im allgemeinen nicht möglich ist. Der SBS-Laser wurde bereits erfolgreich in Laser-Materialbearbeitungsexperimenten eingesetzt. So konnte beispielsweise gezeigt werden, dass sich die Bearbeitungsdauer beim Wendelbohren durch die Verwendung von Pulszügen, also einer Reihe kurz aufeinander folgender Pulse, gegenüber dem Einsatz von Pulsen mit gleichmäßigen Abständen erheblich verbessern lässt.

Neste trabalho é proposto um método de interrogação de fibra óptica com arquitetura reduzida, que pode ser empregado em sistemas distribuídos de detecção de intrusão de médias e longas distâncias, como para proteção de perímetros, divisas, faixa de dutos, plantas industriais, ou outras instalações, usando uma fibra óptica comum como elemento sensor. O método é baseado na técnica Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA), porém dispensando-se a varredura sequencial com diferentes frequências, o que simplifica o sistema, reduz custos e melhora o tempo de resposta. O trabalho consiste de uma abordagem geral sobre o tema, sendo apresentada a teoria básica dos fenômenos de espalhamento não linear em fibras ópticas, o detalhamento do método de interrogação proposto e a descrição dos experimentos realizados em laboratório, seguida de uma analise e comentários quanto ao desempenho alcançado, bem como de algumas de sugestões para melhor explorar o potencial do método. / In this research work is proposed an optic fiber interrogation method with reduced architecture, that can be applied in distributed intrusion detection systems of medium and long distances, such as for the protection of pipeline\'s right of way, perimeters, boundaries, industrial plants or others installations, using a standard optic fiber as a sensor. The proposed method is based on a Brillouin Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA), however dispensing the sequential frequency sweeping, what simplifies the system, reduce its costs and improve the response time. The work comprehends a general discussion of the subject, being presented the basic theory of the nonlinear scattering phenomena in optic fibers, the description of the proposed interrogation method and the conducted in lab experiments, followed by an analysis and comments on the achieved performance, as well as a few suggestions to better explore the potential of the method.

Orientador: Hugo Luis Fragnito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wiederhecker_GustavoSilva_D.pdf: 26845631 bytes, checksum: f23a4b48df09da35f76ca70361b0231d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Neste trabalho são investigadas técnicas para controlar o confinamento de fótons e fônons em fibras ópticas de cristal fotônico (PCF). Utilizando métodos numéricos robustos para resolver as equações de Maxwell, um novo tipo de PCF com núcleo tubular é proposto. Simulações e experimentos demonstram que esta estrutura confina a luz em um buraco de ar com diâmetro de apenas 110 nm. A figura de mérito para efeitos não-lineares nesta pequena região é 10 bilhões de vezes maior do que no caso de um feixe gaussiano altamente focalizado e 100 vezes maior que o atual estado-da-arte em fibras de band-gap fotônico. Também é analisada teoricamente uma fibra PCF do tipo kagomé. Modelos que explicam suas complexas características de guiamento são investigados de forma analítica e numérica. No que diz respeito à fônons em PCFs, é investigado o espalhamento Brillouin copropagante e contra-propagante. Em particular, são demonstradas maneiras de reduzir a interação acusto-óptica nos casos de co- e retro-espalhamento. Também é demonstrada a presença de band-gaps fonônicos nestas estruturas. Finalmente, é investigado o controle óptico coerente de modos acústicos nestas fibras, mostra-se que é possível amplificar ou frear modos acústicos com freqüência de oscilação na faixa de GHz. / Abstract: Techniques that may allow control and tight confinement of photons and phonons in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are investigated in this thesis. By means of robust numerical methods to solve Maxwell equations, a new kind of PCF with a tubular core is proposed. Simulations and experimental results show that such structure is able to confine light tighly inside the 100 nm bore, the nonlinear figure of merir for such tiny bore is found to be 10 billion fold larger the focused Gaussian beam counterpart, it is also 100 times larger than the state-of-the-art hollow core photonic band-gap fibers. The guidance mechanism of kagomé structure hollow-core PCF is also investigated, simple models are proposed to explain most of the experimentally observed features and compared to full numerical simulations. In what concerns phonons, both forward and backward Brillouin scattering is investi-gated in PCFs. It is demonstrated how one may suppress both using such fibers. It is also shown the existence of complete band-gaps for in-plane propagation in the PCF cladding. Another set of experiments show that one can perform coherent optical control of the acoustic modes of such fibers, 100-fold amplification or almost complete suppression of GHz oscillations is achieved. / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Hugo L. Fragnito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T05:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaineseJunior_PauloClovis_D.pdf: 4977952 bytes, checksum: 68cd4c3ce792cf4994babe5cce9b77a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta estudos experimentais e teóricos sobre o processo de espalhamento Brillouin em Fibras de Cristal Fotônico. Formadas por um núcleo sílica pura e uma casca micro-estruturada (sílica e ar), estas fibras permitem o confinamento óptico e acústico em regiões da ordem do comprimento de onda. Como resultado, a interação acústo-óptica apresenta características radicalmente diferentes daquelas observadas em meio bulk ou em fibras convencionais. Investigamos experimentalmente ambos co- e retro-espalhamento Brillouin. Observamos que quando o diâmetro do núcleo é ~70 % do comprimento de onda óptico no vácuo, o espectro de retro-espalhamento espontâneo apresenta múltiplos picos, os quais atribuímos a famílias de modos acústicos guiados no núcleo da fibra. Além disso, o limiar de retro-esplhamento Brillouin estimulado aumenta por um fator ~5 quando o diâmetro do núcleo é diminuído de 8 .m para 1.22 .m , resultado da natureza complexa dos modos acústicos no núcleo, contendo fortes componentes de deslocamento longitudinal e transversal. No caso de co-espalhamento, realizamos medidas de espalhamento espontâneo e de excitação impulsiva de ondas acústicas utilizando pulsos ópticos de alta intensidade, através do efeito de eletrostrição. Estes experimentos nos possibilitaram observar o confinamento transversal de ondas acústicas no núcleo da fibra fotônica. Desenvolvemos um modelo analítico para a interação acústo-óptica, aproximando o núcleo da fibra como um cilindro de silica suspenso no vácuo, sem a presença da casca. Este modelo nos permitiu entender a física envolvida no processo e também explicar qualitativamente as observações experimentais. Modelos numéricos mais sofisticados foram utilizados para o cálculo dos modos acústicos e óptico suportados pela estrutura completa da fibra fotônica, os quais nos permitiram explicar mais precisamente as observações experimentais. Finalmente, realizamos cálculos numéricos da estrutura de bandas da região micro-estruturada, demonstrando a presença de bandas proibidas (ou gaps fonônicos) para as ondas acústicas / Abstract: This thesis presents experimental and theorethical studies on Brillouin scattering in Photonic Crystal Fibers. With a pure silica core surrounded by a microstructed cladding (silica and air), these fibers allow the confinement of both acoustic and optical waves in sub-wavelength regions. The result is a radically different acousto-optic interaction from what has been observed in bulk media or conventional fibers. We investigate experimentally both forward and backward Brillouin scattering. We observed that for core diameters of around 70% of the vacuum wavelength of the launched laser light, the spontaneous Brillouin signal develops an unusual multi-peaked spectrum, these peaks we attribute to several families of guided acoustic modes. At the same time the threshold power for stimulated Brillouin scattering increases five-fold when the core diameter is reduced from from 8 .m to 1.22 .m , as a consequence of the complex nature of the acoustic modes, each with different proportions of longitudinal and shear strain, strongly localised to the core. In the case of forward scattering, we performed measurements of the spontaneous scattering and also of impulsive excitation of acoustic waves using high intensity optical pulses, through the effect of electrostriction. These experiments allowed us to observe the transverse confinment of acoustic waves in the core of the photonic crystal fiber. An analitic model for the acousto-optic interaction was developed by approximating the core of the photonic fiber by a circular strand of glass in vaccum, initially neglecting the presence of the micro-structured cladding. This simple model allowed us to understand the physics involved in the scattering process and also to qualitatevely explain our experimental observations. Numerical models were then implemented to calculate the acoustic and optical modes of the actual photonic fiber structure, and we were able to explain more precisely our observations. Finnally, we performed numerical calculation of the band structure of the micro-structured region, demonstrating the presence of prohibited gaps for the acoustic wave (phononics band gaps) / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

[ES] Los efectos no lineales son herramientas valiosas en el procesamiento óptico. El obje-tivo de esta Tesis es contribuir con las nuevas arquitecturas y métodos a este campo, en particular al control de la polarización de la luz con luz y filtrado óptico de señales de microondas. La manipulación de las propiedades de la polarización de la luz en medios guiados es crucial en muchos sistemas ópticos clásicos y cuánticos. Sin embargo, la capacidad de la tecnología actual para definir con precisión el estado de polarización de determina-das longitudes de onda está lejos del nivel de madurez conseguido en el control de la amplitud. En el capítulo 3, se presenta un nuevo enfoque para el control totalmente óptico del estado de polarización con selectividad en longitud de onda, basado en el cambio del retardo fase por medio del stimulated Brillouin scattering. Los experimen-tos muestran que se puede llegar a cualquier punto de la esfera de Poincaré desde un estado de polarización de entrada arbitrario con tan solo una ligera variación en la amplitud de la señal (<2.5 dB). A diferencia de otros esquemas de procesamiento Bri-llouin, la degradación de la figura de ruido es pequeña (1.5 dB para una rotación completa en la esfera, 2pi). Este controlador de polarización completamente óptico puede forjar el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas basadas en la polarización en comunica-ciones ópticas, ingeniería laser, detección, sistemas cuánticos y sondeo basado en luz de sistemas químicos y biológicos. La segunda área de interés de la tesis se centra en el filtrado fotónico de microondas. La fotónica proporciona una implementación alternativa a los filtros de microondas. Las características proporcionadas por el scattering de Brillouin son muy atractivas para el diseño de filtro con especificaciones competitivas. El capítulo 4 está dedicado a los nuevos esquemas para el filtrado fotónico de microondas basado en SBS. En parti-cular, se presenta un método para mejorar la pendiente de los filtros fotónicos de mi-croondas basados en Brilouin. Esta mejora se logra mediante la combinación de las respuestas en ganancia y atenuación del Brillouin sobre la señal modulada en fase. Los resultados experimentales muestran una respuesta paso banda que exhibe una pendiente de 16.7 dB por octava, lo que corresponde con una mejora de 3 veces en comparación con la respuesta Lorentziana natural de la ganancia Brillouin. Sin embargo, la necesi-dad de 3 ondas de bombeo, es decir tres osciladores de microondas, incrementan la complejidad del sistema y dificulta la capacidad de ajuste. Para superar estas limita-ciones, se propone una segunda técnica para mejorar la pendiente de un filtro fotónico de microondas basado en scattering de Brillouin estimulado, el cual mantiene una fácil sintonización. Esta propuesta se basa en la dependencia de la polarización de la ganan-cia del Brillouin en fibras birrefringentes. La presencia de dos respuestas ortogonales de ganancia/atenuación Brillouin en fibras birrefringentes da como resultado dos res-puestas del filtro, que pueden ser sustraídas en un fotodetector balanceado para elimi-nar el lento decaimiento de la respuesta de ganancia natural Lorentziana del Brillouin. Los resultados experimentales muestran que se puede obtener una pendiente del filtro de 8.3 dB/oct. Finalmente, el documento de tesis proporciona conclusiones y actividades futuras abiertas por este trabajo de doctorado. / [CA] Els efectes no lineals son ferramentes valuoses en el processament òptic. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi es contribuir amb les noves arquitectures i mètodes a aquest camp, en particular al control de la polarització de la llum amb llum i filtrar òptic de senyals de microones. La manipulació de les propietats de la polarització de la llum en mitjans guiats es cru-cial en molts sistemes òptics clàssics i quàntics. No obstant això, la capacitat de la tecnologia actual per definir amb precisió l'estat de polarització de determinades lon-gituds d'ona està lluny del nivell de maduresa aconseguit en el control de l'amplitud. En el capítol 3, es presenta un nou enfocament per al control totalment òptic de l'estat de polarització amb selectivitat en longitud d'ona, basat en el canvi del retard de fase mitjançant el stimulated Brillouin scattering. Els experiments mostren que es pot arri-bar a qualsevol punt de l'esfera de Poincaré des d'un estat de polarització d'entrada arbitrari amb tant sols una lleugera variació de l'amplitud de la senyal (<2.5 dB). A diferencia d'altres esquemes de processament Brillouin, la degradació de la figura de soroll es petita (1.5 dB per a una rotació completa en l'esfera, 2pi). Aquest controlador de polarització completament òptic pot forjar el desenvolupament de noves tècniques basades en la polarització en comunicacions òptiques, enginyeria làser, detecció, sis-temes quàntics y sondeig basat en llum de sistemes químics i biològics. La segona àrea d'interès de la tesi es centra en el filtrar fotònic de microones. La fo-tònica proporciona una implementació alternativa als filtres de microones. Les caracte-rístiques proporcionades per el scattering de Brillouin son molt atractives per al dis-seny de filtres amb especificacions competitives. El capítol 4 està dedicat als nous esquemes per al filtrat fotònic de microones basat en SBS. En particular, es presenta un mètode per a millorar la pendent dels filtres fotònics de microones basats en Bri-llouin. Aquesta millora s'aconsegueix mitjançant la combinació de les respostes en guany i atenuació del Brillouin sobre la senyal modulada en fase. Els resultats experi-mentals mostren una resposta pas banda que exhibeix una pendent de 16.7 dB per octava, el que correspon amb una millora de 3 vegades en comparació amb la resposta Lorentziana natural del guany Brillouin. Tot i això, la necessitat de 3 ones de bom-beig, es a dir tres oscil·ladors de microones, incrementen la complexitat del sistema i dificulta la capacitat d'ajust. Per superar aquestes limitacions, es proposa una segona tècnica per millorar la pendent d'un filtre fotònic de microones basat en scattering de Brillouin estimulat, el qual manté una fàcil sintonització. Aquesta proposta es basa en la dependència de la polarització del guany del Brillouin en fibres birefringents. La presència de dos respostes ortogonals de guany/atenuació Brillouin en fibres birefrin-gents dona com a resultat dos respostes del filtre, que poden ser sostretes en un fotode-tector balancejat per eliminar el lent decaïment de la resposta de guany natural Lo-rentziana del Brillouin. Els resultats experimentals mostren que es pot obtenir una pendent del filtre de 8.3 dB/oct. Finalment, el document de tesi proporciona conclusions i activitat futures obertes per aquest treball de doctorat. / [EN] Nonlinear effects are valuable tools in the field of optical processing. This Thesis is aimed at contributing with new architectures and methods to this field, in particular to the light-by-light control of polarization and optical filtering of microwave signals. The manipulation of the polarization properties of light in guided media is crucial in many classical and quantum optical systems. However, the capability of current technology to finely define the state of polarization of particular wavelengths is far from the level of maturity in amplitude control. In Chapter 3, a new approach for all-optical control of the state of polarization with wavelength selectivity based on the change of the phase retardance by means of stimulated Brillouin scattering is present-ed. Experiments show that any point on the Poincaré sphere can be reached from an arbitrary input state of polarization with little variation of the signal amplitude (< 2.5 dB). Unlike other Brillouin processing schemes, the degradation of the noise figure is small (1.5 dB for a full 2pi rotation). This all-optical polarization controller can forge the development of new polarization-based techniques in optical communication, laser engineering, sensing, quantum systems and light-based probing of chemical and biological systems. The second area of interest of the Thesis is photonic microwave filtering. Photonics provides an alternative implementation of microwave filters. The features provided by Brillouin scattering are very attractive to design filters with competitive specifications. Chapter 4 is devoted to new schemes for photonic microwave filtering based on SBS. In particular, a method to enhance the filter slope of Brillouin-based photonic microwave filters is presented. This improvement is achieved by the combination of Brillouin gain and loss responses over phase modulated signals. The experimental results show passband responses exhibiting a slope of 16.7 dB per octave, which corresponds with a 3-fold improvement in comparison to the natural Lorentzian response for the same gain. However, the need of three pump waves, i.e. three microwave oscillators, increases the system complexity and make tunability more difficult. To overcome these limitations, a second technique to enhance the slope of a photonic microwave filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is proposed, that maintains easy tunability. It relies on exploiting the polarization dependence of Brillouin gain in birefringent fibers. The presence of two orthogonal Brillouin gains/loss in birefringent fibers results in two filter responses that can be subtracted in a balanced photodetector to remove the slow Lorentzian decay of the natural Brillouin gain response. Experimental results show that a filter slope of 8.3 dB/oct can be obtained. Finally, the Thesis document provides conclusions and future activities opened by this PhD work. / Samaniego Riera, DP. (2019). OPTICAL PROCESSING BASED ON BRILLOUIN SCATTERING [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124820