Currently many CAD – Computer Aided Development systems are widely used in the world. Three dimensional modeling systems, like AutoCAD, 3DS Max and similar are well known. Unfortunately these systems are quite complicated and expensive. It takes a lot of time and money to train company workers to use these systems. Small companies are not capable to do it. So naturally there comes demand on more simple and cheaper systems. The main objective of this project is to create low complicated small-medium size CAD system, more concrete – building plan creation system, which include main features of large CAD systems and also avoids it’s defects. In this article we will show what problems occurs when working with general purpose applications, what special needs have building plans’ designers. All conclusions will be taken into account when implementing our CAD system. Few helper methods, which automatize design, will be analyzed.

This thesis proposes a destination restaurant, near Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia, Canada, that serves as an informative showcase of common food plants grown indoors, and allows visitors to experience the food cycle of growing, processing, cooking, eating, and composting, from soil to table. Throughout the building, the line between architecture and agriculture is blurred, as program areas incorporate food plants. The environmentally-conscious design, built primarily of re-used wood and locally sourced sandstone, inspires visitors to start growing food at home by being a living example of a variety of growing methods, most of which could be adopted at home on a smaller scale.

Orientador: David de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vidal_EricoCristiano_M.pdf: 3859891 bytes, checksum: d83224508eeb648044f6e4e9a13fea05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A habitação popular sempre se destacou como uma das principais prioridades dos programas de governo, entretanto, quase sempre sua construção foi mais voltada ao número de unidades do que ao atendimento às normas e às boas técnicas de engenharia. Os resultados, em inúmeros casos, são imóveis com elevada incidência de patologias, comprometidos em suas condições de segurança e habitabilidade. Tais observações motivaram o presente estudo, cujo objetivo é identificar a origem e a extensão de patologias das construções, em particular, o mau desempenho de coberturas e de fundações, confrontando o comportamento dos elementos de transmissão de carga ao solo ao tipo adotado e ao efeito de colapso do solo. Dessa forma, norteados pelo prévio conhecimento da incidência de alguma patologia e da existência de documentos para subsídio de ações judiciais de indenização securitária, estudou-se, de um total de 9.363 unidades habitacionais, 589 imóveis existentes em 13 Conjuntos Habitacionais de Bauru - SP e região. Esse acervo de informações proporcionou ferramentas para apresentar um panorama geral da ocorrência de patologias e as causas que deram origem aos danos, em especial aos recalques de fundação e deformações na estrutura das coberturas que, conforme resultados, chegam a atingir 66,9% e 97,8% do total dos imóveis pesquisados, respectivamente. Como solução, sugeriu-se a compactação adequada do solo de apoio das fundações, além de outros cuidados práticos visando à redução de incidência de patologias em edificações desse porte. Almeja-se que a análise dos problemas constatados possa contribuir para maior responsabilidade na construção civil, resultando em edificações mais seguras e adequadas à população de média e baixa renda do país / Abstract: The popular habitation always stood out like one of the main priorities of the government's programs, however, almost of constructions were focused on the quantity of buildings than fulfilling the standards and good techniques of engineering. The results, in most of the cases, are houses with high number of pathologies, jeopardized in safety and livability conditions. These remarks are the motivation for this present study, whose objective is to identify the origin and extension of constructions pathologies, in particular, the bad performance of roofs and foundations, confronting the performance of load transmission elements to the soil to the type adopted and to the collapse effect of the soil. In this way, guided by the prior knowledge of the incidence of housing pathologies and the existence of documents to support lawsuits, have been studied, from a total of 9.363 housing units, 589 buildings existing in 13 Housing Complexes of Bauru - SP and region. This collection of information has provided tools in order to present a general overview over the occurrences of pathologies and the origins that caused such damages, specially the settlements of the foundations and deformations on the roofs structures of the houses, according to results, they can reach 66,9% to 97,8% of the total of the buildings studied, respectively. As a solution it was suggested the adequate soil compaction supporting the foundations, besides others practical cares aiming to reduce the incidence of pathologies in edifications of this size. It is expected that the analyses of the listed problems can contribute for higher responsibility in civil constructions, resulting in safety and appropriated buildings to medium and low-income population of the country / Mestrado / Geotecnia / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Les bâtiments longtemps considérés comme des milieux clos protecteurs, font aujourd’hui l’objet d’avancées scientifiques démontrant leurs impacts climatiques, énergétiques et sanitaires. En tentant de réduire certains de ces impacts, le droit s’étoffe : des obligations juridiques sont créées. Or, l’appréhension juridique de la performance énergétique et de la qualité de l’air intérieur impacte la responsabilité des professionnels du bâtiment. Cette dernière s’inscrit dans plusieurs régimes de responsabilité en fonction de la qualité juridique de la personne qui va chercher à l’engager. Il peut s’agir autant de la puissance publique que du cocontractant des professionnels. Ainsi, la responsabilité des professionnels peut découler, de manière unique ou cumulative, de contrôles régaliens comme de la responsabilité civile, et plus particulièrement du droit des contrats. La présente thèse de doctorat vise à rechercher si les nombreux fondements et régimes de responsabilité permettent de sanctionner l’absence de respect des obligations et donc d’améliorer les qualités énergétiques et sanitaires des bâtiments / Buildings have long been considered closed-in self-protected environments. Today, however, numerous scientific innovations show how they affect climate, energy and health related issues. By trying to reduce their impact on these issues, the law is made more complex, new obligations are created. As it happens, the way the law takes into account energy efficiency and indoor air quality affects building professionals liability. This liability covers several levels of responsibility depending on the legal status of the individual looking to institute the proceedings, whether it be the public sphere or a professional cocontractant. Thus professional liablility may be a result, unique, successive, or cumulative, of state control as well as civil responsability, and more specifically of contract law. This doctoral thesis looks to determine whether the numerous foundations and levels of responsibility enable us to sanction unfulfilled obligations, thus improving buildings'energy and sanitary efficiency