This research examines the environmental parameters associated with the production and delivery of building materials in the U.K. in 1991. Using primary data supplied from commercial sources, an eco-profile is produced for each material by calculating the gross inputs of energy and raw materials and gross outputs of solid waste, air and water emissions. The production sequences are traced from raw materials in the ground through to the final product and extend to include transport operations and the production and delivery of fuels and ancillary materials. The results are used to complete eco-profiles for the construction of a three bedroom bungalow house and a four bedroom two storey detached house. It is shown that per square metre of floor space, the construction of the two storey detached house produces considerable reductions in the burdens on the enviromnent. Eco-profiles are used to compare the environmental burdens associated with alternative building materials. The effect of alternative building materials on the eco-profiles of house construction is discussed. It is shown that significant reductions in the gross inputs and outputs maybe made by substituting dense concrete blocks for clay bricks.

This research presents a new environmental justice assessment toolkit, the Equitable Environmental Justice Assessment Toolkit 2016 (EEJAT 2016). The purpose of this toolkit is to enable urban planners to more effectively measure whether environmental justice populations (low-income, non-white, Limited English proficiency, disabled, or elderly persons) are disproportionately burdened by long-range transportation plans. This toolkit is based on the concept that effective assessment of environmental justice (EJ) in transportation planning requires assessment frameworks that methodologically unify three sometimes divergent interests: those of federal and state bodies enforcing EJ assessment requirements, those of metropolitan planners who face capacity constraints and need guidance on how to conduct these assessments, and, most importantly, those of the protected populations themselves. This thesis involved analysis of current requirements, exploration of existing environmental justice assessment tools, case studies, decision theory, and principles of equity, and stakeholder engagement through surveys, interviews, and public meetings, all towards the development of the toolkit designed for the Roanoke Valley Transportation Planning Organization (RVTPO)'s Constrained Long-range Multimodal Transportation Plan 2040 (CLRMTP 2040) released in 2016. The resulting toolkit is a multi-step framework. The first step is a GIS map-based EJ Index, structured by normalized population distributions for each EJ demographic, and mapped by block group compared to regional (MPO) averages. This z-score based mapping was done in lieu of Roanoke's former linear model in effort to more systematically compare effects, and to more accurately represent the data, and by extension, the people. Second, the Community Profile expands upon the EJ Index to include documentation of community elements and social and economic systematic injustices in the area. Next, a Benefits and Burdens matrix guides planners to an appropriate model or method of assessment for each EJ effect for the project at hand, based on project scale and type, data availability, and skillsets of the assessor. The results of these assessments of each EJ effect are compiled for an overall Project Impact Assessment. Checks on assessor bias based on stakeholder feedback and decision theory are incorporated into this Project Impact Assessment. Cumulatively, the toolkit is designed to incorporate equity as a defining element of both processes and outcomes, to be flexible in order to be applicable to multiple projects, and to be usable by practitioners. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

The purpose of this study is to explore meanings of success in watershed restoration projects. Though restoration has both inherent ecological and social components, the social elements often remain unexamined. Using the Mores Creek Watershed Floodplain Restoration Project in Central Idaho as a case study, this study first reviews existing literature pertaining to watershed restoration, landscape ecology, and ecosystem services, and then uses stakeholder interviews to analyze restoration goals, perceptions of success and failure, and perceived benefits and burdens of the restored watershed. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations for maximizing success in watershed restoration projects. / text

Easements Master's degree thesis deals with easements and describes historical development of this legal institute, and his form in today's effective civil code 89/2012 Sb. Easements belong to absolute property rights and iura in re aliena, which is the privilege of using a thing of another as if it were one's own. There is an obligation of one person to tolerate something, to refrain from something or to perform something in favour of another person. In this way it allows more people to use one thing without being its owners. The thesis is divided into five chapters. There is an introduction, which describes the aim and division of the work. First chapter explains the institute of easements, its place in today's effective civil code and historical types of easements. There is also short part about the importance of this institute in today's law. Second chapter deals with historical development of this legal institute. First of all there is subchapter about servitutes in Roman Law, because civil code 89/2012 Sb. was inspired with it. Then there is part about regulation in the feudalism period. Because the main inspiration for civil code 89/2012 Sb. was ABGB from 1811, there is subchapter about servitutes in this civil code. Last subchapter of this part deals with the regulation according to civil...

This thesis deals with the legal institute of easements. These are rights in rem to another person's property which restrict the owner of immovable property in favor of another person so that he is obliged to tolerate something, to refrain from something or to perform something. Easements serve more beneficial usage of immovable property or in favor of a particular person. The thesis consists of ten chapters. The first chapter describes the historical development of easements in five sub-chapters. The second chapter deals with the definition and function of easements. The third chapter examines their sorting. The fourth chapter deals with the content of easements. The most common easements - the right of way and the right to use a flat or a room - are described in two sub-chapters. The fifth chapter deals with an issue of recording easements in the land register. The sixth chapter, the largest, successively pays attention to individual ways of their creation in six sub-chapters. In three sub-chapters of the seventh chapter modification of easements (in their subjects, content and object) is analysed. The eighth chapter examines individual ways of termination of easements in six sub-chapters. Separately, in the ninth chapter, limitation of time of easements is dealt with. The final chapter describes...

This thesis deals with easements. The main purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively analyse easements according to the effective legislation, the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code. The thesis works with a wide range of judicial decisions, which are related to the topic. This thesis also describes some problems, which may occur in practice. The thesis is divided into an introductory chapter, six main chapters and conclusion. The introductory chapter covers an introduction of the term easements, its actual importance and role in the society and specifies the goal of my thesis. The first chapter is focused on the theoretical backround of easements, which belongs to the absolute property rights, iure in re alinea. The second chapter provides a historical excursion of easements. First, this chapter describes the origin and the importance of servitutes in Roman law. It is followed by the regulation according to the ABGB 1811. The third chapter concentrates on the regulation of easements according to the Act No. 141/1950 Coll., the Civil Code. This Civil Code was vitally important for the term easements, which appeared in the civil code for the first time. The fourth chapter mentions the development of the institute according to the Act. No 40/1964 Coll. This Civil Code contained a plain...

Diversos estudos têm descrito o caráter impactante da doença crônica de uma criança na dinâmica familiar, sobretudo com relação à figura materna. O sofrimento da mãe cuidadora toma proporções vultosas, já que nesta situação estão envolvidas, não apenas a rotina estressante de cuidados, mas, sobretudo, a relação, que instintiva ou socialmente construída, liga uma mãe a seu filho. Fundamentado no campo de conhecimento psicanalítico sobre a teoria da vinculação e apego, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever e analisar a experiência de maternidade das mães na situação de adoecimento crônico do filho, enfatizando sua percepção sobre a sobrecarga emocional vivenciada e a própria qualidade de vida. Para tanto este estudo contou com 21 mães de crianças portadoras de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (EIM), com envolvimento neurológico grave; acompanhados no Ambulatório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP); de ambos os sexos; com idade até 10 anos; cuja manifestação da doença se deu até os 3 anos de idade da criança e, há, pelo menos, 2 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um encontro com cada participante, na seguinte seqüência: entrevista semi-estruturada; aplicação do WHOQOL-Bref e Burden Interview. A análise dos dados combinou métodos quantitativos para os instrumentos psicométricos e o sistema quantitativo-interpretativo para a entrevista. Os dados da entrevista foram relacionados àqueles obtidos pelos instrumentos, no sentido de verificar possíveis relações entre a percepção do vínculo por parte da mãe e as variáveis sobrecarga e qualidade de vida. Constatou-se: intenso sofrimento, vivenciado pelas mães, em decorrência do adoecimento da criança e de sua dependência, do aumento da possibilidade de morte, incerteza quanto ao desenvolvimento do filho e preconceito das outras pessoas; modificação na relação com o filho, na rotina diária, lazer, vida ocupacional, conjugal e social. Há interferência na qualidade de vida das mães, sobretudo no âmbito dos relacionamentos sociais, bem como vivência de sobrecarga emocional, expressa de maneira contraditória. Pode-se concluir quão dinâmica e conflitiva se faz a vivência de maternidade no contexto de adoecimento da criança por EIM, remetendo a importância do desenvolvimento de intervenções terapêuticas sensíveis às características e necessidades específicas desta população, bem como a colaboração para o desenvolvimento de serviços de saúde mais preparados para lidar com as famílias destas crianças e, mais especificamente, com suas mães. / The impactive character of chronic diseases in children on family dynamics, particularly with respect to the maternal figure has been described in several studies. The suffering of the care giving mother assumes unusual proportions since it involves not just the stressful care routine but, especially the relationship, instinctive or socially constructed bonding a mother to her child. Based on psychoanalytic knowledge about the bonding and attachment theory, this study aims to describe and analyze the motherhood experience in women with children ill with chronic disease, emphasizing their perception about the experienced emotional burden and the very quality of life. This study included 21 mothers of children showing Inborn Errors of Metabolism (EIM), with serious neurological involvement, seen at the Outpatient Clinic of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP). The children were of both sexes, up to 10 years old, the onset of illness occurred before they were 3 years old and at least of 2 years duration. The data collection was performed in one meeting with each participant, following the sequence: semi-structured interview; application of the WHOQOL-Bref and Burden Interview. Data analyses combined quantitative methods for the psychometric instruments and the quantitative-interpretative system for the interview. Interview data were related to that obtained by the instruments, to check possible relations between the perception of bonds by the mother and the variables burden and quality of life. The results indicated intense mother suffering due to disease and dependence of the child, the increased possibility of death, the uncertainty about the future and prejudice of people. Changes in the relationship with the child, in the daily routine, leisure, occupational, conjugal and social life were also distressing situations. Interference in the quality of life of the mother is evident especially in the context of social relations and in the contradictory way of expressing emotional burdens. The conclusion of how dynamic and conflicting is the experience of motherhood of IEM children remits to the importance of developing therapeutic interventions sensitive to the specific characteristics and needs of this population. Particularly, the development of health services more prepared to deal with the families of these children and, more specifically, with their mothers.

<p>The purpose of our study is to examine the case managers reasoning and descriptions of empowerment as a method in their social work from a comprehensively perspective including family members. To manage with this purpose we interviewed two case managers, two clients with mental disabilities and five family members. We have come to the conclusion that the case managers works more consist of advocacy than empowerment. Despite that we have found that the long term goal for the case mangers work is to give the clients tools for empowerment. Our results also show that the clients feel that they have gained and increased their ability to do things by themselves and to be a part of the community. The family members feel that they have been empowered because of that the case managers have given them advises of how they can support the clients in a better way, which have released them from family burdens.</p>

The purpose of our study is to examine the case managers reasoning and descriptions of empowerment as a method in their social work from a comprehensively perspective including family members. To manage with this purpose we interviewed two case managers, two clients with mental disabilities and five family members. We have come to the conclusion that the case managers works more consist of advocacy than empowerment. Despite that we have found that the long term goal for the case mangers work is to give the clients tools for empowerment. Our results also show that the clients feel that they have gained and increased their ability to do things by themselves and to be a part of the community. The family members feel that they have been empowered because of that the case managers have given them advises of how they can support the clients in a better way, which have released them from family burdens.

There has been an almost 60 percent increase in health care expenditures in the US in the past seven years. Employer-sponsored health coverage premiums have increased significantly (87 percent) in this same period. Besides the cost of care for chronic conditions such as migraine, arthritis and diabetes, absenteeism linked to these diseases also adds financial strain. Current health financial models focus on past spending instead of modeling based on current health burdens and future trends. This approach leads to suboptimal health maintenance and cost management. Identifying the diseases which affect the most employees and are also the most costly (in terms of productivity, work-loss-days, treatment etc) is necessary, since this allows the employer to identify which combination of policies may best address the health burdens. The current predictive health model limits the amount of diseases it models since it ignores incomplete data sets. This research investigated if by using Bayesian methodology it will be possible to create a comprehensive predictive model of the health burdens being faced by corporations, allowing for health decision makers to have comprehensive information when choosing policies. The first specific aim was to identify which diseases were the most costly to employers both directly and indirectly, and the pathogenesis of these diseases. Co-morbidity of diseases was also taken into account as in many cases these diseases are not treated independently. This information was taken into account when designing the models as the inference was disease specific. One of the contributions of this thesis is coherent incorporation of prior information into the proposed expert model. The Bayesian models were able to estimate the predicted disease burdens for corporations, including predicting the percentage of individuals with multiple diseases. The model was also comparable to, or better than current estimators on the market with limited input. The outputs of the model were also able to give further insight into the disease interactions which creates an avenue for further research in disease management.