Design-by-Analogy is an approach that is widely embraced by engineers and designers seeking innovative designs. The identification of analogies for use in engineering design problems is usually a spontaneous action that is brought about by accident and not by a systematic design process applied during the idea generation stage of new product development. A Design-by-Analogy method developed to lead designers systematically to analogies that can be useful for solving design problems is the WordTree Method. The WordTree Method uses the semantic relationships between verbs, extracted from design problems, to lead engineers and designers to potentially useful analogies. The WordTree Method is a relatively new design method, and as with any new design method, there is room for improvement. In this thesis, a tool called WordTree Express (WTE) was developed to automate the generation of the database-based WordTrees used during the application of the WordTree Method. This tool (WTE) showed, from an experiment, that its implementation had a positive effect on the opinions of the engineers and designers who used it for solving a design problem. The effects found from surveying the participants suggested that the participants were more likely to apply the method in their future design problems with the WTE tool than when they applied the method without the WTE tool. Although the WTE tool did not show statistical significance (p<0.1) in increasing the number of analogies identified by the participants, compared to the non-automated method, it did enable the process of identifying analogies to be done faster. Tools designed to perform tasks faster and more efficiently usually tend to have a positive effect on its users. Different ontologies were studied for their value in the application to Design-by-Analogy in engineering. Recommendations for further work advancing the WordTree Method and contributions to Design-by-Analogy are presented in the future work section.

Fly-by-wire flight control systems are becoming more common in both civil and military aircraft. These systems give many benefits, but also present a new set of problems due to their increased complexity compared to conventional systems and the larger choice of options that they provide. The work presented here considers the application of fly-by-wire to a generic regional transport aircraft. The flying qualities criteria used for typical flying qualities evaluations are described briefly followed by analysis of several past transport aircraft flying qualities programmes against these criteria. From these results, some control law independent design requirements are formulated for a civil aircraft for the approach and landing task. These control law independent flying qualities criteria are intended to be used with any generic rate-like control law for a transport aircraft and enabled a number of different control laws to be designed. The results of a number of flying qualities evaluations are presented. Both an ILS approach task and a formation flying task were used. The effects of windshear were also considered. It was found that control laws which maintain flight path are suitable for the ILS approach task, while most rate-like response characteristics give good flying qualities for the formation flying task. Finally, the conclusions drawn from these evaluations are presented, and both the Civil and Military current airworthiness requirements are assessed. In addition to the flying qualities work, a study is made of the management issues associated with fly-by-wire design. A fly-by-wire aircraft design programme was proposed and the project management issues associated with this were considered. A timescale was proposed for the design process for a generic regional aircraft, and the critical path for this process is presented. / EPSRC; Avro International Aerospace.

A new tvpe ot macnetic retricerator usine a rotatine belt eeometrv has been desiened and developed. The retricerator u.e. the maenetocaloric ettect. that is. the heat inc or cooline ot a maenetic material on application or removal ot a maen.tic tield. to execute a Carnot cvcle. An antiterromaanetic material. Gadolinium Gallium Garnet, Gd3Gas012 (GGG) , i. used ae the retricerant. This is in the torm ot a belt which run. throuch the bore ot a .uperconduct1na solenoid macnet to execute the cyole. The retricerator has been developed in three staces, Fir.tlv the belt ceometry was de.icned. oonstructed and te.ted. This lead to the development ot the model one retricerator. and ba.ed on the.e results the model two retriaerator was con.tructed. Re.ult •• trom the model two retricerator. show an anomalous temperature increa.e in the .ource recion resul tine trom a re - lIlaenetieation ot the belt. Purthermore. entrained tluid ettects limit the operatinc temperature span. However. the belt concept has been .ucce.etullv realised with it beina operated at trequencie. ot up to 30 rpm in macnetic tields not exceedine "T.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Death certification of ‘‘suicide by cop’’ is controversial among some medical examiners and coroners. We present five such deaths that were certified as suicides and discuss the medico-legal issues involved with these certifications. To certify such a death as a suicide, certain criteria should be met. Suicide by cop is a circumstance that involves competing intentional acts that may result in dichotomous determinations of the manner of death. Despite the absence of direct self-infliction, there is overwhelming evidence that these five individuals intended to end their own lives. Their use of an unusual method to accomplish this goal may inappropriately result in a reflexive certification of homicide. All of the decedents possessed weapons or a facsimile of a weapon. We present five instances of suicide by cop and contend that these types of deaths are best certified as suicides. KEYWORDS: forensic science, forensic pathology, suicide, police, gunshot wounds, manner of death

Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

Zugl.: Duisburg, Essen, University, Diss., 2006.

Zugl.: Senftenberg, Fachhochsch. Lausitz, Diplomarbeit, 2004

Zugl.: Mannheim, Univ., Diplomarbeit, 2004 u.d.T.: Brauer, Yvonne: Coaching