Bylaws serve as the skeleton of any nonprofit organization's administrative culture. They are the laws and rules that govern the internal affairs of an organization. (Pickett 2000) Since the primary function of bylaws is to support the effective management of operations, the examination of bylaws content is particularly relevant when looking for evidence of innovative adaptations to organizational change. As students of arts administration, the focus of the researcher's investigation centered on cultural organizations; symphony orchestras in this instance. Symphony orchestras, like other cultural organizations, must adapt to survive internal and external change. The reason for choosing to examine bylaws content was to look for business adaptations being made at the core of nonprofit business operations, where the framework for decision-making by the Board of Directors, Officers and administrators resides. There were two key research questions driving this investigation of symphony orchestra bylaws content. The first was; what governance policies are currently emerging in the symphony orchestra industry? The second was; what conditions prompted the emergence of these policy anomalies? The research design included a review of the literature relevant to the development of bylaws as used by U.S. symphony orchestras; qualitative and quantitative document analysis of bylaws obtained from a select group of participating organizations; and an opinion survey of several orchestra administrators whose organizations were found to contain unusual bylaws content. Contrary to the literature, the content and structure of bylaws that were examined varied a great deal. Policy anomalies were discovered as hypothesized, and some of these unusual policies offer solutions to current governance issues that other arts organizations may find beneficial as well. Included tables illustrate provision topics and their frequency of occurrence. Several recommendations for further study are indicated, and we conclude that bylaws are usually an underutilized, valuable and occasionally innovative tool for effective governance.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE PRÁVNICKÁ FAKULTA Ing. Vojtěch KMENT Vnitřní předpisy a právní řád České republiky Bylaws and the legal system of the Czech Republic Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: JUDr. Karel Beran, Ph.D. Katedra: Katedra teorie práva a právních učení Datum vypracování práce: srpen 2011 Abstract (english): Bylaws and the legal system of the Czech Republic The purpose of my thesis is to provide some theory on bylaws which will help to identify their existence and particularly the legal obligations and/or rights they constitute. I located areas in which the bylaws may exist in the context of the legal system of Czech Republic, conditions of their valid promulgation and other circumstances when they may constitute legally binding obligations or rights. This thesis uses the term bylaws for the abstract normative acts which are not generally binding and which do not constitute the common contracts, i.e. the common concept in which they are used within the current Czech law. Bylaws are traditionally considered out of the scope of interest of the academic as well as the professional lawyers as legal documents of a very low degree. Yet they exist and proliferate nearly everywhere and establish a vast amount of various legal obligations or even rights which the average citizen quite often finds difficult...

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

Over the last few decades, Asian migrants who work in the sex industry have become the frequent target of police, government, and social service investigations. Indeed, a range of state and nongovernmental organizations have promoted punitive investigations and carceral policies, claiming to act to protect migrants from being trafficked. However, sex workers, sex workers’ rights activists, and critical antitrafficking scholars argue that rather than providing protection, this increased focus on Asian migrants actively produces myriad harms and has negatively impacted these workers’ lives by endangering their health and safety, increasing stigma and vulnerability to abuse and exploitation, and violating their human rights. To date, there is limited research on how the investigations claiming to protect migrant sex workers often turn into criminal, immigration, or bylaw investigations against them. This doctoral study aims to contribute to this small but growing body of knowledge. Informed by critical social work, institutional ethnography, and participatory action research, this project maps how the illegality of Asian migrant sex workers, particularly those who work in massage parlours, is constructed and produced. First-person narratives of Asian women have provided the threads (including the texts, actions, and institutions) for further investigation of how their experiences are shaped and how investigations against them are organized. This study shows how racism, whorephobia, and xenophobia have been embedded in both the laws and policies that coordinate sex and massage work and the way investigations into regulated and unregulated massage parlours have been organized in Toronto, Ontario. This finding helps us understand the ruling relations between law enforcement and the workers, and how the laws, policies, and practices that are intended to protect women who are purportedly “trafficked” instead criminalize and harm Asian migrant workers. This research also shows the autonomy and resiliency of Asian migrant massage and sex workers, revealing how they organize against and resist this injustice. The knowledge developed from this project has been used by sex worker communities in their ongoing efforts to challenge the dominant ideologies and discourses about sex workers and human trafficking. Further, it has contributed to their capacity to investigate institutional processes and, in turn, foster and create progressive institutional and policy change. This dissertation also offers important contributions to critical scholarship, including critical human trafficking studies, abolitionism, and activist scholarship. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy / This research examines how the laws and policies, particularly municipal bylaws, that claim to protect Asian and migrant massage and sex workers are actually harming them and putting them in danger. The experiences of Asian migrant sex workers, particularly those who worked in massage parlours, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, provided the threads (including the texts, actions, and institutions) for further investigation of how their experiences are shaped and how investigations against them are organized. This study examines how the workers’ illegality is constructed and produced to coordinate the ruling relationship between the workers and law enforcement. With a focus on antitrafficking organizations (particularly those related to carceral feminism and social work), this study maps out how whorephobic, xenophobic, and racist antitrafficking discourses have become embedded in institutional discourses and into the laws and policies that regulate investigations into sex work and massage parlours. However, Asian migrant workers are not simply victims of these laws. This study also reveals the autonomy and resiliency of Asian women and how they are organizing to challenge the dominant discourse about massage work, sex workers, and human trafficking to create progressive institutional and policy change. This dissertation makes important contributions to critical human trafficking studies, abolitionism, and activist scholarship.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.