The aim of this thesis is to evaluat the present state of herb layer vegetation after disturbance of mountanin Norway spruce forests in the Šumava National Park and wheather the herb layer vegetation of the mountain Norway spruce forest is determined by a spatial structure of general level of the upper canopy before disturbance even after twenty years. Overall, seven areas around Březník were evaluated. Releves of various one square meter areas which were situated under dead standing trees, under former subdominant trees, and in canopy gaps was conducted. Overall 242 phytocenological releves were made. The evaluation was supplemented by a tentative research of soil conditions with 22 soil samples taken. The results of phytocenological releves indicate that there is a connection between herb layer vegetation and its habitat of former canopy gaps, and a habitat of dead standing tree, which had formed the general level of the upper canopy in the past. However, the difference 20 years after the disturbance is not very significant, but it is still noticeable. It was discover that Avenella flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus are located in plots under dead standing tree and subdominant tree spruce compared to Luzula sylvatica which mostly appears in canopy gaps. The results also demonstrate, that the structure of herb-layer vegetation is conditional on habitat circumstances, particulary on the presence of rocks at the location. In areas where coverage of rock is higher Vaccinium myrtillus prevails and there is higher coverage of Norway spruce (Picea abies).

My thesis tested efect of mycorrhizal fungy on herbal cutting. There was two terms propagation of four species. Syringa meyeri 'Palibin', Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch', Cornus alba and Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow'. Experiment had two variantion and three repeats. Plants couldn't be nursed. Most of the results are inconclusive, because of the high losses. For species of Syringa meyeri 'Palibin' was demonstrated high influence of mycorrhizal fungi. There were also differences in terms. Overlay film had a positive impact only on Cornus alba. For species Cornus alba and Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch' second term was more successful. When propagation of mycorrhiza has high potential.

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Canopy gaps created by falling or the death of one or more trees in the closed canopy forests are a natural part of the temperate forests in temperate zones. There are studies that describe this disturbing mechanism helpful in forest restoration and regeneration of primary virgin forests. Much more frequent in the forests of the Central European country, however, are secondary forests, which originated in the area after the previous human impact in places that were gradually abandoned and successionally overgrown up to the stage of forest communities. And in this type of forest, I tried to capture the effect and impact on vegetation clearings in the undergrowth. The results, presented in this paper come from the area Doupovské mountains, of the military area Hradiště, where there are fragments of pioneer forests established after the displacement of the population in the 50s of the last century. The goal of this thesis was to find out how these canopy gaps affect species composition and diversity of undergrowth pioneer forests and how important are selected environmental conditions on the composition and diversity of undergrowth vegetation. I was able to show that gaps in pioneer forests create an environment for species that normally don't occur under the closed canopy. Light has a significant...

The aim of presented diploma thesis was to characterize baby beverages for early infant feeding. Theoretical part deals with baby foods and beverages including breast milk. Practical part is focused on analysis of active substances in 21 commercially available fruit and herbal instant granular baby beverages and in 3 packaged tea bags for infant and toddler age. To evaluation of antioxidant properties some group parameters were used - total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total antioxidant activity and anthocyanins. All of them were analysed by using spectrophotometrical methods. For identification and quantification of individual phenolic substances was used RP-HPLC/UV-VIS and HPLC/PDA/LC-MS, identification of individual mono- and disaccharides was performed by HPLC/RI. L-ascorbic acid supplemented to some children's drinks was analysed by HPLC-NH2/UV. Protein analysis was performed by Experion microfluidic electrophoresis system (BioRad) and protein concentration was verified by colorimetric method. In general, the highest content of phenolic compounds was shown in tea bags when compared with instant granular beverages that contain mostly added simple carbohydrates. Using contact microbial tests proved immediately after opening and also during manipulation with tea boxes was verified that analysed baby teas are in agreement with strict hygiene requirements for baby beverages.

This thesis was written up at the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants under Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in Lednice. The thesis deals with rooting of woody species of chosen kinds of Ornamental wood. The experiment was performed for Berberis thunbergii ´Rose Glow´ and for Syringa meyeri ´Palibin´ in two terms (16.6.2016 and 1.8.2016) and in four variants. The fourth variant was for control only.

Diploma thesis is focused on blooming herbaceous mixes and possible ways of using them in landscape architecture designing. Related terms connected to the term of blooming herbaceous mixes are characterized by several authors. Brief history of using meadows in landscape architecture and particular cathegories of herbaceous mixes are another part of the work as well as possible ways of using herbaceous mixtures by describing existing realizations. Landscape architecture study, which is based on several analysis, is included in design part of the thesis. There was created housing area and a recreational space serving for village inhabittants as well as for tourists. Emphasis was placed on proper using of herbaceous mixes and the main focus was on perennial herbaceous mixes established by sowing. There was created establishing technology with costing for assembled plant mixes.

This diploma thesis deals with the production of herbal drops from Echinacea and the determination of the content of selected active substances. In the theoretical part, the taxonomic classification of echinacea, its botanical characteristics and growing conditions are mentioned. The history of cultivation and uses of this plant are also mentioned. An important chapter of the theoretical part is the chemical composition of the plant and differences in composition between individual cultivars of Echinacea. Methods for obtaining active substances and their determination are also mentioned. The last chapter is devoted to the technology of production of echinacea drops. In the experimental part, the extraction was optimized for dried flowers and roots of E. purpurea. The following extraction system was determined for the flowers: 40% ethanol, time 6 hours, weight to solvent ratio 1:10 and room temperature. For the roots, 20% ethanol and a time of 24 hours, a ratio of 1:10 and room temperature were evaluated as the best conditions. Furthermore, the best extracts were prepared, in which the content of total phenolic substances was set at 0.799-0.839 mg/ml, then the antioxidant activity was determined in the range from 116 to 242 µg T/ml, and finally the analysis of aromatic substances was performed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Two commercial samples were also tested to compare the prepared extracts.

Purpose of this thesis was research the content of biologically active substances in herbal rosehip extracts and also determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of these extracts. Teoretical part describes informations about Rosa canina L., detailed specification of biologically active substances, specification of antioxidation and overview of methods determine antioxidant compound and antimicrobial activity. In the practical part was by combination of different solvents, procedures and herbal materials, made 21 extracts of Rosa canina L.. From measuring of these extracts, was made extraction curves and also was determined antimicrobial efficiency against bacterial strains Serratia marcescesns, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Results shows, that also all extracts has some antimicrobial activity, but only against microorganisms Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. Also was found that bud extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in ethanol, meanwhile rose hip extracts contains more bioactive compounds soluble in water.

The topic of the diploma thesis was the study of the influence of commercial mycorrhizal preparation on the rooting of softwood cuttings of two selected species of ornamental shrubs (Forsythia × intermedia 'Maluch' and Weigela florida 'Piccolo'). The main objective was to find out whether the mycorrhizal preparation can make the process of vegetative propagation more efficient and favourably influence the formation of roots. The used preparation contained arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus, two different amounts of the preparation were used. The experiment was carried out in the summer months of the year 2016. The experiment was founded in a plastic greenhouse on the ground of the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice in Moravia (the Czech Republic), two main terms of propagation passed (in June and August) and one supplementary term passed (in August). The total number of adventitious roots, the number of branched roots, the length of shoots and the mortality of cuttings were evaluated. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was evaluated in the laboratory under the microscope. The results of the experiment did not show that the used mycorrhizal preparation can positively affect the rooting of softwood cuttings, the application of the mycorrhizal inoculum did not improve the efficiency of vegetative propagation and did not provide convincing advantages. Mycorrhizal fungi did not stimulate the growth of cuttings, and in fact they did not influence the number of adventitious roots neither in Forsythia × intermedia 'Maluch', nor in Weigela florida 'Piccolo'. The only significant positive was that the Weigela florida 'Piccolo' had a higher number of branched roots after inoculation. The observation of roots under the microscope showed that the roots of both species were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but the extent of colonization did not reach high levels. Mycorrhizal inoculation of propagation substrate cannot be recommended as an effective method that would improve rooting. However, it should be added that the experiment only passed for one year and the results were based only on one term of propagation. Thus the influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the rooting of plant cuttings should be the subject of further research.