The structural change in the United States economy represented by the growth of the service sector has received a great deal of discussion and analysis in recent years. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that have determined the growth of the separate service sectors (namely distributive, personal, social, and business) from 1960 to 1980 in the regional economy of California. The research addresses many issues. First, a general discussion is presented of the structural change in the United States economy toward a growing service sector. An obvious indicator of this change is the disproportionately higher rate of employment growth in the service industries as compared to the goods producing sectors. Second, it is pointed out that the current structural shift toward service affects the regional economy in shifting the labor force toward a service-oriented economy. Establishing the basic facts of this change, the research investigates the role of the four service industries in the region of California. This is carried out by analyzing the market and industrial factors thought to be the determinants of this growth and the causes of decentralization within the metropolitan areas in California. The empirical findings offer some answers to question of cause for employment changes in the service industries in the regional economy. The most important is that the growth of employment in the four service industries is not brought about by a single factor. Rather, growth is attributable to a combination of market and industrial variables, and the relative strength of the variables differs among the different service industries. The research also presents findings about the relationships among the service industries in terms of the employment changes in them. In general the research provides a contribution to future discussions of the service industries in the metropolitan labor market of the regional economy, and of the nature of regional occupational growth arising out of the structural change described.

Gravity, magnetic and seismic data indicate that the oceanic crust is 9.7 km thick west of the Continental Borderland. The top of the mantle is about 12 km deep under the Borderland, and deepens to 27 km beneath the Peninsular Ranges of Baja California. The mantle is about 20 km below the surface of the Imperial Valley and deepens to 27 km under the area east of the Imperial Valley. The age of the youngest detectable remnant magnetic anomaly over the oceanic crust is about 16.5 million years at 21.3°N Lat. and decreases to the south. A magnetic anomaly expected along the continuation of the San Benito Fault Zone is not detected by this study. A gravity low along the base of the Patton Escarpment is at least partially the result of a buried trench-like depression. In the vicinity of 31.3°N Lat., 119.3°W Long. this depression is filled with 2 km of sediments. The geophysical and geological data are interpreted as indicating a 6 km thick section of Franciscan rocks that extends from the west edge of the Borderland to the Coronado Escarpment. Magnetic data suggest that an ophiolite may be present within or on top of the Franciscan rocks. Several of the ridges in the Borderland have cores of high density rocks which are interpreted as intrusives. The area just south of the San Clemente basin has an anomalously thin upper crust. The gross crustal structure of this region is comparable to the Imperial Valley region and may represent a former site of crustal rifting which occurred when the East Pacific Rise was subducted under this part of the North American plate. North of the Santo Tomas Fault Zone are several basins filled with more than 3 km of sediments, but south of this fault zone the sediment cover is discontinuous and generally less than 2 km thick. / Graduation date: 1978

Marine geophysical data from the continental margin of Baja California and the Gulf of California, and geological and geophysical data from the Baja California Peninsula and mainland Mexico, outline the major geologic and tectonic features of the Baja California Peninsula and the surrounding areas from 24.5° N. Lat. to 27.5° N. Lat. A crustal and subcrustal cross section consistent with observed gravity and magnetic anomalies, and constrained by seismic refraction stations and the mapped surface geology shows major variations of density and magnetization in these areas. A geologic interpretation of the cross section indicates the rocks of the Pacific continental margin are composed of unconsolidated and semiconsolidated sediments. Tertiary sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock of Franciscan type, and continental crystalline rock probably corresponding to the Peninsular Range batholith. The depth to mantle under the Baja California Peninsula is postulated to be 20 km. In the Gulf of California a section of low-density mantle beginning at a depth of 11 km is necessary to fit the observed gravity values and accounts for the low seismic velocities associated with the mantle in the Gulf. The correlation between the observed magnetic anomalies on the Pacific continental margin of the Baja California Peninsula and the theoretical magnetic anomalies expected from a spreading center shows that the youngest identifiable remanent anomaly on the Pacific side of south central Baja California is anomaly 3' formed at 6 my B.P. The remanent magnetic anomalies extend 50 km landward from the western edge of the continental slope. / Graduation date: 1978

The WSR-57 weather radar operated by the National Weather Service at Sacramento, California, plus a network of precipitation gages provided data for this comparison of radar reflectivity with precipitation rates. Located in a valley with mountains within range of the radar on three sides, this radar has varying sensitivity for precipitation rates as a result of the terrain effects. Variation in the terrain surrounding the radar has led to a very wide scatter in precipitation rates associated with any particular radar reflectivity. The radar failed to detect precipitation up to 77% of the time over the Coast Range at ranges greater than 100 nm. Linear regression analyses revealed very poor correlation between the raingage indicated precipitation rate and the radar reflectivity. These analyses resulted in values of (R²), the coefficient of determination, ranging from zero as a minimum to only 0.502 as a maximum. Such results are generally much poorer than results obtained by others. The poor correlations and both overestimation and underestimation of rainfall resulted from factors such as range, terrain blocking, windward or leeward exposure, freezing level height, beam height and width, and the distribution of water vapor in the vertical. / Graduation date: 1976

To assist in the assessment of the geothermal potential of north-central California and to aid in defining the geologic transitions between the physiographic provinces of the Klamath Range, the Cascade Range, the Modoc Plateau, the Great Valley, and the Sierra Nevada Range, personnel from the Geophysics Group in the College of Oceanography at Oregon State University conducted a detailed aeromagnetic survey extending from 40°15' to 42°00'N latitude and from 120°45' to l22°45'W longitude. Two forms of spectral analysis, the energy spectrum and the exponential methods, were used to make source-top and source-bottom depth calculations. The magnetic source-bottom depths were interpreted as Curie-point isotherm depths. Based on the energy spectrum analysis, several regions with elevated Curie-point isotherm depths were mapped: (1) the Secret Spring Mountain-National Lava Beds Monument area, (2) the Mount Shasta area, (3) the Big Valley Mountains area, and (4) an area northeast of Lassen Peak. The elevated Curie-point isotherm depths within these areas, as shallow as 4 to 7 km below sea level (BSL) in the Secret Spring Mountain-National Lava Beds Monument area, the Mount Shasta area, and the area northeast of Lassen Peak, and 4 to 6 km BSL in the Big Valley Mountains area, imply vertical temperature gradients in excess of 70°C/km and heat flow greater than 100 mW/m² when assuming a Curie-point temperature of 580°C. Shallow source-bottom depths of 4 to 5 km BSL were mapped in the Eddys Mountain area and interpreted to be the depth of a lithologic contact. Source-top depths show that the magnetic basement varies from about 3.5 km BSL, beneath the sedimentary assemblages of the Great Valley and the eastern Klamath Range, to near sea level in the Cascade Range. The exponential approximation method yielded source-bottom depths which agreed, in general, with depths determined by the energy spectrum method. However, this method appears less reliable and its depth estimates less accurate compared to the energy spectrum method. A broad negative anomaly, observed on the total field magnetic intensity map and low-pass filtered anomaly maps, suggests the sedimentary rocks of the Klamath Complex underlie Mount Shasta and the Medicine Lake Highlands. Magnetic lineations are oriented mainly NW. / Graduation date: 1984

MOCNESS plankton tows, sediment traps and sedimentary material are used to determine the linkage between bio-physical forcing and foraminiferal response over a range of time scales from the event scale to the glacial interglacial cycle. The annually averaged planktic foraminiferal fauna of the modem California Current is a diverse community composed of individuals from subarctic, transitional, and subtropical foraminiferal assemblages. This community is more diverse, but less abundant in total standing stock and shell flux than the subarctic community of the Gulf of Alaska. The use of plankton tow and isotopic data allow us to partition the foraminiferal community into shallow dwelling euphotic zone species and deep dwelling sub-thermocline species. On both the event and seasonal time scales, heterotrophic species were most abundant in cold, biomass rich coastal waters. In contrast, species which harbored endosymbionts were more abundant in oligotrophic waters with higher ambient light levels. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the diverse modern fauna was replaced with a low diversity, high flux, heterotrophic community similar to that of the modern Gulf of Alaska. Modern analog temperature estimates suggest the California Current was roughly 3��C cooler during the LGM than today. Coupled with oxygen isotopic results from G. bulloides, the surface thermal structure implies an equatorward flowing glacial California Current at these sites. The Polar Front thus remained north of these locations during the LGM. Comparison of glacial G. bulloides carbon isotopes and shell accumulation rates with organic carbon flux estimates implies the glacial California Current was (1) higher in nutrient content, (2) lower in plankton biomass, and (3) lower in export carbon flux than its modem counterpart. This description suggests that during the LGM the plankton community of the California Current was very similar to the modern plankton community of the Gulf of Alaska. / Graduation date: 1996

In this study, I use bioarchaeological data derived from human burials to evaluate subsistence change in mid-to-late Holocene central California (circa 4950-200 B.P.). Previous investigations in the region have proposed two competing models to account for changes in subsistence patterns. The seasonal stress hypothesis argues that the increased reliance on acorns and small seeds during the late Holocene led to improved health status, since these resources could be stored and used as a “buffer” against seasonal food shortages. In contrast, resource intensification models predict temporal declines in health during the late Holocene, as measured by a decline in dietary quality and health status, increased population crowding, and greater levels of sedentism. I test the hypothesis that health status, as measured by childhood stress and disease indicators, declined during the late Holocene in central California. I analyzed 511 human skeletons from ten archaeological sites in the Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay area to investigate temporal and spatial variability in diet and health. I analyzed a subset (n = 111) of this sample to evaluate prehistoric dietary patterns using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Indicators of health status show significant temporal and regional variation. In the Valley, tibial periosteal reactions, porotic hyperostosis, and enamel hypoplasias significantly increased through time, implying a decline in health status. In the Bay, health indicators show little temporal variability. However, inter-regional comparisons indicate a higher prevalence of stress and disease indicators among Bay Area skeletons than in the Valley skeletal series. The stable isotope data from human bone collagen and apatite also indicate significant interregional differences in prehistoric diets between the Bay and the Valley. In the Bay, diets shifted from high trophic level marine foods to a more terrestrially focused diet over time. In the Valley, there are no significant dietary trends observed in the data. Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss are significantly more prevalent in the Valley than in the Bay, and closely match the isotopic findings. The paleopathological findings provide support for late Holocene resource intensification models posited for the Valley, but not for the Bay Area.

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Physical Oceanography))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Collins, Curt. Second Reader: Margolina, Tetyana. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: California Current, RAFOS floats, current meters, seasonal variability, mesoscale eddies, tides. Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-263). Also available in print.

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