A Christian’s calling is largely misunderstood among the Churches today by both the clergy and the laity. It is not just a call to believe the Gospel, nor is it merely a call to pastoral ministry or to the mission field, rather it is a call to do specific good works that God has prepared in advance for you to do (cf. Eph.2:10). Rick Warren contends that this especially focused ministry depends on the way God has 'shaped' you. SHAPE stands for spiritual gifts, heart, abilities, personality and experience. Warren’s SHAPE analysis is a useful tool to help equip Christians by identifying their callings. Church elders could incorporate elements of SHAPE analysis into their equipping process and thus bring great benefit and clarity to those who battle to discern their call to specific good works. While the plain reading and applying of the Bible (according to the literal, grammatical, historical hermeneutic) is the primary method of guidance and is sufficient for identifying a Christian’s calling and equipping him to do it (cf. 2Tim. 3:16-17), this does not prevent the use of other helpful tools such as SHAPE analysis. Unfortunately many Christians do not devote themselves to a study of the Bible and so they lack general knowledge of it and therefore lack direction when it comes to their ministry calling. Christians therefore need all the help they can get, including SHAPE analysis. Care does need to be exercised when using SHAPE analysis for it can be understood as being highly introspective, which has dangers attached to it and even includes personality-analysis, which lacks Biblical precedent. The absence of thorough Bible study and godly character from the calling equation is also a cause for concern and makes SHAPE analysis deficient on its own to equip the believer effectively for ministry. Using SHAPE in addition to the general application of the Bible is however most beneficial. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

abstract: Next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for detecting genetic variation. How-ever, it is also error-prone, with error rates that are much larger than mutation rates. This can make mutation detection difficult; and while increasing sequencing depth can often help, sequence-specific errors and other non-random biases cannot be de- tected by increased depth. The problem of accurate genotyping is exacerbated when there is not a reference genome or other auxiliary information available. I explore several methods for sensitively detecting mutations in non-model or- ganisms using an example Eucalyptus melliodora individual. I use the structure of the tree to find bounds on its somatic mutation rate and evaluate several algorithms for variant calling. I find that conventional methods are suitable if the genome of a close relative can be adapted to the study organism. However, with structured data, a likelihood framework that is aware of this structure is more accurate. I use the techniques developed here to evaluate a reference-free variant calling algorithm. I also use this data to evaluate a k-mer based base quality score recalibrator (KBBQ), a tool I developed to recalibrate base quality scores attached to sequencing data. Base quality scores can help detect errors in sequencing reads, but are often inaccurate. The most popular method for correcting this issue requires a known set of variant sites, which is unavailable in most cases. I simulate data and show that errors in this set of variant sites can cause calibration errors. I then show that KBBQ accurately recalibrates base quality scores while requiring no reference or other information and performs as well as other methods. Finally, I use the Eucalyptus data to investigate the impact of quality score calibra- tion on the quality of output variant calls and show that improved base quality score calibration increases the sensitivity and reduces the false positive rate of a variant calling algorithm. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020

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This master‘s thesis analyzes the impact of the use of technical equipment for the driver reaction time. There are described the legal requirements for the use of technical devices by the driver in the vehicle. There are analyzed the types of technical devices used by drivers and mainly discussed the issue of drivers' reaction times. They assessed factors affecting reaction time, ways of measuring the reaction time and the type of reaction times. They discussed earlier research from the beginning of the measurement of reaction times to the latest research, dealing with the measurement of reaction times when using a mobile phone. The practical part is devoted to perform road tests on a sample of drivers and evaluate their reaction times during normal driving and during a call. The measured and evaluated data are commented with respect to the benefits of expert activities in the field of transport.

In the last years, the amount of available data in the field of computational biology steadily increased. In order to be able to analyze these data, various algorithms have been developed by bioinformaticians to process them efficiently. Moreover, computational models were developed to predict for instance biological relationships of species. Furthermore, the prediction of properties like the structure of certain biological molecules is modeled by complex algorithms. Despite these advances in handling such complicated tasks with automated workflows and a huge variety of freely available tools, the expert still needs to supervise the data analysis pipeline inspecting the quality of both the input data and the results. Additionally, choosing appropriate parameters of a model is quite involved. Visual support puts the expert into the data analysis loop by providing visual encodings of the data and the analysis results together with interaction facilities. In order to meet the requirements of the experts, the visualizations usually have to be adapted for the application purpose or completely new representations have to be developed. Furthermore, it is necessary to combine these visualizations with the algorithms of the experts to prepare the data. These in-situ visualizations are needed due to the amount of data handled within the analysis pipeline in this domain. In this thesis, algorithms and visualizations are presented that were developed in two different research areas of computational biology. On the one hand, the multi-replicate peak-caller Sierra Platinum was developed, which is capable of predicting significant regions of histone modifications occurring in genomes based on experimentally generated input data. This algorithm can use several input data sets simultaneously to calculate statistically meaningful results. Multiple quality measurements and visualizations were integrated into to the data analysis pipeline to support the analyst. Based on these in-situ visualizations, the analyst can modify the parameters of the algorithm to obtain the best results for a given input data set. Furthermore, Sierra Platinum and related algorithms were benchmarked against an artificial data set to evaluate the performance under specific conditions of the input data set, e.g., low read quality or undersequenced data. It turned out that Sierra Platinum achieved the best results in every test scenario. Additionally, the performance of Sierra Platinum was evaluated with experimental data confirming existing knowledge. It should be noticed that the results of the other algorithms seemed to contradict this knowledge. On the other hand, this thesis describes two new visualizations for RNA secondary structures. First, the interactive dot plot viewer iDotter is described that is able to visualize RNA secondary structure predictions as a web service. Several interaction techniques were implemented that support the analyst exploring RNA secondary structure dot plots. iDotter provides an API to share or archive annotated dot plots. Additionally, the API enables the embedding of iDotter in existing data analysis pipelines. Second, the algorithm RNApuzzler is presented that generates (outer-)planar graph drawings for all RNA secondary structure predictions. Previously presented algorithms failed in always producing crossing-free graphs. First, several drawing constraints were derived from the literature. Based on these, the algorithm RNAturtle was developed that did not always produced planar drawings. Therefore, some drawing constraints were relaxed and additional drawing constraints were established. Building on these modified constraints, RNApuzzler was developed. It takes the drawing generated by RNAturtle as an input and resolves the possible intersections of the graph. Due to the resolving mechanism, modified loops can become very large during the intersection resolving step. Therefore, an optimization was developed. During a post-processing step the radii of the heavily modified loops are reduced to a minimum. Based on the constraints and the intersection resolving mechanism, it can be shown that RNApuzzler is able to produce planar drawings for any RNA secondary structure. Finally, the results of RNApuzzler are compared to other algorithms.

The Grace Working in the States of Life The work procedes with the view of God's grace as the special gift for each state of life. I come from the fact that man, without God, who created him was not anything that was created by God. Without his grace could not even reach salvation. It treats also basic division of the grace to ,sanctifying grace and sacramental graces. The work of grace in human life is discussed in the section calling and election. Implementation of life in grace is developed in four states of life: lay, consecrated, the ministerial priesthood and married state. The work tries to show the greatness and effectiveness of the gift of God's grace, which leads man throughout his whole life. Keywords Grace Sacrament Calling Election State of life

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) administration in the endangered boreal toad (Bufo boreas boreas) and common Fowler’s toad (Bufo fowleri). The objectives of this study were to determine if AVT could elicit: 1) calling, and 2) amplexus behaviors. Toads were paired into single male:female groups and administered AVT at varying concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 25.0 μg/g and in different combinations: 1) only male was treated; 2) only female was treated, and 3) both male and female treated. AVT failed to stimulate any breeding behavior in the boreal toad, but the administration of AVT to both B. Fowleri genders significantly affected the duration of amplexus (p<0.0347). Also, the concentration of AVT significantly affected the length of amplexus (p<0.0429) and call frequency (p<0.0294). These results will be valuable for breeding programs where animals are failing to show natural reproductive behavior.

The aim of this essay is to present and analyse six calling narratives that has been collected from six different priests. Three of them belong to the Roman Catholic Church and three of them belong to the Church of Sweden. I have chosen to have priests from two different churches because I also want to investigate if their calling narratives can be connected to the church they belong to. To be ordained in any of these two churches one´s calling must be acknowledged by the Church involved. In the Church of Sweden, they look at the calling (or vocation) as something with two dimensions, the inner calling and the outer calling. Meanwhile the Roman Catholic Church looks at the calling as one dimensional.  The calling narratives has been collected by interviews with each priest. The interviews have been semi-structured, with the intention that the priests should have been able to talk freely about what they have found important. The main questions, that all the priests got, was “Why did you choose to become a priest?”, “How did you assure yourself that the calling was from God?” and lastly “What has the calling meant in your role as a priest?”.  The essays questions are what the priests think has been crucial for their journeys to become priests, and also if there is possible to see any difference between how the priests from the Roman Catholic Church assured themselves that the calling was from God compared to how the priests from the Church of Sweden assured themselves that the calling was from God. The answer to the first question is that I noticed two different kinds of narratives, one where the calling narrative was described as a process and one where it was affected by one specific experience. The answer to the second question is that I saw a pattern where all the priests from the Church of Sweden described that confirmation from other people, about their adequacy for the priest role, had been crucial to them, while none of the priests from the Roman Catholic Church brought that up.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The training to become a traditional healer has been under scrutiny because of the symptoms that are experienced during ancestral calling. Ancestral calling usually presents itself in the form of a mysterious physical or psychological illness that will not ordinarily respond to western treatment. The Eurocentric perspective interprets the symptoms of ancestral calling and the resultant process to become a traditional health practitioner as a manifestation of some psychological disturbance. The researcher embarked on a journey with traditional health practitioners to understand their lived experiences and explored the psychological meanings of Vhavenda ancestral calling with a view to identifying and documenting the psychological meanings embedded in this culturally entrenched practice. A qualitative research method located within the interpretative paradigm was used. A descriptive phenomenological research design was adopted to explore the lived experiences of traditional health practitioners who have gone through the process of ancestral calling. Both snowball and purposive sampling methods were used to recruit 17 participants until saturation was researched in the findings. The six major themes that emerged are: a) signs of ancestral calling; b) meaning attached to ancestral calling; c) help-seeking pathway following an ancestral call; d) responding to the ancestral call; e) roles of the master healer; and f) post training realities and experiences. The findings of the study revealed that there are several symptoms that are indicative that one has an ancestral calling. These symptoms are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed when interpreted from the Eurocentric perspective. However, accepting the ancestral calling and going through training is linked with identity formation. The findings also revealed that ancestral calling is a life-transforming and therapeutic experience and a journey of self realisation / South African Humanities Deans’ Association and the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences