The links between technological and competitive strategies of business units (BUs) trying to achieve a competitive edge in the market have recently drawn a considerable amount of attention. Current research recognizes the strategic nature of technology itself and suggests that business managers have to understand their technological environments before they can gain any substantial competitive advantage. This study provides a structural framework for empirical research into the relationship between a business unit's technological strategy and its competitive strategy, in the context of its technological environment. Using the Profit Impact of Market Strategy (PIMS) Data Base, a sample of 3,336 business units in the U.S. and Canada are cross-classified into stable, fertile and turbulent technological environments and by the three stages (growth, mature and decline) of their product life-cycle. Analysis of variance is applied to a set of variables in an exploratory attempt to determine response patterns of five Technological Strategy variables (dependent variables) in each of six Strategic Configurations (independent variables). The research attempts to examine the links that emerge between Technological Strategy and Competitive Strategy variables, in the context of BUs' technological environment and stage of product life-cycle. The sample is divided into U.S. and Canadian business units to explore any significant differences in competitive positioning between the two countries.

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John Campbell (1806-1891) was one of about 370 Scottish handloom weavers who brought his technical and professional skills to Ontario in the mid- to late-nineteenth century. From 1859 to 1885, Campbell recorded customer orders for close to 54,000 yards of cloth in a 302-page account book, a document which reveals the relationship between producers and consumers in nineteenth-century rural Ontario. This thesis is a quantitative and qualitative examination of Campbell’s inputs and outputs using his account book, looms and textiles. The analysis of Campbell goes beyond the current historiography of handloom weavers by utilizing evidence from documentary sources and material culture contributing to the larger understanding of a self-employed artisan’s production. The case study of one weaver with this level of detail has not been performed to date and provides an important link for the partnership between handloom weavers and their customers. While Campbell’s customers provided a necessary infrastructure for him to operate by participating in pre- and post-weaving production, Campbell’s presence satisfied his customers’ needs not only for cloth, but a way of life that maintained economic and social stability for men and women in south-western Ontario. This thesis conveys the layers of complexity of weaver, technology and customers at the end of an era for handloom weaving in Ontario.

This thesis concerns the development of the short story in Canada from 1935 to 1955. The political, social and economic background has been briefly surveyed and related to the developments in the story in character, subjects, theme, and form. Each of the chapters deals with one of the four periods into which this development may be divided. In each chapter collections, anthologies, and stories from periodicals have been discussed. Chapter I, 1935 - 1940, studies the transition which was taking place in the depression period as the story shifted from man in conflict with nature to man in society. Chapter II, 1946 – 1950, reveals that, in the war years, the story was often concerned with social protest, although there was some opposition to this type. Little magazines became an important influence in this period. Chapter III, 1946 - 1950, shows that in the post-war period, the writers often built their stories around a psychological or psychoanalytic insight into characters. Chapter IV, 1950 - 1955, saw a lull in story writing; however, in those which were written, a greater complexity in character and a centering on ideas was present. What is evident in each period is a growing maturity, which is reflected in the types of characters presented, the subjects and themes which they reveal, and the form through which they are presented. In connection with the general development of the story, each chapter has noted also the availability of places for publication within Canada, general Canadian qualities, and regional influences. It has been found that, although the story development was conservative, the authors did usually deal with contemporary Canadian situations and problems. The study concludes with a bibliography. This was compiled because of a lack of Information on the short story in Canada. No separate listing of the collections and anthologies published during this period exists. The only listings of stories in the periodicals are those to be found in the Canadian Periodical Index, which are arranged by author and title. For convenience in the study of development, this list has been compiled chronologically. Sections I and II list respectively the collections and anthologies published by Canadian writers from 1935 to 1955. Section III is a list of the stories published in certain Canadian periodicals. Only those authors who published 5 or more stories in the periodicals examined are included. Section IV is a list of Canadian Periodicals publishing short stories during these years. Section V Is a list of references used in preparing this thesis. This bibliography is useful in determining the relative importance of the periodicals which have contained stories, in comparing the number of stories in each period, and in tracing the activity of the authors. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

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<p> Research demonstrates that problem-based learning (PBL) teaching strategies raise student achievement and skills needed for the 21st century. Research also found that educators enjoy using PBL, students enjoy learning through PBL, and PBL motivates students to succeed in science classrooms. The descriptive, comparative study focused on science raw scores obtained from two schools in the Southern region of the United States and presented an analysis of the difference between two groups of sixth-grade students&rsquo; science scores. One group of scores was from classes whose teachers implemented PBL and the other group was from classes whose teachers did not implement PBL. The study addressed one central research question: Is there a statistically significant difference in raw state exam scores when implementing PBL teaching strategies instead of non-PBL teaching strategies among sixth-grade science students in two schools located in the Southeastern United States? The researcher analyzed archived data of 357 fifth- and sixth-grade students from two schools in the Southeastern region of the United States. The study used descriptive statistics, an independent <i>t</i> test, and a Levene&rsquo;s test to identify the significance between the two sixth-grade groups using 2014&ndash;2015 school data. Descriptive statistics showed that students taught using PBL scored an average of 15.48 points higher on the assessment than students in a non-PBL classroom. The independent <i>t</i> test found a two-tailed significance value or <i>p</i> value of 0.000. Results suggest that students taught using PBL teaching strategies score significantly higher on the sixth-grade science state exam assessment than students taught using non-PBL teaching strategies.</p><p>

As the English and French grappled for North American hegemony in the first half of the eighteenth century, trade with the Indian groups of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley transcended mere financial calculations and assumed a broader imperial significance. to the native peoples who exchanged their peltry for European manufactured goods, trade was the material manifestation of mutual obligation, political dialogue, and military alliance. If the contest for empire inevitably became a battle for the hearts and minds of potential Indian allies, the spoils of victory were most visibly reckoned in furs and skins.;Yet, despite the outspoken criticism of William J. Eccles, historians of Anglo-French trade rivalry continue to embrace the dubious claims of Cadwallader Colden and other eighteenth-century American imperialists that Canadian traders could not compete on level economic ground with their New York and Pennsylvania counterparts. Allegedly beset with shoddy and costly French goods, a jealous monopoly company that greedily fixed the price of furs and skins, and the levies and restrictions of a militaristic state, Canadians were deemed unable to match the success of their Anglo-American competitors, who conversely reaped the benefits of cheap and superior trade merchandise in a commerce largely free of meddling monopolists and obtrusive officials.;A rigorous cross-border comparison of trade-good costs, transportation charges, and peltry prices deflates this hoary myth of Anglo-American economic superiority. With few exceptions, French-Canadian fur traders supplied goods of equal or better quality at rates of exchange competitive with their New York and Pennsylvania rivals. Purely economic considerations, however, never determined success in the trade. as frustrated Anglo-American officials readily admitted, the cohesive and scrupulously-managed French-Canadian trade network proved aptly suited to winning and maintaining Indian friendship and alliance, while unregulated and unscrupulous American traders perennially poisoned Anglo-Indian relations. The persistence of characteristically Canadian commercial practices and Indian trade loyalties despite the 1760 conquest of New France is, perhaps, the most compelling measure of French-Canadian preeminence in the eighteenth-century contest for North American trade and empire.

Between the founding of the French post of Detroit in 1701 and the end of Pontiac's War in 1766, several native American peoples settled in distinct clusters around the French (and later British post) near current-day Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario. Focusing on the interactions among these communities, this dissertation makes two interrelated arguments. It first argues that, although these peoples had been challenged and changed by the forces of colonialism during the seventeenth century, they nonetheless emerged from that century as discrete ethnic, social, and political entities, rather than shattered or disintegrated refugees. A set of interconnected, mutually constituting, and consistent relationships between these separate and autonomous peoples, secondly, shaped affairs in the region just as much as the relationship between Europeans and native peoples. That colonial relationship, in fact, was embedded within and reciprocally tied to the web of relationships between native peoples. Only by understanding both exchanges between French and native peoples as well as modes of interaction between different indigenous peoples can scholars make sense of events at Detroit.;To demonstrate both the survival of these native groups as discrete peoples and the consequences of that survival, each of the first four chapters explores one of the salient relationships between native peoples at Detroit, while the final charts how these relationships shaped one event, Pontiac's War. The first chapter charts the way in which the Huron man, Cheanonvouzon, sought to compensate for his peoples' weakness by forming a "southern alliance" with two powerful groups in the region, the Miamis and Five Nations, or Iroquois. The second chapter investigates how the closely related Anishinaabe peoples---the Ottawas, Ojibwas, and Potawatomis---cooperated to meet the challenge posed by the southern alliance. The emergence of these two rival blocs led to conflict between the Hurons and Ottawas in 1738, and the third chapter places that violence within a longer pattern of competition between these peoples. Chapter Four uses a controversy among the Hurons in the 1740s and 1750s to understand the bonds which held that community together. Finally, the fifth chapter demonstrates how all of these patterns shaped one event, the Anglo-Indian conflict frequently called Pontiac's War, and situates that conflict within a local context. as scholars investigate how these relationships mutually constituted not only one another but also the colonial relationship, intercultural relations at Detroit, as well as the rest of the New World, become at once more complicated and more comprehensible.

This study focusses on the Kahnawake Iroquois Indians, a collection of individuals who emigrated from the Iroquois homeland to a Jesuit mission community, or reserve, outside of Montreal, starting in 1667.;Their history and development as a people is traced from the beginnings in 1667 up to the end of the French power in Canada, at the end of the Seven Years' War in 1760. Through the topics of diplomacy, warfare, and trade, these Kahnawake Indians are examined and it is determined that they were important players in the power politics and military balance between the English, the French, and the Iroquois proper from the 1680s to 1760.;They became a pivotal group within the French military machine in northeastern North America, but forced the French to meet them on their own terms, refusing to become subject to French authority. They initiated and sustained an illegal but highly important trade in furs and European blankets, defying the mercantilist rules of both the French and the English imperial authorities in New France and New York.;Culturally, the Kahnawake people developed a distinct identity, successfully blending elements of both traditional Iroquois and European Catholic culture. Born in an era of struggle, they thrived and maintained their distinct identity and culture in the face of imperial powers and the designs of their Iroquois relatives.

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