Capilaríase hepática é causada pela Capillaria hepática (syn. Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), uma zoonose comum entre roedores, mas apenas 72 casos humanos foram relatados na literatura mundial desde o primeiro caso descrito por MacArthur em 1924. Esse estudo buscou determinar a prevalência desse parasito em humanos e roedores de uma área urbana da cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil. Após um censo da área, 490 moradores foram aleatoriamente selecionados e foram colhidas amostras de sangue para testar anticorpos anti-Capillaria hepática e 50 ratos foram capturados para exame histopatológico em cortes de fígado. Foi encontrada nos humanos uma prevalência de 0.8% de testes positivos quando seus soros sofreram diluição de 1:400, indicando infecção verdadeira. Nos ratos, a prevalência foi de 2%. Enquanto a prevalência encontrada entre humanos está dentro dos limites encontrados na literatura, a prevalência encontrada entre roedores foi bem menor. / Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepática (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in human. Only 72 cases in human have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MacArthur in 1924. This study aimed to determine the prevalence this parasite in human and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. After conducting a census of area, 490 residents were randomly selected and, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepática antibodies. Simultaneously, 50 rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite by histopathological examination in liver sections. Was found among residents 0.8% of the subjects with positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-12T13:42:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela dos Santos Caldas Alterações Iniciais...2016.pdf: 7635538 bytes, checksum: 6a93fba431df86f82cdcef4c267b57b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-12T13:54:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela dos Santos Caldas Alterações Iniciais...2016.pdf: 7635538 bytes, checksum: 6a93fba431df86f82cdcef4c267b57b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T13:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manuela dos Santos Caldas Alterações Iniciais...2016.pdf: 7635538 bytes, checksum: 6a93fba431df86f82cdcef4c267b57b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / O espaço-porta é o local de origem da fibrose em muitas doenças crônicas hepáticas. Essa área do fígado participa da drenagem linfática hepática e abriga diversos elementos celulares potencialmente fibrogênicos. Estudos sobre a fibrose hepática relacionados à infecção experimental de ratos pelo helminto Capillaria hepatica têm demonstrado que a fibrose começa em áreas portais com a distribuição de septos que sulcam o parênquima hepático se desenvolvendo em áreas próximas ao espaço de Disse. Entretanto, apesar de esta fibrose ocorrer de forma paralela aos sinusóides, estudos têm revelado que não apenas as células estreladas hepáticas participam da fibrose septal, mas também outros tipos celulares residentes nos espaços-porta. Diante destes aspectos, o presente estudo desenvolveu-se com o intuito de investigar a contribuição das células potencialmente fibrogênicas dos espaços-porta, nas fases iniciais da infecção, onde a fibrose se concentra. Para isso, foram utilizados fragmentos de fígado, em blocos parafinados, disponíveis nos arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (CPqGM/Fiocruz) provenientes de ratos infectados com 800 ovos de Capillaria hepatica e foi possível observar que ocorreu a proliferação de colangiócitos e a concentração de miofibroblastos em áreas portais, além da ativação de células estreladas hepáticas, sendo todos os resultados vistos por meio da coloração de rotina HE, Picro-sírius vermelho e imunohistoquímica para α-actina de músculo liso, CD31 e GFAP. / Portal space is the local of origin for fibrosis in many chronic liver diseases. This area is involved with lymph drainage and contains several cell types, potentially fibrogenic. Experimental studies related to hepatic fibrosis during Capillaria hepatica infection in rats have suggested that the septal fibrosis indeed takes origin from portal spaces, with the distribution of the septs in the parenchymal region in proximity areas of Disse space. However, despite this fibrosis occurs in parallel to sinusoids, studies have revealed that not only the hepatic stellate cells participate in septal fibrosis, but also other resident cell types in the portal spaces. In face these aspects, the goal of present study was investigate the contribution of the cells potentially fibrogenic in the portal space, in the early phases of the infection. For this, blocks in paraffin available of the liver of rats infected with 800 eggs of Capillaria hepatica archived in the Laboratory of Experimental Pathology (Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz - BA), were utilized and it was observed that proliferation of colangiocytes and concentration of myofibroblasts occurred portal areas, in addition to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. All results were analised by routine staining HE, Sirius red and immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, GFAP and CD31

Capilaríase hepática é causada pela Capillaria hepática (syn. Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), uma zoonose comum entre roedores, mas apenas 72 casos humanos foram relatados na literatura mundial desde o primeiro caso descrito por MacArthur em 1924. Esse estudo buscou determinar a prevalência desse parasito em humanos e roedores de uma área urbana da cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil. Após um censo da área, 490 moradores foram aleatoriamente selecionados e foram colhidas amostras de sangue para testar anticorpos anti-Capillaria hepática e 50 ratos foram capturados para exame histopatológico em cortes de fígado. Foi encontrada nos humanos uma prevalência de 0.8% de testes positivos quando seus soros sofreram diluição de 1:400, indicando infecção verdadeira. Nos ratos, a prevalência foi de 2%. Enquanto a prevalência encontrada entre humanos está dentro dos limites encontrados na literatura, a prevalência encontrada entre roedores foi bem menor. / Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepática (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in human. Only 72 cases in human have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MacArthur in 1924. This study aimed to determine the prevalence this parasite in human and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. After conducting a census of area, 490 residents were randomly selected and, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepática antibodies. Simultaneously, 50 rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite by histopathological examination in liver sections. Was found among residents 0.8% of the subjects with positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.

<p>Imajući u vidu opasnost od zoonotske i antropozoonotske transmisije<em> Capillaria aerophila&nbsp;</em>po&nbsp;zdravlje životinja i ljudi, u ovom radu je ispitivana prevalencija kapilarijaze kod lisica&nbsp;poreklom sa različitih lokaliteta područja Vojvodine. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 146&nbsp;le&scaron;eva lisica. Uzorci lisica su prikupljani od decembra meseca 2009. do decembra meseca&nbsp;2012. godine. Sagledavanjem rezultata patolo&scaron;ke sekcije traheja i bronhija pluća 146 lisica,&nbsp;dobijena je izuzetno visoka prevalencija kapilarijaze od 77%, na osnovu čega se može&nbsp;zaključiti, da je područje Vojvodine novo područje u svetu sa izuzetno visokom prevalencom&nbsp;<em>C.</em> <em>aerophila&nbsp;</em>kod crvene lisice. Primenom koprolo&scaron;kog metoda ispitivanja kapilarijaza je&nbsp;dokazana kod 55 (41%) od ukupno 133 ispitivane lisice. Najveći broj lisica pozitivnih na&nbsp;prisustvo <em>C.</em> <em>aerophila&nbsp;</em>je bio iz Južnobačkog (24,7%) i Sremskog okruga (21,2%), a najmanji&nbsp;iz Južnobanatskog okruga (1,4%). Lisice Vojvodine su visoko infestirane kapilaridama.&nbsp;Ukupno je izolovano 1249 jedinki respiratorne nematode <em>C.</em> <em>aerophila</em>. Srednji broj nađenih&nbsp;parazita u traheji je bio 11,0, sa varijacijama od 1 do 60 kod pojedinih lisica. Među&nbsp;kapilaridama dominirale su ženke (67%), visoko reproduktivno sposobne, u odnosu na&nbsp;mužjake (33%). Korelativnom analizom između sezonskih količina padavina u Vojvodini i&nbsp;srednjeg broja nađenih adulta <em>C. aerophila&nbsp;</em>u traheji i bronhijama lisica utvrđeno je postojanje&nbsp;srednje značajne povezanosti. Patohistolo&scaron;kom analizom sluzokože traheja i tkiva pluća kod&nbsp;14 lisica, nisu bile utvrđene značajne patolo&scaron;ke promene. Ni u jednom slučaju nije bilo&nbsp;utvrđeno prisustvo parazitskih elemenata u tkivu pluća, koji bi ukazali na postojanje&nbsp;verminozne pneumonije kod lisica.&nbsp;</p> / <p>Having in mind an animal or human health hazard from zoonotic and anthropozoonotic transmissions of <em>Capillaria aerophila</em>, this paper is investigating a prevalence of capillariasis in foxes from different sites in Vojvodina.<br />Research included 146 fox corpses. Samples were gathered from December 2009 to December 2012. The resulting extremely high prevalence kapilarijaze of 77%, based on the results of pathologicalsections of the trachea and bronchi of the lung in 146 foxes, on the grounds thatit can be concluded that the area of Vojvodina new area in the world with an extremely high prevalence of&nbsp; <em>C. aerophila&nbsp;</em>in red foxes. Coprology proved capillariasis in 55 (41%) out of&nbsp; 133 examined foxes. The majority of positive foxes were from the South Bačka District (24,7%) and Syrmia (21,2%), and the smallest number of positive ones were from South Banat District (1,4%). Foxes in Vojvodina were highly infested with capillary worms. A total of 1249 <em>C. aerophila&nbsp;</em>nematode has been found. Average number of found parasites in trachea was 11,0 with variations from 1 to 60 in somefoxes. Among capillary worms, females prevailed (67%), very reproductivly capable, compared to males (33%). Correlative analysis showed the existence medium significance level of correlation between seasonal precipitation in Vojvodina, and the mean number found nematode <em>C. aerophila</em> in the trachea and bronchi fox. Pathohistology of tracheal mucosa and lung tissue in 14 foxes did not determine significant pathological changes. In neither one of the cases was determined the presence ofparasite elements in lung tissue, which would point to the existance of fox verminous pneumonia.</p>

Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T12:54:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE WELLINGTON ALMEIDA 2016.pdf: 1101288 bytes, checksum: 07cca2fd811e664315f232195abc4703 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T12:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE WELLINGTON ALMEIDA 2016.pdf: 1101288 bytes, checksum: 07cca2fd811e664315f232195abc4703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / O carcará (Caracara plancus) e o gavião-carijó (Rupornis magnirostris) são aves de rapina, predadores de topo, que habitam o território brasileiro. Possuem alimentação variada, desde animais vivos até àqueles em estado de decomposição. Diante disto, objetivou-se identificar possíveis endoparasitos do gavião-carijó e do carcará mantidos em cativeiro, além de descrever e comparar histomorfometricamente o intestino delgado de ambas as espécies. Foram utilizados seis espécimes de cada espécie. Para análise parasitológica as fezes foram coletadas e processadas pelo método de Hoffman simples. Para a histomorfometria amostras do duodeno, jejuno, íleo foram fixadas e submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina. Finalmente, as lâminas foram fotografadas e cinco variáveis foram medidas: Tamanho da Vilosidade (TV), Largura da Vilosidade (LV), Profundidade da Glândula Intestinal (PGI), Espessura do estrato Muscular Interno (EMI) e Espessura do estrato Muscular Externo (EME). Obteve-se os seguintes resultados: na análise das fezes de Rupornis magnirostris foram encontrados ovos de Capillaria sp. Na histomorfometria, os intestinos delgados de ambas as aves, apresentaram padrão heterogêneo, com diferenças significativas (p<0,001) entre o duodeno e o íleo. A comparação das medidas nas duas aves demonstrou diferenças significativas na PGI e LV do duodeno, em todas variáveis do jejuno e no TV, EMI e EME do íleo. Este estudo fornece parâmetros histomorfométricos do intestino delgado do Rupornis magnirostris e Caracara plancus, que contribuirá para melhor entendimento da biologia e consequente auxílio em programas de preservação das espécies. / The Southern Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) and the Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) are raptors, top predators that inhabit the Brazilian territory. They have varied diet, from live animals to those in a state of decomposition. Given this, it aimed to identify possible endoparasites of Roadside Hawk and Southern Crested Caracara kept in captivity, besides describe and compare histomorphometric the small intestine of both species. six specimens of each species were used. For parasitological analysis feces were collected and processed by simple Hoffman method. For histomorphometry, samples of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum were fixed and submitted to routine histological processing. Finally, the slides were photographed and five variables were measured: villus size (TV), width villus (LV) Depth gland Intestinal (PGI), Internal muscle layer thickness (EMI) and Outer muscle layer thickness (EME). This yields the following results: In analysis of feces from Rupornis magnirostris eggs of Capillaria sp. were found. In histomorphometry, small intestines of both birds showed a heterogeneous standard, with significant differences (p <0.001) between the duodenum and the ileum. The comparison of measurements in both birds showed significant differences in PGI and LV of duodenum, all variables of jejunum and in TV, EMI and EME of ileum. This study provides morphometric parameters of the small intestine of Rupornis magnirostris and Caracara plancus, which will contribute to better understanding of the biology and consequently aid in conservation programs of species.

Insgesamt 1746 Kleinsäuger aus den Familien Muridae (Murinae, Arvicolinae) und Soricidae aus dem Naturschutzgebiet ”Großer Hakel” (Sachsen-Anhalt) und der Tagebaufolgelandschaft ”Phönix-Ost und Rusendorf” Meuselwitz (Thüringen) wurden auf einen Befall mit Capillaria hepatica und Metazestoden von Bandwürmern (Cyclophyllida) untersucht. Das Tiermaterial stammte aus genehmigten faunistischen Untersuchungen aus den Jahren 1993 bis 1997 in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Halle und dem Naturkundemuseum "Mauritianum" Altenburg. Alle Mäuse wurden seziert und der Brust- und Bauchraum einschließlich aller Organoberflächen, der Subkutis, des Gehirns und der Leber untersucht. Eine Altersbestimmung der Wirte erfolgte bei den untersuchten Rötelmäusen (Clethrionomys glareolus). Erstmals in Deutschland konnte im Hakel ein stabiles Endemiegebiet von Capillaria hepatica bei Wildmäusen nachgewiesen werden. Die aus dem ”Großen Hakel” stammenden Gelbhals- (Apodemus flavicollis) und Rötelmäuse wiesen Befallshäufigkeiten von 8,5 bzw. 15,1 % auf, die Eizahlen pro Leber lagen zwischen 67 und 3 600 000. Weibliche Mäuse zeigten eine höhere Befallshäufigkeit als männliche Mäuse. Bei den Rötelmäusen konnte ein Anstieg der Befallshäufigkeit von 5,8 % der bis zu 3 Monate alten bis auf 28,6 % der bis zu einem Jahr alten Tiere beobachtet werden. Patente Infektionen waren erst in der Altersgruppe 3-6 Monate nachzuweisen. In dem Untersuchungsgebiet Meuselwitz war Capillaria hepatica bei den untersuchten 1069 Muridae und Soricidae nicht nachweisbar. Eine aktuelle Übersicht der weltweit in 53 Ländern festgestellten 137 Wirtsarten aus 25 Säugetierfamilien von Capillaria hepatica wurde zusammengestellt. Die Familie Muridae stellt mit 83 Arten die bedeutendste Wirtsgruppe dar. Bisher wurde über 56 Capillaria-hepatica-Infektionen beim Menschen (davon 39 Kinder) aus 18 Ländern berichtet. Die Leitsymptome der Erkrankung beim Menschen sind intermittierendes Fieber, Hepatomegalie, Leukozytose mit hochgradiger, persistierender Eosinophilie, Anämie, Hypergammaglobulinämie und Hypoalbuminämie. Die Serumaktivitäten von AST, ALT und LDH sind erhöht. Die Diagnose der zum Teil tödlich verlaufenden Erkrankung ist intra vitam bisher nur durch Leberbiopsie oder Laparotomie möglich. Einzelne Versuche mit serologischen Tests scheinen erfolgversprechend. Die Einzelnachweise von Capillaria hepatica bei Mensch, Hase und Sumpfbiber in Deutschland (Bayern, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt) sind als Hinweise auf bestehende Endemiegebiete zu werten. Aufgrund der weiteren Verbreitung und der diagnostischen Probleme kann von einer höheren Gefährdung des Menschen (insbesondere Kleinkinder) und der Haustiere durch den Zoonoseerreger Capillaria hepatica ausgegangen werden. Bei 10,5 % aller untersuchten Mäuse wurden Metazestoden gefunden. Die Rötelmaus wies insgesamt mit durchschnittlich 23,5 % (Meuselwitz 30,2 %, Hakel 15,1 %) die signifikant höchsten Befallshäufigkeiten mit Metazestoden auf. Insgesamt konnten bei Muridae und Soricidae in Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen Metazestoden von 8 Bandwurmgattungen bzw. -arten (Cladotaenia globifera, Mesocestoides spp., T. crassiceps, T. martis martis, T. martis americana, T. mustelae, T. polyacantha, T. taeniaeformis) nachgewiesen werden. Die breiteste Metazestodenfauna mit insgesamt 7 Arten wurde bei der Feldmaus (Microtus arvalis), nur jeweils eine Metazestodenart dagegen bei Brandmaus (Apodemus agrarius), Zwergmaus (Micromys minutus), Feldspitzmaus (Crocidura leucodon) und Waldspitzmaus (Sorex araneus) gefunden. Die Zwergspitzmaus (Sorex minutus) war nicht von Metazestoden befallen. Eine deutliche Wirtsspezifität (Feldmaus) konnte für T.-crassiceps- und T.-polyacantha-Metazestoden festgestellt werden. Im Gebiet Meuselwitz dominierten bei Muridae Metazestoden von T. mustelae (Befallshäufigkeit 9,3 %) sowie von T. martis martis (Befallshäufigkeit 6,4 %), im Hakel von T. martis martis (Befallshäufigkeit 2,5 %) sowie T. mustelae (Befallshäufigkeit 2,2 %). Während in Meuselwitz die höchsten Befallshäufigkeiten mit Metazestoden von T. mustelae (24,7 %) bei der Rötelmaus und von T. martis martis (13 %) bei der Gelbhalsmaus vorlagen, waren im Hakel die Rötelmäuse am häufigsten mit T.-mustelae- (8,2 %) und T.-martis-martis- Metazestoden (4,8 %) befallen. Mit zunehmendem Alter der Rötelmäuse stieg die Befallshäufigkeit mit Metazestoden bei dieser Tierart an. Rötelmäuse unter einem Alter von 2 Monaten waren noch nicht von Metazestoden befallen. Infektionen mit 2 Metazestodenarten traten erstmals bei 4 Monate alten Rötelmäusen auf, bei zwei Tieren im Alter von 9 bzw. 12 Monaten wurden Infektionen mit 3 Metazestodenarten (Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis americana + T. mustelae; Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis martis + T. mustelae) nachgewiesen. Bei insgesamt 10 Muriden konnten Mischinfektionen mit Capillaria hepatica und Metazestoden von Bandwürmern festgestellt werden. Bei Mäusen der Familie Soricidae sind ausschließlich Metazestoden von Cladotaenia globifera gefunden worden. Erstnachweise für Deutschland stellen Funde der Metazestoden von Cladotaenia globifera bei der Feldspitzmaus, T. martis americana bei der Rötelmaus, T. mustelae bei Erd- und Zwergmaus und T. polyacantha bei der Waldmaus dar. Das erste Mal in Europa konnten T.-martis-americana-Metazestoden bei der Feldmaus gefunden werden. Eine wichtige Einflußgröße auf die Metazestodenfauna war das Aufeinandertreffen von End- und Zwischenwirt in bestimmten Biotopen. / The occurrence of Capillaria hepatica and metacestodes of Cyclophillida was investigated in 1746 small mammals of the families Muridae (Murinae, Arvicolinae) and Soricidae from the nature reserve ”Grosser Hakel” (Saxony-Anhalt) and the former open-cast mining area "Phoenix-Ost and Rusendorf" Meuselwitz (Thuringia). The animals came from approved faunistic surveys in co-operation with the University of Halle and the natural history museum ”Mauritianum” Altenburg. All mice were sectioned and the thoracic as well as the abdominal cavity including all organ surfaces, subcutaneous tissue, brain and liver were examined. The age of all bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) was determined. In the nature reserve "Grosser Hakel"an stable endemic area of Capillaria hepatica in wild mice could be detected for the first time in Germany. The percentage of yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) infected with Capillaria hepatica in that area was 8.5 %, the percentage of bank voles infected with Capillaria hepatica in that area reached 15.1 % respectively. The number of eggs per liver ranged from 67 to 3,600,000. The proportion of infected mice was higher in female than in male mice. In bank voles the frequency of infection increased with age (from 5.8 % in the age of 3 months to 28.6 % in the age of one year). Patent infections were first detected in the age group of 3 to 6 month. No Capillaria hepatica could be found in 1069 Muridae and Soricidae examined in the Meuselwitz area. A current survey of the world-wide occurrence of Capillaria hepatica in 137 hosts of 25 mammal families was prepared. The family of Muridae (with 83 species) is the most important host group. Up to now 56 Capillaria-hepatica-infections in humans (including 39 children) from 18 different countries were reported. Major symptoms in humans are intermittent fever, hepatomegaly, leucocytosis with severe, persistent eosinophilia, anaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. The serum activities of AST, ALT and LDH are elevated. Intra-vitam diagnosis of this partly lethal disease is only possible by liver biopsy or laparatomy. First serological tests are promising. Sporadic detection of Capillaria hepatica in humans, hares and nutria in Germany (Bavaria, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt) can be regarded as an indication of existing endemic areas. A higher risk of Capillaria-hepatica-infection in humans (especially in small children) and domestic animals can be assumed on the basis of the wide distribution and the diagnostic problems. Metacestodes were found in 10.5 % of all examined mice. The bank voles showed the significantly highest rate of infection with 23.5 % (Meuselwitz 30.2 % and Hakel 15.1 %). Altogether metacestodes of 8 tapeworm genuses (Cladotaenia globifera, Mesocestoides spp., T. crassiceps, T. martis martis, T. martis americana, T. mustelae, T. polyacantha, T. taeniaeformis) could be detected in Muridae and Soricidae in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The broadest metacestode-fauna (with 7 species) was found in the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Only one metacestode-species was detected in the stripped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus), the bicoloured whitetoothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the eurasion common shrew (Sorex araneus). The pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) was not infected by metacestodes. A distinct host specificity (in the common vole) could be established for T. crassiceps and T. polyacantha. Metacestodes of T. mustelae (infection rate 9.3 %) and T. martis martis (infection rate 6.4 %) dominated in Muridae of the Meuselwitz area. In the Hakel area T. martis martis (infection rate 2.5 %) and T. mustelae (infection rate 2.2 %) dominated as well. Whereas metacestodes of T. mustelae occurred in the bank vole with an infection rate of 24.7 % and T. martis martis in yellow-necked mice with an infection rate of 13.0 % in the Meuselwitz area, T. mustelae occurred in bank voles with an infection rate of 8.2 % and T. martis martis in yellow-necked mice with an infection rate of 4.8 % in the Hakel area. The infection rate of bank voles with metacestodes increased with age. No metacestodes were found in bank voles younger than 2 month of age. Infection with 2 different metacestode-species occurred in bank voles for the first time at the age of 4 month. 3 metacestode-species were found in 2 animals at the age of 9 to 12 months (Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis americana + T. mustelae; Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis martis + T. mustelae). In 10 Muridae occurred a mixed infection with Capillaria hepatica and metacestodes of tapeworms. In mice of the Soricidae-family only metacestodes from Cladotaenia globifera could be found. For the first time in Germany were detected metacestodes of Cladotaenia globifera in the bicoloured whitetoothed shrew, of T. martis americana in bank voles, of T. mustelae in the common field vole and the harvest mouse and of T. polyacantha in the wood mouse. For the first time in Europe T. martis americana-metacestodes could be detected in the common vole. Of high importance to the metacestode-fauna was the encounter of final host and intermediate host in certain biotopes.

Insgesamt 1746 Kleinsäuger aus den Familien Muridae (Murinae, Arvicolinae) und Soricidae aus dem Naturschutzgebiet ”Großer Hakel” (Sachsen-Anhalt) und der Tagebaufolgelandschaft ”Phönix-Ost und Rusendorf” Meuselwitz (Thüringen) wurden auf einen Befall mit Capillaria hepatica und Metazestoden von Bandwürmern (Cyclophyllida) untersucht. Das Tiermaterial stammte aus genehmigten faunistischen Untersuchungen aus den Jahren 1993 bis 1997 in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Halle und dem Naturkundemuseum "Mauritianum" Altenburg. Alle Mäuse wurden seziert und der Brust- und Bauchraum einschließlich aller Organoberflächen, der Subkutis, des Gehirns und der Leber untersucht. Eine Altersbestimmung der Wirte erfolgte bei den untersuchten Rötelmäusen (Clethrionomys glareolus). Erstmals in Deutschland konnte im Hakel ein stabiles Endemiegebiet von Capillaria hepatica bei Wildmäusen nachgewiesen werden. Die aus dem ”Großen Hakel” stammenden Gelbhals- (Apodemus flavicollis) und Rötelmäuse wiesen Befallshäufigkeiten von 8,5 bzw. 15,1 % auf, die Eizahlen pro Leber lagen zwischen 67 und 3 600 000. Weibliche Mäuse zeigten eine höhere Befallshäufigkeit als männliche Mäuse. Bei den Rötelmäusen konnte ein Anstieg der Befallshäufigkeit von 5,8 % der bis zu 3 Monate alten bis auf 28,6 % der bis zu einem Jahr alten Tiere beobachtet werden. Patente Infektionen waren erst in der Altersgruppe 3-6 Monate nachzuweisen. In dem Untersuchungsgebiet Meuselwitz war Capillaria hepatica bei den untersuchten 1069 Muridae und Soricidae nicht nachweisbar. Eine aktuelle Übersicht der weltweit in 53 Ländern festgestellten 137 Wirtsarten aus 25 Säugetierfamilien von Capillaria hepatica wurde zusammengestellt. Die Familie Muridae stellt mit 83 Arten die bedeutendste Wirtsgruppe dar. Bisher wurde über 56 Capillaria-hepatica-Infektionen beim Menschen (davon 39 Kinder) aus 18 Ländern berichtet. Die Leitsymptome der Erkrankung beim Menschen sind intermittierendes Fieber, Hepatomegalie, Leukozytose mit hochgradiger, persistierender Eosinophilie, Anämie, Hypergammaglobulinämie und Hypoalbuminämie. Die Serumaktivitäten von AST, ALT und LDH sind erhöht. Die Diagnose der zum Teil tödlich verlaufenden Erkrankung ist intra vitam bisher nur durch Leberbiopsie oder Laparotomie möglich. Einzelne Versuche mit serologischen Tests scheinen erfolgversprechend. Die Einzelnachweise von Capillaria hepatica bei Mensch, Hase und Sumpfbiber in Deutschland (Bayern, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt) sind als Hinweise auf bestehende Endemiegebiete zu werten. Aufgrund der weiteren Verbreitung und der diagnostischen Probleme kann von einer höheren Gefährdung des Menschen (insbesondere Kleinkinder) und der Haustiere durch den Zoonoseerreger Capillaria hepatica ausgegangen werden. Bei 10,5 % aller untersuchten Mäuse wurden Metazestoden gefunden. Die Rötelmaus wies insgesamt mit durchschnittlich 23,5 % (Meuselwitz 30,2 %, Hakel 15,1 %) die signifikant höchsten Befallshäufigkeiten mit Metazestoden auf. Insgesamt konnten bei Muridae und Soricidae in Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen Metazestoden von 8 Bandwurmgattungen bzw. -arten (Cladotaenia globifera, Mesocestoides spp., T. crassiceps, T. martis martis, T. martis americana, T. mustelae, T. polyacantha, T. taeniaeformis) nachgewiesen werden. Die breiteste Metazestodenfauna mit insgesamt 7 Arten wurde bei der Feldmaus (Microtus arvalis), nur jeweils eine Metazestodenart dagegen bei Brandmaus (Apodemus agrarius), Zwergmaus (Micromys minutus), Feldspitzmaus (Crocidura leucodon) und Waldspitzmaus (Sorex araneus) gefunden. Die Zwergspitzmaus (Sorex minutus) war nicht von Metazestoden befallen. Eine deutliche Wirtsspezifität (Feldmaus) konnte für T.-crassiceps- und T.-polyacantha-Metazestoden festgestellt werden. Im Gebiet Meuselwitz dominierten bei Muridae Metazestoden von T. mustelae (Befallshäufigkeit 9,3 %) sowie von T. martis martis (Befallshäufigkeit 6,4 %), im Hakel von T. martis martis (Befallshäufigkeit 2,5 %) sowie T. mustelae (Befallshäufigkeit 2,2 %). Während in Meuselwitz die höchsten Befallshäufigkeiten mit Metazestoden von T. mustelae (24,7 %) bei der Rötelmaus und von T. martis martis (13 %) bei der Gelbhalsmaus vorlagen, waren im Hakel die Rötelmäuse am häufigsten mit T.-mustelae- (8,2 %) und T.-martis-martis- Metazestoden (4,8 %) befallen. Mit zunehmendem Alter der Rötelmäuse stieg die Befallshäufigkeit mit Metazestoden bei dieser Tierart an. Rötelmäuse unter einem Alter von 2 Monaten waren noch nicht von Metazestoden befallen. Infektionen mit 2 Metazestodenarten traten erstmals bei 4 Monate alten Rötelmäusen auf, bei zwei Tieren im Alter von 9 bzw. 12 Monaten wurden Infektionen mit 3 Metazestodenarten (Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis americana + T. mustelae; Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis martis + T. mustelae) nachgewiesen. Bei insgesamt 10 Muriden konnten Mischinfektionen mit Capillaria hepatica und Metazestoden von Bandwürmern festgestellt werden. Bei Mäusen der Familie Soricidae sind ausschließlich Metazestoden von Cladotaenia globifera gefunden worden. Erstnachweise für Deutschland stellen Funde der Metazestoden von Cladotaenia globifera bei der Feldspitzmaus, T. martis americana bei der Rötelmaus, T. mustelae bei Erd- und Zwergmaus und T. polyacantha bei der Waldmaus dar. Das erste Mal in Europa konnten T.-martis-americana-Metazestoden bei der Feldmaus gefunden werden. Eine wichtige Einflußgröße auf die Metazestodenfauna war das Aufeinandertreffen von End- und Zwischenwirt in bestimmten Biotopen. / The occurrence of Capillaria hepatica and metacestodes of Cyclophillida was investigated in 1746 small mammals of the families Muridae (Murinae, Arvicolinae) and Soricidae from the nature reserve ”Grosser Hakel” (Saxony-Anhalt) and the former open-cast mining area "Phoenix-Ost and Rusendorf" Meuselwitz (Thuringia). The animals came from approved faunistic surveys in co-operation with the University of Halle and the natural history museum ”Mauritianum” Altenburg. All mice were sectioned and the thoracic as well as the abdominal cavity including all organ surfaces, subcutaneous tissue, brain and liver were examined. The age of all bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) was determined. In the nature reserve "Grosser Hakel"an stable endemic area of Capillaria hepatica in wild mice could be detected for the first time in Germany. The percentage of yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) infected with Capillaria hepatica in that area was 8.5 %, the percentage of bank voles infected with Capillaria hepatica in that area reached 15.1 % respectively. The number of eggs per liver ranged from 67 to 3,600,000. The proportion of infected mice was higher in female than in male mice. In bank voles the frequency of infection increased with age (from 5.8 % in the age of 3 months to 28.6 % in the age of one year). Patent infections were first detected in the age group of 3 to 6 month. No Capillaria hepatica could be found in 1069 Muridae and Soricidae examined in the Meuselwitz area. A current survey of the world-wide occurrence of Capillaria hepatica in 137 hosts of 25 mammal families was prepared. The family of Muridae (with 83 species) is the most important host group. Up to now 56 Capillaria-hepatica-infections in humans (including 39 children) from 18 different countries were reported. Major symptoms in humans are intermittent fever, hepatomegaly, leucocytosis with severe, persistent eosinophilia, anaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. The serum activities of AST, ALT and LDH are elevated. Intra-vitam diagnosis of this partly lethal disease is only possible by liver biopsy or laparatomy. First serological tests are promising. Sporadic detection of Capillaria hepatica in humans, hares and nutria in Germany (Bavaria, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt) can be regarded as an indication of existing endemic areas. A higher risk of Capillaria-hepatica-infection in humans (especially in small children) and domestic animals can be assumed on the basis of the wide distribution and the diagnostic problems. Metacestodes were found in 10.5 % of all examined mice. The bank voles showed the significantly highest rate of infection with 23.5 % (Meuselwitz 30.2 % and Hakel 15.1 %). Altogether metacestodes of 8 tapeworm genuses (Cladotaenia globifera, Mesocestoides spp., T. crassiceps, T. martis martis, T. martis americana, T. mustelae, T. polyacantha, T. taeniaeformis) could be detected in Muridae and Soricidae in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The broadest metacestode-fauna (with 7 species) was found in the common vole (Microtus arvalis). Only one metacestode-species was detected in the stripped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus), the bicoloured whitetoothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the eurasion common shrew (Sorex araneus). The pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) was not infected by metacestodes. A distinct host specificity (in the common vole) could be established for T. crassiceps and T. polyacantha. Metacestodes of T. mustelae (infection rate 9.3 %) and T. martis martis (infection rate 6.4 %) dominated in Muridae of the Meuselwitz area. In the Hakel area T. martis martis (infection rate 2.5 %) and T. mustelae (infection rate 2.2 %) dominated as well. Whereas metacestodes of T. mustelae occurred in the bank vole with an infection rate of 24.7 % and T. martis martis in yellow-necked mice with an infection rate of 13.0 % in the Meuselwitz area, T. mustelae occurred in bank voles with an infection rate of 8.2 % and T. martis martis in yellow-necked mice with an infection rate of 4.8 % in the Hakel area. The infection rate of bank voles with metacestodes increased with age. No metacestodes were found in bank voles younger than 2 month of age. Infection with 2 different metacestode-species occurred in bank voles for the first time at the age of 4 month. 3 metacestode-species were found in 2 animals at the age of 9 to 12 months (Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis americana + T. mustelae; Cladotaenia globifera + T. martis martis + T. mustelae). In 10 Muridae occurred a mixed infection with Capillaria hepatica and metacestodes of tapeworms. In mice of the Soricidae-family only metacestodes from Cladotaenia globifera could be found. For the first time in Germany were detected metacestodes of Cladotaenia globifera in the bicoloured whitetoothed shrew, of T. martis americana in bank voles, of T. mustelae in the common field vole and the harvest mouse and of T. polyacantha in the wood mouse. For the first time in Europe T. martis americana-metacestodes could be detected in the common vole. Of high importance to the metacestode-fauna was the encounter of final host and intermediate host in certain biotopes.