This thesis asks how neoliberal enclavisation produces precarity. It focuses on eight months of fieldwork on large-scale dispossession of rural and peri-urban populations caused by the coal mining enclave in Tete, Mozambique, and my interpretation of Judith Butler's work on precarity, Henri Lefebvre's conceptualisation of the production of capitalist social space and Jacque Ranciere's understanding of politics. Bringing theory and empirical research together, I construct an original theoretical approach to explore how precarity as a condition of life, as well as the (im)possibility of politics, is constituted by contemporary capitalist expansion in Mozambique. I explore how precarity is produced through the interplay of structural, symbolic and direct violence of contemporary capitalist expansion, such as the coal mining enclave and resettlement sites inhabited by the dispossessed populations, in Tete. These processes of precarisation, I argue, result in the non-politics of abandonment that, whilst enabling life to be lived on precarious terms at the margins of the neoliberal mining enclave, does not openly challenge and only unwillingly reinforces the socio-material order of the neoliberal enclave. I demonstrate how this dynamic reconstitutes the precarity created by the violence of the neoliberal enclave and overshadows possibly different and progressively anti-neoliberal imaginaries of life and space in Tete. I conclude that these dynamics of precarity disactivate the possibility of transformative politics, and thus sustain and stabilise global capitalist expansion in Tete, and Mozambique more broadly. This reading of precarity makes several contributions to the literatures on the politics of precarity. It explores the condition of precarity outside the usual empirical and analytical focus of labour relations in the Global North, as well as developing a spatial reading of precarity. The thesis also challenges these, as well as broader literatures on agency in the context of structural inequalities and opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa, for overestimating possibilities of resistance in situations characterised by extreme precarity. Finally, the thesis contributes to the literature on contemporary neoliberal capitalist expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa by demonstrating how neoliberal enclaves result in human suffering outside of their own exclusionary spaces of accumulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Juliane_Becker.pdf: 3717174 bytes, checksum: ccdafb873f73745dc6ff2e7aa6a8fe8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Upon observing the Brazilian work market in the last decades, it is possible to observe that a series of changes in the work organization and relationships have been occurring. These changes provide new territorial dynamics of the work, promoted mainly by the capital expansion by the appropriation of natural potentialities and the use of female work. In this sense, it has been noted that the capitalist expansion overlaps the work relationships, pointing out new ways of accumulation by worker s profiteering. Thus, upon analyzing the process of capitalist expansion engendered over the West of Paraná, it has been observed that his process has been linked to the installation of food industry, especially the presence of eight unities of meat processing. However, it has been verified that the process of capitalist expansion occurs with higher intensity in the micro-region of Toledo, due to the presence of three slaughterhouses (Copagril, C.vale and BRF Sadia) which have great representativeness in the regional and state scenarios. Based on these correlations it has been discussed issues about the strategies of capital accumulation considering the work precariousness and the use of female work. In this perspective, the present research aims to debate the reconfigurations which took place in the micro-region of Toledo, as well as to analyze the factors which fostered the women s insertion in the work market with the goal to understand their trajectories, dilemmas and difficulties / Ao observar o mercado de trabalho brasileiro nas últimas décadas é possível averiguar que vem ocorrendo uma série de alterações na organização e nas relações de trabalho. Essas transformações proporcionam novas dinâmicas territoriais do trabalho, promovidas principalmente pela expansão do capital, pela apropriação das potencialidades naturais e a utilização do trabalho feminino. Nesse sentido, constata-se que a expansão capitalista sobrepõe as relações de trabalho, apontando novas formas de acumulação por meio da exploração do trabalhador. Assim, ao analisar o processo de expansão capitalista engendrado sobre o Oeste do Paraná, constata-se que esse processo encontra-se atrelado à instalação das indústrias de alimentos, destacando a presença de oito unidades de processamento de carnes. No entanto, verificou-se que o processo de expansão capitalista ocorre com maior intensidade na Microrregião de Toledo, devido à presença de três frigoríficos (Copagril, C.vale e BRF Sadia) que possuem grande representatividade no cenário regional e estadual. Com base nessas correlações são discutidas questões pertinentes às estratégias de acumulação do capital frente à precarização do trabalho e à utilização da mão de obra feminina. Nessa perspectiva a presente pesquisa visa debater as reconfigurações que ocorreram na Microrregião de Toledo, bem como analisar os fatores que impulsionam a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, visando entender suas trajetórias, dilemas e dificuldades

This thesis is about the organisation, character and change of labour relations in expanding capitalist wool farming in the Cape between 1860 and 1950. It is an attempt to analyse labour in wool farming within a transnational framework, based on an expansion of capital from core to periphery of the capitalist world-economy. Wool farming in peripheries like the Cape was part of capitalist production through the link to primarily the British textile industry. This relationship enabled wool farmers to invest in their farms in sheep, fences and windmills. They thereby became agents of capital expansion in the world-economy, which was a prerequisite for a capitalist expansion. Although wool production in the Cape was initially an imperial division of labour, that relation changed during the twentieth century as Britain’s leading role as textile producer was challenged by other capitalist core countries. Capitalism as a transnational production system, based on commodity chains from periphery to core, became the most crucial structure for wool farmers in the Cape, who could increase their exports. The thesis also shows that the pre-capitalist generational division of labour among black peasants, through which farmers acquired labour, especially shepherds, was both discarded and intensified. Shepherding was intensified along with fencing during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century due to threat from jackals and lack of sufficient water supplies. Those farmers who invested in technology in the form of jackal-proof fences and windmills managed to change production from herding to rotational grazing in camps, which meant that shepherds were replaced by camp walkers, who controlled fences instead of sheep. Those farmers who did not invest were forced to exploit the pre-capitalist relations more intensively and hire shepherds in order to be able to produce and sell wool to textile manufacturers in capitalist core areas. As the young adult males disappeared from farms to the mines, the role of children and youths as shepherds became increasingly important. By the 1940s almost all the shepherds were children or youths, but they were about to be made redundant, as the number of shepherds decreased during the 1930s and 1940s.