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Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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No description available.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur le développement de catalyseurs à base de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques dérivés de fer et de nickel, deux métaux de transition abondants, pour les réactions de hydrosilylation et de borylation. Le premier chapitre porte sur les travaux réalisés à l’aide de complexes de fer du type [Cp(NHC)Fe(CO)₂][X] (X = I, PF₆) possédant des ligands de type benzimidazole ou imidazole et leur évaluation en hydrosilylation de dérivés carbonylés. Le deuxième chapitre traite de l’utilisation de complexes demi-sandwichs de nickel du type CpNi(NHC) en hydrosilylation d’aldéhydes, de cétones, d’aldimines et de cétimines. Enfin le troisième chapitre est consacré à la réaction de borylation catalysée par des complexes de nickel demi-sandwich CpNi(triazole)X et des complexes de nickel possédant deux ligands chélatants anioniques de type carbene N-hétérocyclique fonctionnalisé par un bras amido. / The research work described in this manuscript has for main objective the development of new homogeneous catalytic systems based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron and nickel complexes for hydrosilyation and borylation reactions. The first chapter describes the use of [Cp(NHC)Fe(CO)₂][X] (X = I, PF₆) complexes bearing benzimidazole or imidazole NHC type ligands for hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. In a second chapter, we have shown that half-sandwich NHC-nickel complexes in the presence of a catalytic amount of NaHBEt3 can be efficient catalysts for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, aldimines and ketimines in the presence of diphenylsilane. In the last chapter, two new series of non-classical NHC-nickel triazole complexes had been developed: (i) one series with half sandwich NHC-nickel triazole complexes and (ii) another one based on chelating anionic amido-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene nickel complexes. The two series of complexes were then evaluated in catalytic borylation cross coupling reaction.

Ce projet de recherche porte sur la formation de nouvelles liaisons C-C et la production de produits chimiques valorisables grâce à l'utilisation de complexes de nickel chélatés. La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à des complexes bis-phosphines de nickel employés comme catalyseurs pour le couplage croisé de Negishi. Le précatalyseur [(dcpp)Ni(n2-toluene)] (dcpp = 1,3 bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)propane) permet de coupler efficacement des chloro-arènes avec des organozinciques en utilisant de faibles charges catalytiques (0,2 mol% - 0,1 mol%) et des conditions douces (THF, 60 °C). Une étude mécanistique fondée sur des réactions stœchiométriques et des calculs DFT prouve la présence d'intermédiaires Ni(0)/Ni(II) au cours de la catalyse et exclut tout passage par un mécanisme de type Ni(I)/Ni(III). La seconde partie de ce travail porte sur le couplage oxydant entre l'éthylène et le CO2 sur des complexes de nickel chélatés par des bis-phosphines ou des bis-NHC. Une étude cinétique de l'équilibre entre [(dcpp)Ni(C2H4)] et [(dcpp)nickelalactone] a été réalisée. Le complexe [(dcpp)nickelalactone] peut ensuite être réduit et fonctionnalisé en dérivé du propanol en présence de pinacolborane. Des études mécanistiques et catalytiques préliminaires ont eté menées. De plus, de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèses ont été développées afin d'obtenir les premiers complexes [(bis-NHC)Ni(C2H4)] et [(bis-NHC)nickelalactone]. / The aim of this research project is to promote the formation of new C-C bonds and the production of valuable chemicals by using chelated nickel complexes. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to [nickel(bis-phosphine)] complexes employed as catalysts for Negishi cross coupling reactions. Designed Ni(0) precatalyst [(dcpp)Ni(n2-toluene)] (dcpp = 1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)propane) promotes efficiently the Negishi cross coupling between aryl chlorides and phenylzinc chloride derivatives at low catalyst loadings (down to 0.2 mol% - 1 mol%) under mild conditions (THF, 60°C). Mechanistic investigations relying on stoichiometric reactions and DFT calculations prove the involvement of Ni(0)/Ni(II) intermediates rather than Ni(I)/Ni(III) species during the catalysis. The second part of this work deals with the oxidative coupling between ethylene and CO2 at bis-phosphine and bis-NHC chelated nickel complexes for the production of value-added chemicals. The equilibrium between [(dcpp)Ni(C2H4)] and [(dcpp)nickelalactone] has been investigated by kinetic studies. The subsequent cleavage of [(dcpp) nickelalactone] by pinacolborane leads to its reductive functionalization into a propanol derivative. Preliminary mechanistic and catalytic investigations have been undertaken. Moreover, new methodologies are provided for the synthesis of the first [(bis-NHC)Ni(C2H4)] and [(bis-NHC)nickelalactone] complexes.

Platinum(II) complexes [(NHC)Pt(L)] with various β-diketonate based auxiliary ligands (L: 3-meacac = 3-methylacetylacetonato, dpm = dipivaloylmethanato, dbm = dibenzoylmethanato, mesacac = dimesitoylmethanato, duratron = bis(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)methanato) and a C^C* cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC: dpbic = 1,3-iphenylbenzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene, dpnac = 1,3-diphenylnaphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-ylidene or bnbic = 1-phenyl-3-benzylbenzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene) were found to show different aggregation and photophysical properties depending on the auxiliary ligand. Eight complexes were prepared from a silver(I)–NHC intermediate by transmetalation, cyclometalation and subsequent treatment with potassium-tert-butanolate and β-diketone. They were fully characterized by standard techniques including ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR. Five complexes were additionally characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY). Solid-state structures of five complexes could be obtained and show the tendency of the square-planar compounds to form pairs with different Pt–Pt distances depending on the bulkiness of the substituents at the auxiliary ligand. The result of the photophysical measurements in amorphous PMMA films reveals quantum yields of up to 85% with an emission maximum in the blue region and comparatively short decay lifetimes (3.6 µs). Density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the emission process and revealed a predominant ³ILCT/³MLCT character. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) comprising one of the complexes achieved 12.6% EQE, 11.9 lm W⁻¹ luminous efficacy and 25.2 cd A⁻¹ current efficiency with a blue emission maximum at 300 cd m⁻². The influence of an additional hole-transporter in the emissive layer was investigated and found to improve the device lifetime by a factor of seven.