Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a polypeptide hormone produced in heart atria, stored in atrial secretory granules and released into the circulation in response to various stimuli. Proper sorting of ANF at the level of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is required for the storage of ANF in these specific granules, and this sorting of hormones has been found to be associated with G-proteins. Specifically, the Go protein alpha-subunit (Gαo) was established to participate in the stretch-secretion coupling of ANF, but may also be involved in the transporting of ANF from the TGN into atrial granules for storage and maturation. Based on knowledge of Gαo involvement in hormone production in other endocrine tissues, protein-protein interactions of Gαo and proANF and their immunochemical co-localization in granules, the direct involvement of these two proteins in atrial granule biogenesis is probable. In this study, mice were created using the Cre/lox recombination system with a conditional Gαo knockout in cardiocytes to study and characterize ANF production, secretion and granule formation. Deletion of this gene was successful following standard breeding protocols. Characterization and validation of cellular and molecular content of the knockout mice through mRNA levels, protein expression, peptide content, electron microscopy, and electrocardiography determined that a significant phenotypic difference was observed in the abundance of atrial granules. However, Gαo knockout mice did not significantly alter the production and secretion of ANF and only partially prevented granule biogenesis, likely due to incomplete Gαo knockout. These studies demonstrate an involvement of Gαo in specific atrial granule formation.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a polypeptide hormone produced in heart atria, stored in atrial secretory granules and released into the circulation in response to various stimuli. Proper sorting of ANF at the level of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is required for the storage of ANF in these specific granules, and this sorting of hormones has been found to be associated with G-proteins. Specifically, the Go protein alpha-subunit (Gαo) was established to participate in the stretch-secretion coupling of ANF, but may also be involved in the transporting of ANF from the TGN into atrial granules for storage and maturation. Based on knowledge of Gαo involvement in hormone production in other endocrine tissues, protein-protein interactions of Gαo and proANF and their immunochemical co-localization in granules, the direct involvement of these two proteins in atrial granule biogenesis is probable. In this study, mice were created using the Cre/lox recombination system with a conditional Gαo knockout in cardiocytes to study and characterize ANF production, secretion and granule formation. Deletion of this gene was successful following standard breeding protocols. Characterization and validation of cellular and molecular content of the knockout mice through mRNA levels, protein expression, peptide content, electron microscopy, and electrocardiography determined that a significant phenotypic difference was observed in the abundance of atrial granules. However, Gαo knockout mice did not significantly alter the production and secretion of ANF and only partially prevented granule biogenesis, likely due to incomplete Gαo knockout. These studies demonstrate an involvement of Gαo in specific atrial granule formation.