Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The hospitality industry is one of the most popular industries in Cape Town, where it plays a major role in the economy and offers many employment opportunities. Because of this, one might have thought that learners would be encouraged to pursue a career in the industry. But learners and Life Orientation teachers in black township schools do not know about the hospitality industry: Hospitality Studies is not offered as a subject and learners receive no career guidance about this industry. This study investigates the extent of knowledge among Grade 11 learners and LO teachers in black township high schools about the hospitality industry, with a focus on the extent to which these learners are guided towards pursuing a career in the industry. The study therefore examines the information given to Grade 11 learners about the hospitality industry and the information LO teachers have about the industry to equip them to guide learners. The aim of the study is to highlight the knowledge gap that exists amongst Grade 11 and LO teachers when it comes to the hospitality industry, with the ultimate object of enhancing awareness of the industry so that learners can make meaningful career choices informed by that awareness.

Este trabalho aborda a implantação da Lei n. 5.692/71 no sistema educacional brasileiro, com uma análise focada na obrigatoriedade do ensino profissionalizante em nível médio e suas consequências sociais e econômicas. Teve como objetivo investigar os impactos da Lei n.5.692/71 na educação em nível nacional, e o aprofundamento com a pesquisa de campo em dois colégios do estado do Paraná: Colégio Estadual Costa Viana da cidade de São José dos Pinhais e Colégio Estadual Victor do Amaral da capital paranaense. O intuito foi traçar um estudo comparativo da implantação da reforma educacional de 1971 entre o que a revisão de literatura afirmou ter ocorrido na década de 1970 na educação brasileira, com o que foi encontrado nos dois colégios pesquisados. Para tanto, partiu-se da descrição de um breve histórico do ensino profissional na sociedade moderna, com o seu advento no século XIX na França, passando por algumas determinadas experiências profissionalizantes, como a criação das Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices, o SENAI, as Escolas Técnicas Federais, até chegar à Lei n. 5.692 na década de 1970 no Brasil. Como conclusão foi possível apontar as conseqüências da obrigatoriedade do ensino profissionalizante, como a desqualificação do aluno no mercado de trabalho, acentuando a problemática dualidade do ensino, e como o ensino profissional acabou por reproduzir o funcionamento da estrutura social capitalista, baseada numa sociedade de exploração e desigualdade. / This paper addresses the implementation of Law No 5.692/71 in the Brazilian educational system, with an analysis focused on the requirement of technical education in high school and their social and economic consequences. Aimed to investigate the impacts of Law 5.692/71 in education at the national level, and deepening with field research in two schools in the state of Paraná: state college Costa Viana City of San Jose and State College Pine Victor Amaral of Curitiba. The intention was to draw a comparative study of the implementation of educational reform of 1971 between what the literature review said to have occurred in the 1970s in Brazilian education, with what was found in two colleges surveyed. To this end, broke a description of a brief history of vocational education in modern society, with its arrival in the nineteenth century in France, passing through some specific professional experiences, like the creation of Schools of apprentices and journeymen, SENAI, the Federal Technical Schools, even to Law No. 5692 in the 1970s in Brazil. As a conclusion was possible to point out the consequences of mandatory vocational training, such as disqualification of the student in the labor market, highlighting the problematic duality of education, vocational education and how it was eventually reproduce the functioning of the capitalist social structure, society based on exploitation and inequality.

Esta dissertação mostra como a organização empresarial pode oferecer educação e aprendizagem para alcançar os objetivos da própria organização e, ao mesmo tempo, os objetivos da formação do empregado como cidadão. Inicia apresentando, historicamente, que o ensino para o trabalho não é criação recente. Ao contrário, encontra raízes nas civilizações antigas. A história aponta relatos do ensinar para o trabalho, treinamento para aprender a fazer ou outras denominações equivalentes, já no Egito antigo, considerado o berço da civilização atual. Na Grécia, tida como origem da civilização ocidental e que traz aspectos da civilização egípcia e, em Roma, encontram-se registros mais abundantes do ensino para o trabalho dirigido às classes sociais dos trabalhadores, dos produtores, dos escravos. O ensino para o trabalho continuou na mesma perspectiva na Idade Média e adentrou na Revolução Industrial, chegando até os anos mais recentes, então com a denominação de Treinamento e Desenvolvimento (T&D). Essa modalidade, T&D, ainda persiste nos dias atuais, direcionada ao desenvolvimento de habilidades para a execução de tarefas e procedimentos operacionais. E, em determinados segmentos de organizações, continua como “ferramenta” exclusiva de capacitação de pessoas. Porém, no século XX, principalmente a partir da segunda metade, organizações mais atentas às mudanças, aos avanços tecnológicos e às inovações, de forma geral, passaram a perceber a necessidade de uma educação mais abrangente. Ingressaram fortemente no ensino da construção do conhecimento, que faz a diferença; que é a alavanca para a expansão corporativa e de mercado. Para elas o conhecimento tornou-se o principal recurso econômico. O novo cenário econômico da informação, do conhecimento e dos avanços tecnológicos levou-as a buscarem a implementação do ensino e da aprendizagem por inteiro. Isto é, o ensino ministrado com correção pedagógica, que estimule o indivíduo a aprender, a aprender a aprender, e a aprender continuadamente, como ser integral, e que, além dos aspectos profissionais e da obtenção do melhor resultado econômico, leve em conta o homem como sujeito de si, como cidadão. Assim, e nessa compreensão do ensino e aprendizagem no ambiente organizacional, a dissertação defende a ideia de que, na organização empresarial, realiza-se de fato a aprendizagem voltada para os interesses da organização e, igualmente, para a formação do cidadão. / This essay shows how an entrepreneurial organization can offer education and learning to achieve the goals of the own company and, at the same time, the goals of the employees' formation as citizens. It starts presenting, historically, that teaching how to work is not a recent creation. On the contrary, its roots are found in the old civilizations. History has shown accounts of teaching how to work, training for learning how to do it or other equivalent denominations already existent in old Egypt, which was considered the origin of civilization. Greece, seen as the origin of western civilization also brings aspects of Egyptician civilization and in Rome are found abundant registries of teaching how to work addressed to different walks of life such as: workers, manufacturers and slaves. The teaching how to work continued with the same perspective in Middle Age and got into Industrial Revolution, getting to the recent years with the denomination of Training & Development (T&D). This modality, T & D still persists nowadays, directed to skills development to carry out tasks and operational procedures. In some companies’ segments, it continues being an exclusive “tool” of people's capability. However, in the 20th century, mainly from its second half on, organizations that were more aware of changes at large, started perceiving the need of a wider education. They strongly started building up the knowledge construction, which makes the difference; and is the lever to corporative expansion and market. Knowledge became the main economic resource to them. The new information economic scenery, knowledge and technological advances made them to seek for the implementation of teaching and learning as a whole. That is, teaching with pedagogical guidance that encourages the individual to learn how to learn constantly as an essential part, and besides professional aspects and the acquisition of better economic output, it also takes into consideration the individual as a citizen. So, in this teaching and learning process within an organization environment, this essay supports the idea that inside an entrepreneurial organization, it is in fact, carried out the learning turned to the organization’s interests and the citizen formation as well.

M.A. (Psychology) / The aim of this study is the development of a career program to promote career maturity in standard eight pupils. In order to achieve the aim of the study a development research model was conceptualised. The model is based on Thomas (1984) four-phase model and consists of the following phases: analysis, design, implementation and evaluation phases. In each of these phases a number of methodologies were conducted to meet the requirements of each phase. In the design phase a deviation was made from Thomas (1984) methodology and the methodologies used by Nel and Nel (1992) was implemented to fit the needs of the study. In the first phase the analysis phase a problem was identified and analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative analysis. In the design phase a practice model was conceptualised which serves as an explication model within which the contents' of the career maturity program could be justified. Out of this explication model and theoretical framework the contents of the programme was determined. In the implementation phase of the research model the program was applied and monitoring evaluation was done by the researcher. The implementing of the programme resulted in a number of modifications of the programme because of certain problems that were picked up by the researcher. The evaluation of the programme fell mainly on monitoring evaluation that was done by the researcher in the implementing of the program. The main finding of the research was that the program does promote career maturity in standard eight pupils but it is necessary to do further research on the impact evaluation of the programme.

M.Ed. / A lack of optimal self-realization in the pursuit of a career does not only cause career frustration, but also implies a waste of human potential. For this reason vocational guidance at school should function in such a way that the particular needs of intellectually gifted pupils should be observed so that help and support can be given to contribute to the optimal attainment of their potential. The problems related to vocational guidance to the intellectually gifted are mainly due to the fact that these pupils are often able to choose from a large variety of professions due to their particular intellectual abilities, but that these potential do not necessarily correlate with their other personal possibilities. Seen from this point of view, the most important aim of this 'investigation' is to supply pedagogic guidelines based on an analysis and integration of the personal options and career preferences of the gifted in order to assist them in achieving more meaningful self-realization and to prevent the problem of non-optimal utilization of gifted human potential. The manifestation of intrinsic personal potential such as intelligence, ability, interest and personality was researched to determine how it operates within the development of a career image in the highly gifted. The results of the investigation indicate a correlation between different combinations of personal potential and specific career-orientated directions of study. Amore meaningful integration between personal potential and career preference is made possible with the result that the gifted can display ideals and aspirations congruent with their personal potential. Findings led to the following deductions: if the personal potential of the highly gifted is seen in totality there appears to be a combination of personal qualities related to career image development which manifest in clear career tendencies. From these findings one may be justified to assume that the highly gifted may be led to more meaningful self-realization if personal potential such as intelligence, ability, interest and personality are applied as a whole for identification purposes in terms of career recommendations. In addition to the guidelines laid down from the findings of this investigation it is recommended that individual career guidance should be given to the highly gifted in terms of the principles of the Discover system. This system can help the gifted to orientate their values in such a way that the basis for decisionmaking, which implies long-term events, may be founded on a rational basis. It will also help to highlight preferences for certain areas of work through which the attitude to, skills and interest in certain activities may become visible in highly gifted persons.

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / A youth's career choice is without doubt one of the most important decisions of his life because according to expectations, he will spend almost half of his life exercising his chosen vocation. In order to make a decision concerning a vocation. a youth requires knowledge. knowledge of his specific interests. aptitudes. personality and intelligence. A youth should discover his own identity - he should find out who he is and in what he believes. This self-knowledge is a prerequisite for career choice. Inadequate self-knowledge may lead to an erroneous career choice and that in turn may lead to work dissatisfaction and a negative attitude towards labour. In the process of career guidance, use is principally made of psychometric testing in order to help the youth gain self knowledge. The importance of psychometric testing cannot be underestimated and it is generally accepted that career guidance cannot take place without it. No research appears to have been done which determines the youth's self-knowledge without the use of tests. It is thus necessary to determine what the youth's intuitive perception of his self-knowledge is. and then to compare this to the test results. In chapter two the process of career guidance. as well as the importance of decision making. and the role the parents and school play in the youth's career choice, is explored. Chapter three explores the concept of self-knowledge and four facets of self-knowledge are discussed: interests. aptitudes. personality and intelligence. In chapter four the research design is discussed. Standard ten pupils' self-knowledge is obtained without the use of psychometric tests. and these findings are compared with the test results. The parents' opinions are also taken into account by comparing their estimation of their child's self-knowledge with the child's own estimation.

M.A. (Psychology) / This study has been undertaken in the belief, on the one hand, that it will stimulate awareness among student counsellors of the fact that factors like a third world orientation, minority group membership, culturalism and ethnocism has an influence on the emotional experience and behavior of the students which have wide implications for career maturity as well as for counseling and, on the other hand, that it may provide guidelines for student counsellors in their guidance and helping of students. This study consists of two phases. The first phase, as expounded in chapters one, two and three, is devoted to an exploration of the situation of the student, possible theories in career guidance and the role and function of student counsellors in cross-cultural situations. Chapters four, five and six deals with the second phase which consists of an empirical investigation. An experimental approach was followed and the crites Maturity Investigation was used as a pre- and posttest to measure the achievement of the students. The experimental group completed a program based on the model of Super for the development of career maturity. computer analyses with the BDMP3D-program was employed to compare the raw . scores among the experimental group and control group. comparisons were also made among the students of SWA/Namibia as members from a third world orientation and the students of the RAU as members of a first world orientation.The results were that there was a significant difference in performance between the experimental group and the control group, as well as between the SWA/Namibia and RAU students. In conclusion it is recommended that a guidance the development of career maturity in such situation as existing at the Academy, should form total guidance program. program for a complex part of the It is also recommended that the guidance service should be extended and developed to make provision for a career library and information centre as well as for the opportunity to give ample guidance to students during the orientation period and to pupils before entering the Academy.

This study investigated the effect of participation in a 14-day career redirection program on the reemployment, explanations for unemployment, and levels of depression and self-esteem of 44 unemployed adults who had recently become physically disabled. The career redirection program was delivered using an extended Solomon four-group design. The subjects’ explanations for their unemployment, and their levels of depression and self-esteem were measured on at least two of four possible occasions: (a) before participating in the program, (b) after completing the program, (c) after waiting to participate in the program, or (d) eight weeks after completing the program. The researcher contacted the subjects who completed the program after eight weeks to determine their employment status and to request the completion of the final questionnaire battery. A random sample of the subjects who finished the program were also interviewed in-depth to obtain detailed information about their experiences of: (a) becoming disabled, (b) being confronted with the need to change jobs as a result of their disabilities, and (c) participating in the career redirection program. All the incidents reported by the subjects that related to their emotional reactions to these three experiences were identified from transcripts of the interviews. Incidents describing similar reactions to components of these experiences were grouped into categories. Six stages were discerned from the analysis of the categories of emotional reactions. Taken together, these six stages described a career redirection process. The results of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment program in assisting the subjects through the career redirection process. Eight weeks after finishing the program, 60.5% of the subjects were involved in reemployment activities (11.6% working; 28% independent in job search; 20.9% taking training). Contrary to the researcher’s expectations, the subjects did not exhibit the effects of long-term unemployment documented in the literature, possibly because they.... / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The career development of students, demonstrated by students' career interest, is important for a more effective career education program. This study focused on the career choices of fifth grade students through the use of a career interest inventory before and after the use of a career education program. The design was experimental, and the purpose was to determine if there were differences in the career interest of fifth grade students who participated in a career education program compared with the career interest of fifth grade students who did not participate in a career education program. The COPS-PIC Picture Inventory of Careers (COPS-PIC) was used as a pretest and posttest for fifth grade students to determine baseline career interests. The COPS-PIC career inventory results were incorporated into the career education program and served as a career planning guide for incorporating students' input into career choices and exploration of those choices for a better understanding of the process of finding out who they want to be and what type of careers exists. The experimental group was provided instruction and career exploration opportunities for 4 weeks. The control group was not provided career education instruction and career exploration opportunities. This study suggests that fifth grade students who participated in a career education program were able to make more concentrated career choices at higher levels of interest after participating in the career education program. Additional studies that include the use of career interest inventories and a career education program are needed before extensive generalizations can be made.

The next American School Initiative plans to benefit low income minorities or below average achievers to excel in career choices by following occupational clusters and job shadowing to promote careers in applied technology.