La notion de cope with souvent traduite en France par l’expression « faire face », est régulièrement utilisée pour définir et expliquer la vulnérabilité et la résilience des sociétés. L’opérationnalisation de cette notion s’accomplit grâce aux coping capacities. Les cadres internationaux de prévention et de gestion insistent sur la nécessité de développer ces capacités à l’échelle des communautés et des territoires, en préparant les individus à « faire face », afin de réduire leur vulnérabilité et les rendre résilients.Le cope with n’a pourtant jamais été clairement décrit et surtout défini dans la littérature scientifique. En partant de ce constat, cette thèse va chercher à comprendre les liens existants entre la vulnérabilité, le cope with et la résilience. Pour cela, la recherche s’appuie sur l’étude des trajectoires de résilience territoriales et individuelles dans le contexte caribéen. Trois terrains d’étude, qui ont subi chacun des crises majeures, ont été choisis : La Martinique, La Guadeloupe et Haïti. L’enquête de terrain s’est appuyée sur la collecte de récits de vie, sur des entretiens et des questionnaires, sur de l’observation participante et non participante mais aussi sur un travail d’archives.Cette thèse démontre plusieurs résultats. Premièrement, les trajectoires de résilience territoriales ne coïncident pas avec les trajectoires de résilience individuelles. La résilience du territoire n’implique pas forcément celle de ses habitants et inversement. La thèse spécifie ici les différents états que peut prendre la résilience territoriale et individuelle et revient sur les notions de crise et de catastrophe. Ensuite, le cope with peut être appréhendé grâce aux réponses que les gens mettent en œuvre face aux perturbations. Ces réponses font l’objet d’une typologie, puis sont réinterprétées grâce aux notions d’ajustement et d’adaptation, ce qui permet de revenir sur la traduction du cope with. La thèse montre enfin qu’il n’y a pas de causalité linéaire entre la mise en œuvre des coping capacities des individus, les réponses observées et la résilience. L’approche par les capabilités, développée par A. Sen, est alors appliquée au champ des risques et des catastrophes. Elle permet de montrer l’importance des choix et de la liberté individuelle, et de recontextualiser le cope with. Cette thèse propose alors de remplacer la notion de coping capacities par celle de coping capabilities, pour comprendre comment chaque individu « fait face », dans une situation précise, dans un contexte territorial précis et dans une temporalité particulière à un événement singulier. / The notion of cope with, often translated in french by the expression "faire face", is usually used to define and explain the vulnerability and resilience of societies. This concept is made effective through coping capacities. International prevention and management frameworks emphasize the need to develop these capacities at the community and territorial scales by preparing individuals to "cope" in order to reduce their vulnerability and make them resilient.However the notion of cope with has never been clearly described and defined in scientific literature. Based on this observation, this thesis aims at understanding the existing links between vulnerability, cope with and resilience. To this end, the research is based on the study of territorial and individual trajectories of resilience in the Caribbean context. Three study areas which has suffered major crises, have been chosen : Martinique, Guadeloupe and Haiti. The investigation was based on the collection of life stories, interviews and questionnaires, participant and non-participant observation and archival work.This thesis demonstrates several results. First, territorial resilience trajectories do not coincide with individual resilience trajectories. The resilience of the territory does not necessarily imply the resilience of inhabitants and inversely. The thesis here specifies the different states that territorial and individual resilience can take on and goes back over the notions of crisis and disaster. Then, the notion of cope with can be grasped thanks to the answers that people implement in the face of disturbances. These answers are the subject of a typology, then reinterpreted thanks to the notions of adjustment and adaptation, which makes it possible to return to the translation of the cope with. Finally, the thesis demonstrates that there is no linear causality between the implementation of individuals' coping capacities, observed responses and resilience. The capability approach developed by A. Sen is then applied to the area of risks and disasters. It shows the importance of individual choices and freedom, and to recontextualize the notion of cope with. This thesis proposes then to replace the notion of coping capacities by the concept of coping capabilities, to understand how each individual "cope with", in a precise situation, on a given territory and in a particular temporality.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A escolha de contrapor neste estudo os autores Dany Laferrière e Vladimir Nabokov a partir do exílio e da memória, respectivamente em Pays sans chapeau, romance de 1997, e Speak, memory, autobiografia que data de 1947, é feita com o intuito de contribuir para as discussões em Literatura Comparada e participar das novas tendências nos estudos canadenses, levantando, diante das respectivas obras destes autores, questões de tradução entre seus velhos e novos mundos, fronteiras, línguas e a narração sobre eles. Contrapor escritos de autores tão diferentes em suas especificidades, mas que se encontram por conta de uma perspectiva dos estudos culturais, parece-me fazer parte deste processo de quebrar hegemonias e relativizar as hierarquias, conforme seguimos os efeitos das narrativas destes autores, quando o país sonhado força sua presença: à medida em que eliminam-se distâncias e remarcam-se fronteiras, no ato de ler e narrar a realidade. O presente estudo consistiu de um romance e um ensaio, assim como um Prelúdio, apresentado em forma entre a teoria e a ficção / Focusing on memory and exile within Dany Laferièrres novel Pays sans chapeau (1997) and Vladimir Nabokovs autobiography Speak, memory (1947), the aim of this study is to observe the relation of each of these authors with his respective old and new worlds, borders, languages and the narration of them, contributing to the discussion within Comparative Literature and to the new trends in the Canadian studies. Through the concepts of carnivalization and of the act of reading, we follow the rupture of hierarchies in the narratives, to see how memory reinvents reality in new, simple effects. Between fiction and authobiography, between text and reader, the strength of renewed images. The dream country forces its presence, as far as distances are eliminated in the act of reading and narrating reality. The present study consists of a novel and an essay, and a part in-between called Prelude, a form crossing from theory into fiction

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A escolha de contrapor neste estudo os autores Dany Laferrière e Vladimir Nabokov a partir do exílio e da memória, respectivamente em Pays sans chapeau, romance de 1997, e Speak, memory, autobiografia que data de 1947, é feita com o intuito de contribuir para as discussões em Literatura Comparada e participar das novas tendências nos estudos canadenses, levantando, diante das respectivas obras destes autores, questões de tradução entre seus velhos e novos mundos, fronteiras, línguas e a narração sobre eles. Contrapor escritos de autores tão diferentes em suas especificidades, mas que se encontram por conta de uma perspectiva dos estudos culturais, parece-me fazer parte deste processo de quebrar hegemonias e relativizar as hierarquias, conforme seguimos os efeitos das narrativas destes autores, quando o país sonhado força sua presença: à medida em que eliminam-se distâncias e remarcam-se fronteiras, no ato de ler e narrar a realidade. O presente estudo consistiu de um romance e um ensaio, assim como um Prelúdio, apresentado em forma entre a teoria e a ficção / Focusing on memory and exile within Dany Laferièrres novel Pays sans chapeau (1997) and Vladimir Nabokovs autobiography Speak, memory (1947), the aim of this study is to observe the relation of each of these authors with his respective old and new worlds, borders, languages and the narration of them, contributing to the discussion within Comparative Literature and to the new trends in the Canadian studies. Through the concepts of carnivalization and of the act of reading, we follow the rupture of hierarchies in the narratives, to see how memory reinvents reality in new, simple effects. Between fiction and authobiography, between text and reader, the strength of renewed images. The dream country forces its presence, as far as distances are eliminated in the act of reading and narrating reality. The present study consists of a novel and an essay, and a part in-between called Prelude, a form crossing from theory into fiction