Habilitationsschrift--Hamburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [111]-116).

Inledning: Mikroskopisk analys av urinsediment anses i dagsläget vara gold standard inom urinsedimentdiagnostik, trots att metoden ofta är otillräckligt standardiserad. En rad automatiserade instrument, såsom UF-5000, finns idag tillgängliga och kompenserar för problematiken med den gamla metoden. Analys av urinsediment är avgörande vid flertal njursjukdomar, där bland annat erytrocyter, leukocyter, epitelceller, cylindrar och kristaller är av stort diagnostiskt värde. Syfte: Syftet var att utvärdera det automatiserade urinpartikelinstrumentet UF-5000 samt att jämföra metoden med manuell ljusmikroskopering av urinsediment. Metod: Vid metodjämförelse analyserades 69 prover med instrumentet UF-5000 samt i mikroskop. Data bearbetades med Passing Bablok-regression, Bland-Altman differensanalys samt Spearmans rangkorrelationkoefficient. Resultat: Statistisk signifikant skillnad förekom vid metodjämförelsen. Utvärderingen av instrumentet visade hög mätnoggrannhet med undantag för variationskoefficienten vid låg leukocytkoncentration samt avvikelser för instrumentets linjäritet. Diskussion: Då ljusmikroskopering av urinsediment är en otillräckligt standardiserad metod kunde statistiskt signifikanta skillnader ses, vilket kan bero på den bristande referensmetoden. Fortsatta studier där automatiserad metod jämförs med en mer standardiserad manuell mikroskopi är av stor vikt. Även reducering av cut-off för diverse parametrar kan vara aktuellt. Instrumentutvärdering visade en generell mätnoggrannhet med enstaka undantag vilket kan bero på felhantering vid analys. För vidare analys av linjäritet skulle ett ytterligare instrument som komplement kunna användas. / Introduction: Microscopy is gold standard for urine sediment analysis, although the method is often insufficiently standardized. Several automated instruments, such as UF-5000, are commercially available on the market. Urine sediment analysis is crucial for diagnosis of kidney and urinary tract diseases where elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, casts and crystals can be identified. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the performance of UF-5000 and compare the method with manual microscopic analysis of urine sediment. Method: Analysis with UF-5000 and microscopy was conducted on 69 samples. Data were processed with Passing Bablok-regression, Bland-Altman bias plot and Spearman's rank order correlation. Result: Comparison showed statistical significance between the two methods. Performance evaluation showed high accuracy apart from the coefficient of variation for low concentration of leukocytes and systematic error for linearity. Discussion: Since microscopy of urine sediment is an insufficiently standardized method, differences were acknowledged caused by discrepancies in the reference method. Further studies where UF-5000 is compared to a more standardized manual microscopy with a larger amount of pathological urine samples is of great importance. Reduction for cut-off may also be relevant. For further analysis of linearity, an additional instrument should be used as a complement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a região palatina em modelos de revestimento, após duplicação do modelo de gesso para a confecção da estrutura metálica da prótese parcial removível, em função dos materiais duplicadores, revestimentos e da profundidade da abóbada palatina. Foram utilizados 12 modelos mestres de gesso com duas diferentes profundidades da abóbada palatina, sendo seis de palato raso e seis de palato profundo. Os métodos de uplicação utilizados foram: A) Hidrocolóide reversível com revestimento aglutinado por sílica (GEL_SIL); B) Hidrocolóide reversível com revestimento aglutinado por fosfato (GEL_FOS) e C) Silicone de adição com revestimento aglutinado por fosfato (ADI_FOS). Assim, a partir de cada modelo mestre foi obtido um modelo de revestimento para cada um dos métodos descritos acima, sendo os 48 modelos resultantes aferidos com o aparelho de medição tridimensional de coordenadas e os dados analisados estatisticamente pelo método split-plot. Avaliando-se os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: 1) Todos os métodos de duplicação produziram algum grau de imprecisão nos locais avaliados; 2) O método GEL_FOS apresentou mínimas diferenças médias em relação ao modelo mestre; 3) O método GEL_SIL apresentou diferenças médias positivas em relação ao modelo mestre, não estatisticamente significativas em relação ao método GEL_FOS; 4) O método ADI_FOS apresentou diferenças médias negativas em relação ao modelo mestre, estatisticamente significativas em relação aos métodos GEL_FOS e GEL_SIL e 5) A profundidade da abóbada palatina não influenciou significativamente os resultados obtidos. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the palatal area in investment casts after the duplication of stone casts in relation to the duplicating materials, investments and the depth of the palatal vault. Twelve master stone casts were used with two different palatal vault depths, six with a shallow palatal vault and six with a deep palatal vault. The duplicating methods used were: A) Reversible hydrocolloid with silica bonded investment (GEL_SIL); B) Reversible hydrocolloid with phosphate bonded investment (GEL_FOS), and C) Addition silicone with phosphate bonded investment (ADI_FOS). Thus, one investment cast was obtained from each master cast for each of the methods described above. The 48 resulting models were measured with a three-dimensional coordinate measurement machine, and the data were analyzed by the split-plot method. After evaluating the results we concluded that: 1) All investment casts showed some degree of distortion in the areas measured; 2) The GEL_FOS method showed the smallest average differences in relation to the master cast; 3)The GEL_SIL method showed positive, not statistically significant average differences in relation to the GEL_FOS method; 4) The ADI_FOS method showed negative, and statistically significant differences in relation to the GEL_FOS and GEL_SIL methods, and 5) The depth of the palatal vault did not influence the results significantly.

Corrosion-casted capillary systems of the kidney glomerulus were imaged with confocal microscopy because of the fluorescence properties of the casting plastic. Acquisition of a z-series through the glomerular capillaries provided three-dimensional data sets from which surface-rendered models were generated. These models could be rotated and viewed from any angle and also contained quantitative information allowing cast surface area and volume measurements to be calculated. The computer-generated models were also skeletonized to form a one-voxel-thick skeleton of the original model. The skeleton exhibited the three-dimensional topology and network of the capillary bed, and interior capillary relations could also be viewed. Quantitative information such as the total capillary length and number of capillary intersects was calculated from the skeletonized model. Extending this method to noncorroded kidney specimens revealed not only the casted vessels but also cellular features of the adjacent tissues surrounding the capillaries.

This thesis deals with an investigation of the feasibility of using the multiple-piece plaster mold as a vehicle for teaching the indirect method of sculpture to the adolescent student. It is based upon the assumption that the students involved in the processes described will have had previous experience with the tools, techniques, and materials to be used. The investigation centered around the ability of the students to express themselves through the development of a sculptural form. The teacher's role was to assist the student identifying, expressing, and evaluating his individual goals against those goals established by the teacher. Instructional goals were present, but relegated to being of secondary importance to those goals possessed by the student. My research established the physical possibilities of casting both in aluminum and concrete using the multiple-piece plaster mold. Research procedures centered around the investigations of industrial methods used in forming aluminum castings in plaster molds. My investigation revealed that solid aluminum castings in plaster molds offered exciting artistic possibilities, but that rigid control of the preparation of the molds and the casting process was necessary before aluminum casting could be introduced to the students. Concrete casting was also found to be of use in the secondary class room. Prior to the introduction of casting to the students, a questionnaire was given them to determine their sculptural concepts and their past experience with materials, tools, and techniques. The information gained gave support to the exploration of the casting process. I then formulated a unit of study designed around the student's successfully completing a solid casting in either aluminum or concrete using the multiple-piece plaster mold. This unit was presented as nine separate problems to be solved in the following sequence: designing in clay, constructing an armature, modeling a temporary clay form, forming a multiple-piece plaster mold, drying the mold, casting, chasing, applying a patina, and mounting a completed casting. The project was challenging and broadening for the majority of the students involved. They were able to use past experiences with implements, materials, and processes and incorporate these into this new learning situation. Group solutions were found to be the most useful method in solving problems in each step. Evidence suggests that group learning through association and cooperative problem solving is the most valuable result of this project. Aluminum proved to be the most popular material, but from an instructional standpoint it was found to be a much more demanding and complex material. I found that it was important for the students to have had previous experience in the use of similar materials, tools, and methods to those encountered in this project. Due to the complexity of this project, prior knowledge in sculptural concepts is also clearly indicated as being necessary. I conclude with the recommendation that this unit of study be undertaken by advanced students as a summary project after several years of study.

Plaster and compo are both materials used for cast architectural ornamentation. Preserving, repairing, and in-kind replacing cast architectural ornamentation is necessary to maintain the integrity of a space. Plaster and compo are visually and texturally very similar materials. Compo was invented to be a less costly substitute for plaster. Whereas the two materials are easily mistaken for one another, they are chemically quite different. The ingredients and methods used to create the two separate materials exemplify this difference. Understanding the differences is key to successfully preserving the ornaments and, thus, the spaces in which they are located. Repairing plaster with compo or compo with plaster can lead to the destruction of cast architectural ornaments. Furthermore, chemical paint removers that are safe to use on plaster can deteriorate compo. It is necessary to thoroughly understand the nature of the materials so that informed decisions can be made about their treatments. The study addresses the similarities and differences, the maintenance, deterioration, repair, and replacement of the two materials. / Department of Architecture

Thesis -- Departmental honors in Studio Art. / Bibliography: ℓ. 48.

Doctor Scientiae (Odontology) - DSc(Odont) / The primary function of the jaws and teeth in mammals is chewing and swallowing. In man there are additional functions of speech, non-verbal communication and cosmetic appeal. Chewing is a complex operation requiring both adequate skeletal structures, and a well co-ordinated muscle system. There is considerable variation in both these components of chewing within which adequate function appears to be possible, at least for a modern refined diet. For example, the dental arches may not conform to the modal arrangement and teeth may be missing, yet adequate function remains (Slagter et al 1993). There are unfortunately no baseline requirements for an adequate dentition nor the minimal chewing performance necessary to avoid indigestion. A common rule of thumb when replacing missing posterior teeth is that the extent of the prosthesis can be reduced to the premolars without seriously affecting chewing (Kayser, 1984). This arbitrary estimation has not been defined by a minimum area for functioning posterior occlusal surfaces. The same lack of quantifiable measurement is a feature of assessing orthodontic treatment goals and outcomes (Omar, McEwen and Ogston 1987). The clinical rules for correcting malocclusions, usually, have more to do with the restoration of modal tooth, arch and skeletal relationships, than with the restoration of function; if restoration of function is a concern of treatment, it is not measurable in the same way that tooth positions can be assessed on plaster casts or angles measured on a radiograph. Muscle tenderness and limited movement are both features of temporomandibular dysfunction. The boundary between normal subjects, who may have some signs of dysfunction and patients, who may not have distinctly more severe signs cannot always be made (Widmar 1992). By some definitions based on the morphology of the joint structures, even symptomless individuals could be categorised as abnormal. One of the difficulties in assessing functional incapacity of a patient with muscle pain is the absence of the same baseline data needed to assess malocclusion, or the handicap due to reduced occlusal area. It is encouraging to find that a simple test, such as measuring maximum opening, is a useful indicator of treatment progress in temporomandibular dysfunction. This sign, although simple and of limited diagnostic use, reflects the poverty of useful tests for masticatory function.

No description available.

The thesis deals with the portrayal and function of space in literary and film versions of the 60's wave texts - the Cremator and Diamonds of the Night. The first chapter is concerned with works of autors, who focused between 1945 - 1968 on the second World war literature. Then the thesis tries to describe shortly the issue of portrayal of space in the literature and film adaptations. The folowing chapters focuse directly on the comparison of space in the two selected works. The aim of this thesis is to find out and to describe differences between portrayal of the spaces via literary and film instruments. Key words Ladislav Fuks, the Cremator, Arnošt Lustig, Diamonds of the Night, Darkness Casts No Shadow, 1space, adaptation, 1960s, film.