[pt] Memória e a identidade são temas muito presentes nos debates e estudos contemporâneos, em muitos campos do conhecimento, sendo abordados sob variados aspectos e por grupos diversificados. A falta de referências em meio às rápidas e profundas transformações que caracterizam o nosso tempo torna necessária a busca pela compreensão das causas e consequências dessas mudanças. No campo religioso, este processo tem sido caracterizado pela perda progressiva das identidades herdadas, que tem como uma de suas faces mais perceptíveis questões relacionados à transmissão de uma memória coletiva. Partindo desse contexto, este trabalho tem por finalidade pesquisar as catacumbas, na cidade de Roma, sobretudo entre os séculos II e IV, enquanto lugares de memória e identidade para o cristianismo, por meio de uma proposta de diálogo com outros campos do conhecimento, aos quais este tema se relaciona. Através dos registros deixados nestes cemitérios (iconográficos e epigráficos), e de outros documentos, queremos reafirmar a sua importância para a preservação da memória e identidade do cristianismo hoje. A partir dos desafios advindos da pós-modernidade, intentamos que a reflexão em torno desses locais, de enorme relevância histórica, possa contribuir, através de seus testemunhos, para o debate sobre a temática e inspirar opções e ações pastorais nas comunidades eclesiais. / [en] Memory and identity are present themes in contemporary debates and studies, in many fields of knowledge, approached under different aspects and by diverse groups. The lack of references in the midst of the rapid and profound transformations that characterize our time makes it necessary to seek to understand the causes and consequences of these changes. In the religious field, this process the progressive loss of inherited identities characterizes this process, which has of its most perceptible issues related to the transmission of a collective memory. Based on this context, this work aims to research the catacombs in the city of Rome, especially between the 2nd and 4th centuries, as places of memory and identity for christianity, through a dialogue proposal with other fields of knowledge, which this theme is related. Through the records left in these cemeteries (iconographic and epigraphic) and other documents, we want to reaffirm its importance for the preservation of the memory and identity of christianity today. From the challenges arising from postmodernity, we intend that the reflection around these places of enormous historical relevance, can contribute, through their testimonies, to the debate on the theme and inspire pastoral options and actions in ecclesial communities.

Cette thèse se propose de mettre au point, grâce aux nouveaux outils informatiques, une méthode d’étude originale de l’espace funéraire en offrant une restitution tridimensionnelle de la sépulture, de l’architecture aux sujets. La découverte en 2003, d’un secteur de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcelin (Rome, Italie), encore inexploré et original dans son organisation, a initié ce travail. Plusieurs tombes, datées des Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C, accueillent une succession de dépôts d’un grand nombre d’inhumés. La complexité des ensembles funéraires de ce secteur a nécessité le recours à de nouvelles formes de représentation pour l’analyse. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’établir un protocole de modélisation des sépultures multiples adapté à la stratification complexe des dépôts. Nos recherches ont porté, dans un premier temps sur l’élaboration et le test d’un processus de modélisation adaptés aux deux tombes étudiées et dans un second temps sur l’analyse des temps chronologiques et de la gestion des dépôts. Nos recherches ont abouti à la mise au point d’une méthodologie d’acquisition et de restitution de l’ensemble des vestiges osseux, de l’appareil funéraire et de l’espace funéraire. La modélisation 3D a permis par la visualisation tridimensionnelle une étude fine individuelle, une analyse des relations entre les différents sujets et de l’évolution taphonomique des dépôts confirmant la simultanéité des dépôts au sein des niveaux et entre les niveaux en rapport avec une crise de mortalité.L’application d'un protocole d'enregistrement puis de restitutions sur cette catacombe pourra contribuer à l'élaboration d'une méthode pour l'approche des sépultures plurielles. / The aim of this thesis is to perform, with the help of new informatics tools, an original study method of funerary space and offers a three-dimensional modelling of burial from architecture to individuals. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of Saint Peter and Marcellinus catacombs parts, unexplored and original in its organisation. Several tombs, dated of 1st-3rd s A.D, received many buried. The complexity of tombs of central sector catacombs needs a new type of representation for analysis. The thesis goal is to establish a modelling process for several burials, adapt with deposit complex stratification. At first, our study was about the conception and the test of a modelling protocol adapted to the two study tombs, and after, to analyze chronological times and deposit management. Our research has result to acquisition and restitution process development of all human remains, funerary device and funerary space. The 3D modelling permits by the 3D visualisation, an advanced study, analyses of relations between different individuals and taphonomic evolution of deposit which confirmed the simultaneous deposit into levels and between levels linked to death's crisis.The application of a record protocol then restitution on these catacombs must contribute to a conception method for the approach of plural burials.

This essay is mainly about the Church of the Goths and about the Russian Orthodox Church, and their conflict. The essay will be focusing about important persons in these two churches. This essay will be tracing back the roots of the Church of the Goths, since it is a church, that is unknown by most people in this world. My research will be making a distinction of the differences between the Church of the Goths and the Russian Orthodox Church. This essay will also be discussing the heritage of the Gothic people and the theories of the Goths.The methods in the essay, is academic sources, information from the Church of the Goths and from the Russian Orthodox Church. The results shows how the information was found, and now it is published for the first time about the Church of the Goths. This means the Church of the Goths has a stronger ground than first expected. The methods were comparing what the different sources says, and if it was possible to connect the Church of the Goths to the Metropolitanate of Gothia, and so on.