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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Estudo da aplicação de conversores catalíticos platina/paládio como auxiliar no processo de controle das emissões gasosas automotivas / Study of application of catalytic converters platin/palladium with auxiliary in the control process of emission gas automotives

Martins, Keyll Carlos Ribeiro 30 June 2003 (has links)
Este trabalho de pesquisa visa estudar o processo de formação das emissões gasosas num motor de combustão interna movido à álcool e analisar os fatores que contribuem para o controle dessas emissões em níveis estabelecidos pela legislação. Especial atenção foi dada à aplicação de conversores catalíticos platina/paládio como auxiliar no processo de controle das emissões gasosas automotivas. Foram realizados ensaios dinanométricos de um motor de combustão interna para analisar as emissões e o controle destas, em condições operacionais, em função da razão ar-combustível, ponto de ignição e rotação. O conversor catalítico contribuiu para redução de mais de 80% das emissões gasosas danosas à saúde, quando o motor operava em condições estequiométricas. Observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver o sistema de admissão e descarga do motor para receber o catalisador sem que este cause redução considerável à queda da eficiência volumétrica do motor. / This work of research aim analyzes process of formation of gas emissions in alcohol internal combustion engines and analyses factors that contribute to control those emissions in level established by legislation. Special attention was faced application of catalytic converters platin/palladium with auxiliary in the process of control emissions gas automotives. Assays dynamometric were realized of to analyses emission and control them, in conditions operation ales, in function of air-fuel ratio, point of ignition and rotation the catalytic converters contribute to reduction more of 80% of emissions gas that cause damage health, when observed that necessity of develop system of admission and exhaust of engines to receive catalysts out that provocate reduction considerable decrease of efficiency volumetric of engines.
22

Estudo da aplicação de conversores catalíticos platina/paládio como auxiliar no processo de controle das emissões gasosas automotivas / Study of application of catalytic converters platin/palladium with auxiliary in the control process of emission gas automotives

Keyll Carlos Ribeiro Martins 30 June 2003 (has links)
Este trabalho de pesquisa visa estudar o processo de formação das emissões gasosas num motor de combustão interna movido à álcool e analisar os fatores que contribuem para o controle dessas emissões em níveis estabelecidos pela legislação. Especial atenção foi dada à aplicação de conversores catalíticos platina/paládio como auxiliar no processo de controle das emissões gasosas automotivas. Foram realizados ensaios dinanométricos de um motor de combustão interna para analisar as emissões e o controle destas, em condições operacionais, em função da razão ar-combustível, ponto de ignição e rotação. O conversor catalítico contribuiu para redução de mais de 80% das emissões gasosas danosas à saúde, quando o motor operava em condições estequiométricas. Observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver o sistema de admissão e descarga do motor para receber o catalisador sem que este cause redução considerável à queda da eficiência volumétrica do motor. / This work of research aim analyzes process of formation of gas emissions in alcohol internal combustion engines and analyses factors that contribute to control those emissions in level established by legislation. Special attention was faced application of catalytic converters platin/palladium with auxiliary in the process of control emissions gas automotives. Assays dynamometric were realized of to analyses emission and control them, in conditions operation ales, in function of air-fuel ratio, point of ignition and rotation the catalytic converters contribute to reduction more of 80% of emissions gas that cause damage health, when observed that necessity of develop system of admission and exhaust of engines to receive catalysts out that provocate reduction considerable decrease of efficiency volumetric of engines.
23

Análises experimental, teórica e computacional do escoamento dos gases de exaustão no conversor catalítico platina/paládio instalado em um motor de combustão interna a etanol / Experimental, theoretical, and computational analysis of exhaust gases flow in catalytic converter platinum-palladium of internal combustion engine burning ethanol

Keyll Carlos Ribeiro Martins 29 June 2006 (has links)
O trabalho consiste em análises experimental, teórica e computacional do escoamento dos gases de exaustão através de um conversor catalítico platina-paládio, instalado num motor de combustão interna movido a etanol. Foram realizados ensaios dinanométricos no motor para análise das medidas experimentais no sistema de exaustão e para aquisição de valores das propriedades termodinâmicas, de transporte e de concentrações químicas, os quais serviram de dados iniciais para a simulação computacional desenvolvida com a utilização dos softwares CFX e MFIX. Os programas resolvem um conjunto de equações conservativas que permitem a análise da variação da pressão, temperatura, velocidade e composição química dos gases de escape ao longo do suporte monolítico. Além de avaliar a formação e os níveis das emissões provenientes da combustão da mistura ar-combustível. A eficiência catalítica no primeiro suporte do conversor foi de 11% THC, 100% NOx e 20% CO. Foi verificada uma diferença de 1,23% entre a velocidade média experimental e a simulada. Modelos matemáticos foram aplicados no estudo da perda de carga no conversor catalítico e na relação difusão-reação do consumo e formação das espécies químicas. / The thesis describes computational, experimental, and theoretical analysis of the exhaust gases flow through a Pt/Pd catalytic converter installed on internal combustion engine burning ethanol. The obtained values related to energy properties and mass transport in experimental tests is the base of initial values for development of the computational simulation by using CFX and MFIX software. The programs solves a group of conservative equations that allow to analysis of variation such as pressure, temperature, and also, velocity of exhausting gases along the monolithic support, moreover to evaluate the formation of gases and its emission levels on the incoming air-fuel mixture combustion and its respective chemical reactions of oxidation. The catalytic efficiency through the first monolith of the converter were about of 11% THC, 100% NOx e 20% CO. It was verified also a small difference of 1,2 % between the experimental and the simulated average velocity. In addition mathematical models were applied on the study of the load loss in catalytic converter, diffusion-reaction of the consumption and also formation of chemical species.
24

Contribution à l'étude des éléments du groupe du platine en milieu urbain et péri-urbain / Distribution of platinum group elements in urban and peri-urban environment

Omrani, Mehrazin 12 December 2018 (has links)
Le platine (Pt), le palladium (Pd) et le rhodium (Rh), font partie des Eléments du Groupe du Platine (EGP), utilisés dans les catalyseurs automobiles. En raison de leur émission dans l'environnement, ces éléments peuvent aujourd'hui être considérés comme des contaminants émergeants et traceurs de la contamination automobile. Cette étude porte sur la dispersion des EGP depuis leur source (monolithes et émission à l'échappement) jusqu'au champ proche (atmosphère, poussières de chaussées, eaux de ruissellement, sédiment,sol de bord de route). Leur mobilité à partir de monolithes a été étudiée en présence d'eau de ruissellement et de molécules organiques. Leur spéciation a été évaluée dans les poussières de chaussées et les sédiments. Les teneurs en EGP dans les monolithes étudiés montrent le remplacement de Pt par Pd dans les catalyseurs récents. L'abondance relative des EGP dans les échantillons environnementaux est Pd > Pt > Rh. Les expérimentations de mobilisation montrent que la mobilisation des EGP est plus significative au contact des molécules organiques, est dépendante du pH de la solution et augmente avec l'âge du monolithe. Rh est l'élément le plus mobilisable dans les monolithes. La spéciation montre que les EGP sont peu mobiles. Dans la part mobilisable, ils sont majoritairement liés à la fraction dite organique. / Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) (platinum-group elements; PGEs),are used in automotive catalytic converters to remove harmful emissions from exhaust gas. Nevertheless, nowadays, the PGEs are emerging as new environmental emission contaminators due to their increasing use. The goal of this research is to study the distribution of PGEs from the source (i.e. automotive catalytic converters and exhaust gas) to the environmental samples (i.e. atmospheric particles, road dust,storm water, pond sediments, and road-side soil). The mobility of PGEs from the converters in contact with run off water and natural complexing agents were studied. Also, the speciation of PGEs was investigated in road dust and pond sediments. Comparison of PGE contents in different catalysts confirms the replacement of Pt by Pd in more recent converters. Besides, the relative abundance of PGEs in environmental samples shows higher concentration of Pd compared toPt and Rh (i.e. Pd>Pt>Rh). The results of testing PGEs mobilization in catalytic converters demonstrate more significant mobilization by organic molecules as compared to run off water. Our results also show the dependency of PGEs mobilization on pH and on catalyst age. Among the PGEs, Rh was the most mobilized element in catalytic converters. More importantly, the speciation test shows that while PGEs are low mobile elements, in the mobilizable fraction, PGEs are in the organic fraction.

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