Floristic characteristics of the Andover Game Reserve (AGR) were surveyed using an area-based survey technique and classified according to the data recorded from 88 relevés, using the PHYTOTAB-PC software package. Three plant communities, of which two each contain two variants, were described and mapped. The plant communities and their causative environmental factors were validated through detrended- and canonical correspondence multivariate analyses. The plant communities of the AGR were found to typify the floristics associated with the catenal sequences located in undulating areas on granite. Broad-leaved savanna is located at the crest and upper mid-slopes while fine-leaved savanna occurs along the footslopes of the AGR. Seeplines, a characteristic occurrence along catenas, are found at the transitional zone between the upper broad- and lower fine-leaved savanna plant communities. This study forms the basis for the compilation of a revised ecological management plan for the Andover Game Reserve.

Se realizó un estudio de una toposecuencia de suelos en el área de la Mesa La Tentación, la cual se encuentra al sur del estado Anzoátegui, en la confluencia de los Llanos Orientales con los Llanos Centro Orientales. Para la caracterización pedo-geomorfológica de estos suelos, se realizó una catena de 8 calicatas, de las cuales en conjunto se tomaron 38 muestras, a las cuales se les realizaron los análisis físicos y químicos rutinarios: color, estructura, textura, densidad, humedad, pH, materia orgánica, carbonatos alcalinotérreos, acidez intercambiable, bases intercambiables, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), porcentaje de saturación con bases (PSB) y conductividad eléctrica. Con base en estas características se concluyó que los suelos estudiados son ácidos, muy lixiviados, con presencia de arcilla caolinita, alto grado de intemperización, bajo desarrollo pedogenético, son suelos minerales, muy susceptibles a los procesos erosivos, decalcificados, con alto grado de porosidad y permeabilidad, desalinizados, malos conductores de electricidad y muy baja fertilidad. Se observaron leves diferencias sistemáticas de cada uno de los parámetros analizados a lo largo de la catena, asociadas a las características de las diferentes posiciones topográficas y geomorfológicas en que fueron estudiados los perfiles de suelo.

<p> Several surface soil properties and topographical measures were studied at two hillslopes within the Crawford Lake Conservation Area. These measures were examined to establish any interrelationships to support the catena concept proposed by Milne (1935).</p> <p> The results of the study show that no similar patterns as found by Anderson and Furley (1975) and which include a decrease in organic matter and increase in pH, carbonate content, or, finer particles downslope could be found. Other factors which could be found within a three-dimensional soil landscape and may influence the soil processes along a catena should also be adopted. This may then describe all relationships that could affect soil development across a hillslope.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 amendola_df_me_rcla.pdf: 3448606 bytes, checksum: 0b6b27e89f3b74491dfe963ad3ffbd73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A região do oeste mineiro possui grande importância econômica nacional, possui excelente potencial mineral e é um importante polo do agronegócio. Sua importância para o Brasil não é recente, o oeste mineiro, assim como todo o estado de Minas Gerais, possui grande importância histórica também, desde a extração de ouro na época colonial, passando pela cultura do café com leite e chegando aos dias atuais, com a mineração. Calcário e argila refratária são importantes bens minerais explorados a décadas, estando associados às rochas sedimentares da formação Marília, que sustenta o relevo das chapadas sedimentares ali presentes. A catena estudada encontra-se no alto de uma dessas chapadas, localizada entre os municípios de Uberaba e Uberlândia, e é composta por três perfis, T1P1 (montante), T1P2 (meia encosta) e T1P3 (jusante), que demonstram, localmente, a transição entre Latossolos e Gleissolos. Análises químicas, físicas e mineralógicas foram feitas para caracterizar a transição entre os dois tipos de solo que compõem a Catena. O fracionamento da matéria orgânica indicou que a matéria orgânica particulada, presente na fração areia, ainda é bastante significativa e contribui para elevar o cálculo do carbono orgânico total no ambiente. O índice Ki, que retrata o grau de intemperismo, indica um caráter predominantemente gibbsítico em todas as porções do solo da Catena. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura indica a presença de alumínio na forma de hidróxido, Gibbsita, concordando com o caráter gibbsítico impresso pelo índice Ki. Os resultados da análise de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier apontam para a presença de ácidos orgânicos cuja composição é dada por ácidos carboxílicos fracos e polissacarídeos. Quando correlacionados, os resultados apontam para um solo mineral rico em Gibbsita apresentando enriquecimento aluminoso característicos das áreas hidromórficas. As áreas hidromórficas perfazem um total de 6% ou 2,1 milhões de quilômetros quadrados da superfície terrestre e são importantes reservatórios de carbono orgânico, sendo muito importantes na manutenção climática do planeta Terra. Seu estudo é importante devido ao acelerado declínio, em área, desses ambientes, globalmente. O estudo do carbono associado ao solo é importante pois o solo é capaz de acumular até quatro vezes mais carbono do que a biomassa vegetal e até três vezes mais carbono do que a atmosfera. Localmente, na área de estudo, os teores de carbono orgânico tendem a diminuir em direção à base dos perfis estudados e aumentar, em aproximadamente 8 vezes, em direção à jusante da Catena, na região dos solos Glei. / The region of western Minas Gerais has great national economic importance, has excellent mineral potential and is an important pole of agribusiness. Its importance for Brazil is not recent, the west of Minas Gerais, as well as the entire state of Minas Gerais, is also of great historical importance, from the extraction of gold in colonial times, to the present day, with diferente types of mining. Limestone and refractory clay are important mineral assets exploited for decades, being associated to the sedimentary rocks of the Marília formation, which supports the relief of the sedimentary plains present there. The studied catena is located on the top of one of these plains, located between the cities of Uberaba and Uberlândia, and is composed of three profiles, T1P1 (upstream), T1P2 (half slope) and T1P3 (downstream) the transition between Oxisols and Gleissolos. Chemical, physical and mineralogical analyzes were made to characterize the transition between the two types of soil that compose Catena. The fractionation of the organic matter indicated that the particulate organic matter, present in the sand fraction, is still very significant and contributes to increase the calculation of the total organic carbon in the environment. The Ki index, which shows the degree of weathering, indicates a predominantly gibbsite character in all portions of the Catena soil. The Scanning Electron Microscopy indicates the presence of aluminum in the form of hydroxide, Gibbsite, agreeing with the gibbsitic character printed by the Ki index. The results of the Fourier transform Infrared analysis point to the presence of organic acids whose composition is given by weak carboxylic acids and polysaccharides. When correlated, the results point to a mineral rich in Gibbsite presenting aluminous enrichment characteristic of the hydromorphic areas. Hydromorphic areas make up a total of 6% or 2.1 million square kilometers of the earth's surface and are important reservoirs of organic carbon, and are very important in the climate maintenance of planet Earth. Their study is important because of the accelerated decline in area of these environments globally. The study of the carbon associated to the soil is important because the soil is able to accumulate up to four times more carbon than the vegetal biomass and up to three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Locally, in the study area, the organic carbon content tends to decrease towards the base of the studied profiles and increase, approximately 8 times, downstream of Catena, in the region of the Glei soils.

No description available.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’établir une édition critique et une traduction du Commentaire d’Eusèbe de Césarée de quatre psaumes parmi les psaumes d’Asaph : les psaumes 49, 72, 77 et 82. Elle s’intéresse également à l’apport de la tradition indirecte, et à son utilisation par l’éditeur du Commentaire. Le Commentaire sur les Psaumes d’Eusèbe de Césarée est transmis, pour presque un tiers de l’ouvrage, en tradition directe, par le manuscrit Coislin 44. Pour le premier et le dernier tiers, la tradition directe fait défaut, et le Commentaire doit être reconstitué à l’aide de la tradition indirecte : les chaînes exégétiques sur le Psautier. Nous étudions, dans ce travail, le texte transmis par la première chaîne palestinienne et le texte transmis par la chaîne de Nicétas, et le confrontons, lorsque c’est possible, au texte transmis par le Coislin 44. Il ressort de cette étude que la première chaîne palestinienne transmet de longs fragments littéraux, susceptibles d’être utilisés par l’éditeur pour pallier la perte du texte en tradition directe (elle ne transmet toutefois pas le texte dans son intégralité). Elle permet également d’améliorer le texte de la tradition directe. L’apport des chaînes filles de la première chaîne palestinienne est de qualité inégale. Le nombre de fragments transmis, leur longueur et leur intérêt pour l’éditeur varient considérablement d’un manuscrit à l’autre. Enfin, l’utilisation de la chaîne de Nicétas reste délicate. Son utilisation ponctuelle reste possible, et parfois utile, mais la chaîne de Nicétas, seule, ne permet pas la reconstitution du texte perdu du Commentaire. / The purpose of this dissertation is to establish a critical edition and a translation of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on four of the Psalms of Asaph: the psalms 49, 72, 77 and 82. This dissertation also studies the contribution of the indirect tradition, and its use by the editor of the Commentary. Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on the Psalms is transmitted, for almost a third of the book, by the direct tradition: the manuscript Coislin 44. The direct tradition is lacking for the first and last thirds, and the Commentary has to be edited using the indirect tradition: the exegetical catenae on the Psalms. We study, in this dissertation, the text transmitted by the first Palestinian catena and the text transmitted by Niceta’s catena, and we confront it, when it’s possible, to the text transmitted by the Coislin 44. This study shows that the first Palestinian catena transmits extended literal fragments. The editor can use these fragments to compensate the lack of the text in the direct tradition (but this catena doesn’t transmit the full text). The first Palestinian catena also improves the text of the direct tradition. The contribution of the catenae derived from the first Palestinian catena is of variable quality. The number of fragments transmitted, their length and their relevance for the editor vary considerably from one manuscript to another. Finally, the use of Niceta’s catena is quite difficult. Its use remains possible, and sometimes useful, but the only use of the Niceta’s catena doesn’t enable to edit the missing text of the Commentary.

L’insorgenza e la diffusione dell’antibiotico resistenza sta diventando un problema a livello mondiale. Molti sono gli ambienti in cui può avvenire tale diffusione, ma una delle principali vie di trasmissione passa attraverso la catena alimentare. Infatti, l’utilizzo di sostanze antimicrobiche è largamente diffuso negli allevamenti di animali ad uso alimentare e in agricoltura. In particolare, negli allevamenti gli antibiotici non solo vengono usati per trattare eventuali patologie, ma anche come profilassi e come promotori di crescita. Di conseguenza, questo uso a volte sconsiderato ha portato all’insorgenza di batteri resistenti a tali sostanze. Un ruolo fondamentale nella trasmissione e diffusione di tali resistenze a livello alimentare è svolto da batteri non patogeni che sono parte del naturale microbiota degli alimenti. Questi microorganismi infatti, pur non essendo essi stessi nocivi per l’uomo, possono fungere da reservoir di antibiotico resistenze per eventuali batteri patogeni. I batteri che generalmente svolgono questo ruolo sono i batteri lattici. Per questo motivo molto importante è stato identificare e studiare l’antibiotico resistenza anche di tali microorganismi. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, c’è stato un crescente interesse per un’altra classe di microorganismi, chiamata Haloarchaea o alobatteri o archaea alofili, poiché la loro presenza è stata rilevata in alimenti particolarmente salati. Dal momento che in letteratura ci sono pochi lavori che studiano i profili di antibiotico resistenza di tali microorganismi e, comunque, tali profili non sono stati studiati su un numero significativo di microorganismi appartenenti alla stessa specie, il presente lavoro di tesi è volto a definire il profilo di antibiotico resistenza del capostipite degli archaea alofili, che è l’Halobacterium salinarum, verificare se ci sono ceppi che presentano antibiotico resistenze e controllare se tali resistenze possono essere trasferite a batteri patogeni. / Antimicrobial resistance is now widely acknowledged as a major global public health challenge. There are many environments through which the transmission and diffusion of antibiotic resistance could happen, but one of the main routes of transmission is the food chain. As a matter of fact, antibiotic use is widely spread in animal husbandry and in agriculture. In particular, in animal husbandry antimicrobials have been used both for therapeutic reasons and as growth promoters. As a consequence, a selective pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria of animal origin has been exerted during the time, leading to the onset of microorganisms resistant to such compounds. A pivotal role in the spread in the food chain of antibiotic resistance has been played by non-pathogenic bacteria present in food. These microorganisms are not harmful for humans, but they could represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance for foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Usually lactic acid bacteria play this role, since they are present in all fermented food. For this reason, the antibiotic resistance profile of lactic acid bacteria has been assessed. In recent years, another class of microorganisms called halophilic archaea have raised an increasing scientific interest, since they have been found in the human intestinal mucosa as well as in foods such as salted codfish and fermented Asiatic seafood. As a few papers have studied the antibiotic resistance profiles of halophilic archaea, and the only present do not consider a statistically significant number of microorganisms belonging to the same species, the aim of the present work is to define the antibiotic resistance profile of the major exponent of halophilic archaea, named Halobacterium salinarum, and consequently to verify if some strains present antibiotic resistances and if they can transfer these resistances to bacteria present in the food chain.

Because of the dynamic nature of shrinking and swelling of soils that are classified as Vertisols, partitioning of rainfall into infiltration and runoff in a Vertic watershed is more temporally and spatially unique than in most other watersheds. Hydrology models that account for realistic representation of crack dynamics are rarely used because the spatial and temporal patterns of cracking across a catena and under different land uses are poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to 1) determine if variability in soil cracking on a Vertisol catena, having the same soil and land cover, could be explained by shrink-swell potential of the soil and changes in soil water content; 2) characterize the temporal and spatial variability of the shrinkage of a Vertisol under different land uses; and 3) determine the relationship between specific volume and water content of soils, particularly between saturation and field capacity. The research was conducted in Vertisol catenae of the Houston Black and Heiden soil series. The catenae were located within the USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Riesel Texas. Soil samples were taken to characterize the general properties of the soils. In situ bi-weekly measurements of vertical soil movements and soil water contents were made over a two-year span. Because shrink-swell potential was high at most landscape positions, soil water content was the primary factor driving the spatial and temporal variability of soil shrinking and swelling. The measured relationship between the amount of soil subsidence and water loss generally agreed with what would be theoretically expected. Maximum soil subsidence was 120 mm in the grazed pasture, 75 mm in the native prairie, and 76 mm in the row cropped field. Shrinkage of the whole soil was not equidimensional, and the study generally indicates more horizontal shrinkage than vertical shrinkage. Laboratory analysis showed an appreciable change in volume of soils between saturation and field capacity, suggests a layer of soil layer can subside up to 4% while drying from saturation to field capacity, which indicates the common laboratory measure of shrink swell potential does not capture the complete shrink-swell behavior of soils.

Paleopedology is often employed in paleoenvironmental reconstructions because the features of paleosols are affected by changes in climate, ecology, topography, and lithology over time. These changes cause small-scale variations in the morphology and apparent development of paleosols and influence the degree to which certain soil features are preserved in the rock record. When drawing inferences about paleoenvironments based on paleosols, care must be taken to ensure that as many of the soil forming factors as possible are understood. Whereas climates can be ignored over small areas, and lithology represents the medium of soil preservation, topographic relief can vary dramatically over local scales, thereby influencing the partitioning of plant communities and contributing greatly to the development of soils. In this study, paleo-geomorphological relationships were investigated along a paleovalley sequence in the Early Oligocene Orella Member of the Brule Formation in the White River G / Geology

Il progetto di tesi si basa su uno studio di carattere qualitativo focalizzato a costruire un framework teorico relativo ai processi di comunicazione lungo la Supply Chain (SC), identificando come la stessa comunicazione sia in grado di supportare il complesso processo di Supply Chain Management (SCM) sia sul piano strategico, sia sul piano operativo. Il progetto di tesi si articola quindi in tre parti specifiche: 1. una review sistematica e critica della letteratura internazionale sui temi della Supply Chain e della comunicazione che fornisce un’analisi approfondita del dibattito internazionale sui processi relationship-based della SC, evidenziando inoltre il fondamentale ruolo della comunicazione nello scambio di flussi sociali, informativi e fisici tra i partner; 2. due studi esplorativi di tipo induttivo-deduttivo che costruiscono una mappatura concettuale preliminare dei ruoli e dei canali di comunicazione che supportano le fasi strategiche ed operative del SCM; 3. uno studio Grounded Theory (GT) progettato sulla base dei risultati emersi dai precedenti studi preliminari e basato su una ricerca empirica approfondita che ha coinvolto SC executives e managers di aziende italiane ed internazionali. / The Ph.D. research project is based on a wide qualitative study aimed at building a theoretical framework of the communication processes along the SC identifying how communication supports strategic and operational SCM and providing managerial insights on how to make an effective and efficient use of communication resources over time. The project emphasizes how relationships and processes are affected by communication flows, depicting the links among SC processes, communication and SC performance dimensions. More specifically, the project methodological design is articulated in three subsequent interrelated research phases: 1. a systematic and critical literature review on SC and communication providing a focused analysis of the international debate on SC relationship-based processes highlighting communication as an enabler of social, information and physical flows among SC partners; 2. a two-step exploratory inductive-deductive study aimed at building a preliminary conceptual mapping of communication roles and channels supporting strategic and operational SCM; a comprehensive Grounded Theory (GT) study designed according to emergent insights from both the preliminary inductive-deductive analysis carried out and an in depth empirical research investigating widespread SC communication representations, practices and aspirations.