Celery production has become an important factor in the economy of certain areas in Utah. In 1949 over 400 acres were harvested with an average yield of 800 crates per acre, the average return per crate being $1.80. this amounts to over half a million dollars. The crop serves as a valuable cash crop, creates a demand for hand labor, and serves as an important commercial fertilizer. Little experimental work has been done on the fertilizer requirements of celery in Utah: At the present time estimates of fertilizer need are being based upon grower practices and work done in other areas. Information is needed on the amount of ouch fertilizer element needed to give optimum yields under Utah conditions. The quality of Utah celery in the past has been one of its chief selling points in competition with celery from other areas. If a good market for Utah celery is to be maintained, the quality must be maintained or improved. In the last few years some Utah celery has become pithy and tough which is an expression of poor quality. There is widespread feeling among growers that quality of celery can be improved by fertilizer practice. As yet there is very little experimental evidence on this relationship. This study was arranged to obtain information as to the relationships that exist between yield, quality, the nutrient element content, and applied fertilizer.

Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xvi, 82 leaves, Annexures A-L / To determine the efficacy of the Harpago and celery seed cream in mild to moderate degenerative joint disease of the knee in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings

<p>Directive EC 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council states that certain</p><p>ingredients and products derived there of known to cause allergen reactions must always be</p><p>declared. Furthermore labelling is mandatory irrespective of the amount included. The National</p><p>Food Administration therefore needs methods for monitoring the presence of allergens in food.</p><p>Methods already exist for most of the allergens on the EU-list, but an operational method for</p><p>celery (Apium graveolens) is missing.</p><p>A specific DNA-method was developed, based on TaqMan Real-Time PCR with the celery</p><p>mannitol dehydrogenase gene as target sequence. The analysis was started with homogenisation</p><p>of the sample followed by extraction of DNA. The Real-Time PCR method was shown to be</p><p>specific for celery, producing a 113 bp fragment with two celery varieties and negative results</p><p>with other closely selected species commonly present together with celery in food products (12</p><p>samples). The detection limit was 2-20 pg DNA, which corresponds to 1-7 haploid genome</p><p>copies. When evaluated with model samples of celery in meat, a detection limit of less than</p><p>0,01 % was determined. When used to analyse food products from the market, six out of seven</p><p>products declared to contain celery were correctly identified as positive.</p>

Directive EC 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council states that certain ingredients and products derived there of known to cause allergen reactions must always be declared. Furthermore labelling is mandatory irrespective of the amount included. The National Food Administration therefore needs methods for monitoring the presence of allergens in food. Methods already exist for most of the allergens on the EU-list, but an operational method for celery (Apium graveolens) is missing. A specific DNA-method was developed, based on TaqMan Real-Time PCR with the celery mannitol dehydrogenase gene as target sequence. The analysis was started with homogenisation of the sample followed by extraction of DNA. The Real-Time PCR method was shown to be specific for celery, producing a 113 bp fragment with two celery varieties and negative results with other closely selected species commonly present together with celery in food products (12 samples). The detection limit was 2-20 pg DNA, which corresponds to 1-7 haploid genome copies. When evaluated with model samples of celery in meat, a detection limit of less than 0,01 % was determined. When used to analyse food products from the market, six out of seven products declared to contain celery were correctly identified as positive.

The risks and profitability associated with four early planting dates, and three different types of bolting risk reduction strategies, were evaluated for Quebec celery production. The four planting dates studied were April 17 th, April 24th, May 1st and May 8 th. The impacts on yield if plants were harvested after eleven week, twelve, thirteen, and fourteen weeks in the field were investigated. The three risk reduction strategies considered were plants grown from planting until June 2nd with no row covers, under floating row covers of spunbonded polyester (Agryl P17, Plastitech) and under floating row covers made of clear, perforated polyethylene (Plastitech). The results suggest that the floating row covers can help plants reach the required market standards sooner that if no row covers were used from the planting date investigated until June 2nd. At the earliest two planting dates, the results suggest that row covers may significantly suppress bolting and allow greater yields at earlier harvest dates. The results also suggest that row covers may provide an advantage at later planting dates, as they may allow for the plants to reach marketable standards sooner. The results also suggest that there is a 50 percent chance of encountering bolting rate of 30 percent or higher if transplanting plants on April 17th. The row covers reduced the probability that plants will bolt to close to zero at for all four planting dates. The most profitable strategy was determined to be planting on April 17th, growing the plants under row covers made of spunbonded polyester (Agryl P17, Plastitech) from planting until June 2nd and then harvesting after the plants had been in the field for thirteen weeks.

Vernalized celery seedlings (Apium graveolens L. var. Florida 683) were predevernalized under different temperature and light regimes prior to field transplanting. At least 89% of predevernalized plants bolted during both 1999 and 2000 suggesting that the predevernalization treatments were not effective in counteracting the vernalizing stimulus. Predevernalization treatments had no long-term effect on growth and development. Non-vernalized celery seedlings were transplanted on clear polyethylene mulch, thermo-selective polyethylene mulch or no mulch in combination with clear perforated polyethylene mini tunnel, single or double layer of agrotextile mini tunnel or no mini tunnel. Very few plants bolted in 1999. Mulch increased fresh weight and number of celery leaves compared with controls. Plants grown on clear polyethylene mulch had significantly higher mortality rates than other treatments. Agrotextile mini tunnels reduced bolting to 0% in 2000. Mini tunnels, especially a single layer of agrotextile, increased fresh weight, plant height and stem diameter in 2000.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>U ovom radu proučavana je osmotska dehidratacija korena i lista celera u dva različita osmotska rastvora: vodenom rastvoru saharoze i natrijum hlorida i melasi &scaron;ećerne repe. Ispitivan je uticaj temperature procesa (20&deg;C, 35&deg;C i 50&deg;C) i vremena imerzije (1, 3 i 5h) na gubitak vode, prira&scaron;taj suve materije, sadržaj suve materije, vrednosti aktivnosti vode, promenu antioksidativne aktivnosti, promenu boje i promenu mineralnog sastava (K, Mg, Ca, Fe) tokom osmotske dehidratacije korena i lista celera.<br />Dokazano je da se povećanjem temperature i produženjem vremena trajanja procesa pospe&scaron;uje prenos mase tj. migracija molekula vode iz tretiranog biljnog materijala u okolni rastvor, i prodiranje molekula rastvorene supstance iz osmotskog rastvora u tretirano biljno tkivo. Snižene aw vrednosti u svim ispitivanim uzorcima ukazuju na pozitivan uticaj osmotske dehidratacije na mikrobiolo&scaron;ku stabilnost tretiranog korena i lista celera, &scaron;to je potvrdila i mikrobiolo&scaron;ka analiza.<br />Nasuprot rastvoru saharoze i natrijum hlorida koji je uticao na opadanje ukupne antioksidativnosti osmotski dehidriranih uzoraka, melasa &scaron;ećerne repe, kao bogat izvor prirodnih antioksidanasa, doprinosi povećanju antioksidativnosti i pobolj&scaron;anju funkcionalnog kvaliteta dehidriranog produkta. Usled transfera bojenih materija (melanoidina) iz melase, dolazi do tamnjenja tretiranih uzoraka. Bojene materije iz melase, zbog svojih antioksidativnih svojstava takođe doprinose pobolj&scaron;anju antioksidativnosti krajnjeg produkta. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali značajno pobolj&scaron;anje mineralnog sastava korena i lista celera, dehidriranih u melasi &scaron;ećerne repe, dok je kod uzoraka tretiranih u rastvoru saharoze i natrijumhlorida uočeno smanjenje sadržaja ispitivanih mineralnih materija.<br />Statističkom obradom rezultata, uočeno je da su optimalni procesni parametri u pogledu efikasnosti procesa, kao i mikrobiolo&scaron;kog, nutritivnog, senzornog i funkcionalnog kvaliteta osmotski dehidriranog korena i lista celera, vreme trajanja procesa od 5h, na temperaturi od 50^{<span style="font-size:11px;">&deg;</span>}<span style="font-size:11px;">C</span>, u melasi &scaron;ećerne repe kao osmotskom rastvoru.</p> / <p>In this thesis, the osmotic dehydration of celery leaves and root in two different osmotic solutions (sucrose and sodium chloride dissolved in water and sugar beet molasses), was investigated. The effect of process temperature (20&deg;C, 35&deg;C i 50&deg;C) and immersion time (1, 3 and 5h) on water loss, solid gain, dry matter content, value of water activity, change of antioxidant activity, change of color parameters and change of mineral composition (K, Mg, Ca, Fe) was investigated.<br />It was found that increasing of process temperature and immersion time enhance mass transfer, intesifying migration of water molecules from the treated plant material into the surrounding solution and penetration of dissolved substances molecules from the osmotic solution into the treated plant tissue. Reduced aw values in all examined samples indicate a positive effect of osmotic dehydration on the microbiological stability of the treated celery leaves and root, which was also confirmed by the microbiological analysis.<br />Contrary to the solution of sucrose and sodium chloride, which was contributed to the decrease in total antioxidantivity of osmotically dehydrated samples, sugar beet molasses, as a rich source of natural antioxidants, contributed to an increase in antioxidant activity and an improvement in the functional quality of the dehydrated products. Due to the transfer of colored substances (melanoidins) from the molasses, the color of treated samples was darker. The colored substances from molasses, due to their antioxidant properties, also contribute to the enhancement of the antioxidativity of the final product. The results showed a significant improvement of the mineral content of celery leaves and root dehydrated in sugar beet molasses, while the samples treated in sucrose and sodium chloride solution show reduction of the examined mineral matters.<br />Statistical analysis revealed that optimal process parameters in terms of process efficiency, as well as the microbiological, nutritive, sensory and functional quality of the osmotically dehydrated celery leaves and root were: the process time of 5 hours, at a temperature of 50&deg;C, in sugar beet molasses as an osmotic solution.</p>

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is a α-Proteo bacteria, Gram-negative, restricted to plant phloem and to the haemolymph of psyllids that act as vectors. This emerging bacterium has been associated with different diseases in different hosts and associated with carrot (Daucus carota) in Spain. Vegetative disorders of unknown etiology have also been observed in celery (Apium graveolens) since 2008. A real-time PCR protocol specific to ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ detection, using TaqMan probe and direct sample preparation methods have been developed. This technology has been validated in an intra-laboratory study (sensitivity 1, specificity 1 and accuracy 100%) and is available commercially as a complete kit. It has been demonstrated that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is associated with the observed syndrome in celery and a new bacterium haplotype (E) has been identified. With these results it is concluded that celery is a new host of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ (Teresani et al., 2014a). Using the newly developed real-time PCR protocol ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ has been detected in 42,6% of the carrot seeds lots tested and in individual seeds. The number of cells/seeds has been estimated in 4.8±3.3 to 210±6.7, which only 5% were viable. After 150 days post-germination, 12% of seedlings showed symptoms and tested positive for ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. Liberibacter-like cells were observed in the phloem sieve elements of the seed coat and in the phloem of carrot leaf midrib from seedlings. These results demonstrated that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is transmitted by carrot seeds (Bertolini et al., 2014b). The collected arthropods were classified into families, and the superfamily Psylloidea was identified to the species level resulting Bactericera trigonica, B. tremblayi and B. nigricornis the main identified species. The population dynamics of different psyllids species visiting carrot, celery and potato has been determined, concluding that the highest populations are captured during summer. The bacterium has been detected in the different Bactericera species previous cited additionally to Bactericera sp. The psyllid species carrying the bacteria can be considered as possible vectors of the bacterium (Teresani et al. 2014b). Electrical Penetration Graphs showed that B. trigonica was able to feed in the phloem of carrot, celery and potato but not in the phloem of tomato plants. Experimental transmission showed that B. trigonica transmitted ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ from carrot to carrot, celery, potato and tomato. More efficient transmission occurred with ten individuals, and the transmission rates were 100% in celery, 80% in carrot and 10% in potato and tomato. The experimental transmission to potatoes threatens this crop (Teresani et al., 2014c). These combined results have built a scientific foundation of the biological and epidemiological aspects of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ contributing to new scientific information that is key in cultivation of celery and carrot to establish bacteria control strategies. The use of bacteria-free carrot seed lots will definitely contribute to mitigate damage and reduce risks of transmission to solanaceous crops. / Ribeiro Teresani, G. (2014). Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum: detection, characterization, new hosts and epidemiology in Spain [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48459 / TESIS