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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da fotocitotoxicidade dos corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos em culturas de células neoplásicas / Photocytotoxicity study of cyanine dyes with two chromophores toward neoplasic cell cultures .

Murakami, Luciana Sayuri 29 October 2009 (has links)
Os corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos possuem características espectrais e energéticas vantajosas para aplicação em Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) do câncer. Entretanto, sua fotoatividade contra neoplasias não foi ainda estudada nem in vivo nem in vitro. Nesta tese apresentamos os resultados dos estudos in vitro dos mecanismos da fotocitotoxicidade dos corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos (BCD) com ângulos entre os cromóforos = 1800, 1500 e 900 contra células neoplásicas, com a finalidade de avaliar a potencialidade da aplicação dos BCD como fotossensibilizadores (FS) em TFD. Os estudos foram realizados em comparação com o fotossensibilizador Photogem®,que já está sendo aplicado em TFD. Foram estudados o efeito fototóxico, a distribuição intracelular do BCD e a contribuição de apoptose e necrose na morte celular induzida por ele. Além disso, foi realizada a busca da formulação farmacêutica adequada para aplicação tópica do BCD180. Nos estudos da fotocitotoxicidade foram utilizadas as células neoplásicas de melanoma murino B16F10, melanoma humano C8161, adenocarcinoma de colo retal humano HT29, leucemia T humano (Jurkat) e leucemia mielóde aguda humana Hl-60. A citotoxicidade foi estudada em função da dose da irradiação, da concentração do FS e do tempo de incubação das células com FS. Todos os compostos testados apresentaram baixa citotoxicidade no escuro, quando sob irradiação com luz visível (? > 600 nm) sua citotoxicidade aumentou consideravelmente. Observamos que para todos os tipos de células neoplásicas a fotocitotoxicidade dos BCD, depois de atingir seu máximo na variação do tempo de incubação, é igual ou ultrapassa a fotocitotoxicidade do Photogem® nas mesmas condições experimentais. O estudo comparativo do BCD180 e dos BCD150 e BCD90 mostrou que nas mesmas condições experimentais os dois últimos possuem fotocitotoxicidade maior do que o BCD180. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos mostra que os BCD? podem ser considerados promissores FS para TFD do câncer. Os estudos através de microscopia de fluorescência da distribuição intracelular do BCD180 e dos marcadores fluorescentes das mitocôndrias Mitotracker GreenTM e Rodamina 123 e do núcleo 4\',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) mostraram que o BCD180 se localiza preferencialmente na região das mitocôndrias. Os mecanismos da morte celular induzida pelo BCD180 foram analisados através do estudo da morfologia das células Jurkat, liberação da fosfatidilserina, liberação do citocromo c, ativação da caspase-3 e do efeito na citotoxicidade do BCD180 da proteína Bcl-2 (inibidor do citocromo c). A análise mostrou que a apoptose é a principal responsável pela morte celular induzida pelo BCD180 no escuro, enquanto que, sob irradiação luminosa, tanto a apoptose quando a necrose contribuem para a morte celular, e a contribuição da necrose aumenta com o aumento da concentração do BCD180 e do tempo de pós-irradiação. A apoptose ocorre, provavelmente, pela via intrínseca ou mitocondrial. Além disso, foram realizados os testes de permeação cutânea do BCD180 utilizando várias formulações farmacológicas e foi determinado que a mistura de 10% de monoleína em propilenoglicol possui melhores características entre todas as formulações testadas. / Cyanine dyes with two chromophores possess vantage spectral and energetic characteristics for application in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. At the same time, their photoactivity against neoplasias was not yet studied neither in vivo, nor in vitro. In this thesis, we present the results of in vitro studies of photocytotoxicity mechanisms of cyanine dyes with two chromophores (BCD) with angles = 180,150 and 90 between chromophores against neoplasic cells, with the objective to evaluate BCD potentiality to be applied as photosensitizers (PS) to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). The studies were realized in comparison with photosensitizer Photogem®, which is already applied to PDT. The BCD? phototoxic effect, their intracellular distribution and contribution of the apoptosis and necrosis in the cell death induced by BCD were studied. Besides, the search of adequate pharmaceutical formulation for BCD180 topic application was realized. The neoplasic cell lines of melanoma B16F10 in mice, human melanoma C8161, human colon adenocarcinoma HT29, human T-cell leukemia (Jurkat) and human leukemia Hl-60, were used in the study of photocytotoxicity, which was studied as a function of irradiation dose, PS concentration and incubation time of cells with PS. All tested compounds demonstrated low cytotoxicity in the darkness, while under irradiation by visible light (? > 600 nm) their cytotoxicity considerably increased. It was observed that for all types of neoplasic cells BCD photocytotoxicity under the same experimental conditions is equal or exceeds that of Photogem® when reaches the maximum with the incubation time variation. The comparative study of BCD180 with BCD150 and BCD90 demonstrated that under the same experimental conditions two latter compounds possess photocytotoxicity exceeding that of BCD180. A set of the results obtained demonstrates that BCD can be considered as promising PS for PDT of cancer. The study of intracellular distribution of BCD180, and of mitochondria and nucleus fluorescence selective probes Mitotracker GreenTM, Rhodamine 123 and 4\',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) show that BCD180 is mostly localized in the region of mitochondria. The mechanisms of the cell death induced by BCD180 were analyzed in the study of Jurkat cells morphology, phosphatidyl serine and cytochrome c liberation, caspase-3 activation, and by protein Bcl-2 (cytochrome c inhibitor) effect on BCD180 cytotoxicity. The analysis demonstrated that apoptosis is the main responsible for the cell death induced by BCD180 in darkness, while under light irradiation both apoptosis and necrosis contribute to the cell death, and necrosis contribution increases with BCD180 concentration and post-irradiation time.The apoptosis is probably realized by an intrinsic or mitochondrial way. Besides, the tests of BCD180 cutaneum permeation were realized using various pharmacological formulations. It was determined that among all formulations tested, the mixture of 10% of monoleine in propylene glycol possesses the best characteristics.
2

Estudo da fotocitotoxicidade dos corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos em culturas de células neoplásicas / Photocytotoxicity study of cyanine dyes with two chromophores toward neoplasic cell cultures .

Luciana Sayuri Murakami 29 October 2009 (has links)
Os corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos possuem características espectrais e energéticas vantajosas para aplicação em Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) do câncer. Entretanto, sua fotoatividade contra neoplasias não foi ainda estudada nem in vivo nem in vitro. Nesta tese apresentamos os resultados dos estudos in vitro dos mecanismos da fotocitotoxicidade dos corantes ciânicos com dois cromóforos (BCD) com ângulos entre os cromóforos = 1800, 1500 e 900 contra células neoplásicas, com a finalidade de avaliar a potencialidade da aplicação dos BCD como fotossensibilizadores (FS) em TFD. Os estudos foram realizados em comparação com o fotossensibilizador Photogem®,que já está sendo aplicado em TFD. Foram estudados o efeito fototóxico, a distribuição intracelular do BCD e a contribuição de apoptose e necrose na morte celular induzida por ele. Além disso, foi realizada a busca da formulação farmacêutica adequada para aplicação tópica do BCD180. Nos estudos da fotocitotoxicidade foram utilizadas as células neoplásicas de melanoma murino B16F10, melanoma humano C8161, adenocarcinoma de colo retal humano HT29, leucemia T humano (Jurkat) e leucemia mielóde aguda humana Hl-60. A citotoxicidade foi estudada em função da dose da irradiação, da concentração do FS e do tempo de incubação das células com FS. Todos os compostos testados apresentaram baixa citotoxicidade no escuro, quando sob irradiação com luz visível (? > 600 nm) sua citotoxicidade aumentou consideravelmente. Observamos que para todos os tipos de células neoplásicas a fotocitotoxicidade dos BCD, depois de atingir seu máximo na variação do tempo de incubação, é igual ou ultrapassa a fotocitotoxicidade do Photogem® nas mesmas condições experimentais. O estudo comparativo do BCD180 e dos BCD150 e BCD90 mostrou que nas mesmas condições experimentais os dois últimos possuem fotocitotoxicidade maior do que o BCD180. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos mostra que os BCD? podem ser considerados promissores FS para TFD do câncer. Os estudos através de microscopia de fluorescência da distribuição intracelular do BCD180 e dos marcadores fluorescentes das mitocôndrias Mitotracker GreenTM e Rodamina 123 e do núcleo 4\',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) mostraram que o BCD180 se localiza preferencialmente na região das mitocôndrias. Os mecanismos da morte celular induzida pelo BCD180 foram analisados através do estudo da morfologia das células Jurkat, liberação da fosfatidilserina, liberação do citocromo c, ativação da caspase-3 e do efeito na citotoxicidade do BCD180 da proteína Bcl-2 (inibidor do citocromo c). A análise mostrou que a apoptose é a principal responsável pela morte celular induzida pelo BCD180 no escuro, enquanto que, sob irradiação luminosa, tanto a apoptose quando a necrose contribuem para a morte celular, e a contribuição da necrose aumenta com o aumento da concentração do BCD180 e do tempo de pós-irradiação. A apoptose ocorre, provavelmente, pela via intrínseca ou mitocondrial. Além disso, foram realizados os testes de permeação cutânea do BCD180 utilizando várias formulações farmacológicas e foi determinado que a mistura de 10% de monoleína em propilenoglicol possui melhores características entre todas as formulações testadas. / Cyanine dyes with two chromophores possess vantage spectral and energetic characteristics for application in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. At the same time, their photoactivity against neoplasias was not yet studied neither in vivo, nor in vitro. In this thesis, we present the results of in vitro studies of photocytotoxicity mechanisms of cyanine dyes with two chromophores (BCD) with angles = 180,150 and 90 between chromophores against neoplasic cells, with the objective to evaluate BCD potentiality to be applied as photosensitizers (PS) to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). The studies were realized in comparison with photosensitizer Photogem®, which is already applied to PDT. The BCD? phototoxic effect, their intracellular distribution and contribution of the apoptosis and necrosis in the cell death induced by BCD were studied. Besides, the search of adequate pharmaceutical formulation for BCD180 topic application was realized. The neoplasic cell lines of melanoma B16F10 in mice, human melanoma C8161, human colon adenocarcinoma HT29, human T-cell leukemia (Jurkat) and human leukemia Hl-60, were used in the study of photocytotoxicity, which was studied as a function of irradiation dose, PS concentration and incubation time of cells with PS. All tested compounds demonstrated low cytotoxicity in the darkness, while under irradiation by visible light (? > 600 nm) their cytotoxicity considerably increased. It was observed that for all types of neoplasic cells BCD photocytotoxicity under the same experimental conditions is equal or exceeds that of Photogem® when reaches the maximum with the incubation time variation. The comparative study of BCD180 with BCD150 and BCD90 demonstrated that under the same experimental conditions two latter compounds possess photocytotoxicity exceeding that of BCD180. A set of the results obtained demonstrates that BCD can be considered as promising PS for PDT of cancer. The study of intracellular distribution of BCD180, and of mitochondria and nucleus fluorescence selective probes Mitotracker GreenTM, Rhodamine 123 and 4\',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) show that BCD180 is mostly localized in the region of mitochondria. The mechanisms of the cell death induced by BCD180 were analyzed in the study of Jurkat cells morphology, phosphatidyl serine and cytochrome c liberation, caspase-3 activation, and by protein Bcl-2 (cytochrome c inhibitor) effect on BCD180 cytotoxicity. The analysis demonstrated that apoptosis is the main responsible for the cell death induced by BCD180 in darkness, while under light irradiation both apoptosis and necrosis contribute to the cell death, and necrosis contribution increases with BCD180 concentration and post-irradiation time.The apoptosis is probably realized by an intrinsic or mitochondrial way. Besides, the tests of BCD180 cutaneum permeation were realized using various pharmacological formulations. It was determined that among all formulations tested, the mixture of 10% of monoleine in propylene glycol possesses the best characteristics.
3

Ultrafast Laser Sampling of a Plant Tissue and ion Conductivity Measurement for Investigation of Light Stress Generation Mechanisms

Abtahi, Seyed Ali 08 1900 (has links)
In this study we applied ultra-short laser pulses on a biological sample (Arabidopsis), in order to cut it precisely in a square pattern and subsequently use it for studying stress generation mechanisms. For this purpose, we utilized femtosecond laser pulses at 100 fs pulse width and 80 MHz repetition rate. We took two processing parameters into consideration such as laser power, laser exposure time which is related to the stage speed. Therefore, we were able to find the laser optimum conditions for ablation of biological tissues. The mutant and wildtype (control) obtained from laser cutting with a size of 500 µm × 500 µm were directly transferred (in-situ with laser cutting) into a microfabricated chamber containing ~500 nanoliters deionized water for measuring ion conductivity. The ion conductivity is a signature of cell-death mechanisms caused by various stresses. A light with intensity of 100 µmol was exposed to the samples for 2 hours and 20 minutes as a source of stress. A quantitative electrical analysis with high accuracy was assured by utilizing a microchamber, which enables a measurement in nanoliter volume. We measured the impedance which is reciprocal of conductivity using a lock-in amplifier and a precise current source at frequency of 130 Hz. Initially high impedance of mutant sample tended to drop within 2 hours and finally approached the constant value which signified that the cell death mechanism was complete. However, the wildtype sample demonstrated approximately constant impedance (conductivity) during the experiment.

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