Thesis (MTech(Civil Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. / The performance of a centrifugal pump is altered for slurry or viscous materials (Stepanoff, 1969) and this needs to be accounted for. Usually, the suitable selection and evaluation of centrifugal pumps is based only on water pump performance curves supplied by the pump manufacturer (Wilson, Addie, Sellgren & Clift, 1997). In 1984 Walker and Goulas conducted a number of pump performance tests with kaolin clay slurries and coal slurries on a Warman 4/3 AH horizontal slurry pump and a Hazleton 3-inch B CTL horizontal pump (Walker and Goulas, 1984). Walker and Goulas have analysed the test data and correlated the performance derating both at the best efficiency flow rate (BEP) and at 10% of the best efficiency flow rate (0.1 BEP) to the modified pump Reynolds number (NRep). They have noticed that the head and the efficiency reduction ratio decreased for the pump Reynolds number less then 10⁶. Furthermore, Walker and Goulas obtained a reasonably good agreement (± 5%) between pump test data for non-Newtonian materials and pump performance prediction using the Hydraulics Institute chart. Sery and Slatter (2002) have investigated pump deration for non-Newtonian yield pseudoplastic materials. The NRep was calculated using the Bingham plastic viscosity (µp). Results have shown good agreement with regard to head and efficiency reduction ratios in comparison with previous work. However, Sery and Slatter's pump performance correlation using the HI chart did not reach the same conclusion. Error margin of ± 20% and ± 10% were found for head and efficiency respectively. This study is an attempt to reconcile the differences between Walker and Goulas (1984) and Sery and Slatter (2002) and extend the evaluation of these derating methods to pseudoplastic materials. The test work was conducted in the Flow Process Research Centre laboratory of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology using two centrifugal pumps; a Warman 6/4 and a GrW 4/3. The materials used were water, CMC solution bentonite and kaolin suspension at different concentrations (7% and 9% by weight for bentonite; 5%, 6% and 7% by weight for CMC; 17%, 19% and 21% by volume for kaolin).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O projeto de bombas centrífugas verticais de poço úmido tem forte dependência do arranjo de cada planta. Cada situação torna-se assim um projeto particular e exige uma mútua cooperação entre os fabricantes do equipamento, responsáveis pelo projeto e testes das bombas, e os proprietários e montadores das plantas, responsáveis pela montagem e instalações das bombas verticais e respectivas tubulações no campo. Após uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, evidenciou-se a ausência de uma metodologia de projeto estrutural que contemple de forma integrada o projeto estrutural de todas as partes envolvidas, isto é, as bombas, as estruturas e os edifícios onde elas são instaladas. Para o desenvolvimento da dissertação, as bombas verticais foram divididas em três partes: corpo de sucção, coluna e corpo superior. Foram analisados três casos de estudo por meio de modelagem por elementos finitos. Ficou evidenciada a necessidade de uma metodologia de projeto estrutural, baseada na identificação dos problemas e das suas causas e de alternativas estruturais mais adequadas para eliminá-los ou reduzi-los. Considerando a dificuldade de testar estas bombas numa bancada de testes do fabricante, montadas de modo similar ao que trabalharão no campo e o fato de que resolver problemas destas bombas no campo é muito difícil e em certos casos até mesmo impossível, ficou evidenciado que a metodologia de projeto estrutural proposta constitui um conjunto de recomendações de grande importância nas aplicações de bombas centrífugas verticais de poço úmido. O desenvolvimento foi feito de modo geral, mas esta metodologia pode e deve ser utilizada em centrais nucleares de potência. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e otimizar o desempenho de uma bomba hidráulica de fluxo através do redimensionamento de seu rotor. A partir da teoria acerca do pré-dimensionamento de rotores pelo método clássico (também conhecido como método geométrico) propõe-se uma planilha eletrônica que permite obter as dimensões básicas necessárias para o projeto de um rotor a partir de dados iniciais de operação e coeficientes empíricos. De modo a validar o dimensionamento teórico este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso em uma bomba-teste. A partir dos dados do software de dimensionamento e recomendações coletadas na bibliografia um novo rotor é desenvolvido tendo como objetivo principal melhorar o desempenho de operação da bomba. Durante o desenvolvimento do novo rotor são utilizados aplicativos CAD e CAM de modo a auxiliar a elaboração do projeto e execução da usinagem. Uma bancada especial de teste de bombas é utilizada no levantamento dos dados experimentais. Os resultados dos ensaios demonstram um ganho máximo na eficiência de operação de 8% e redução de até 0,7 kW na potência da bomba operando com o novo rotor. / This work has as objective to analyze and to optimize the performance of a flow hydraulic pump by the re-design of pumps impeller. From the theory about impeller design by the classic method (also known as geometric method) proposes an electronic spread that allows obtaining the basic dimensions of impeller from initial pump operation data and empiric coefficients In order to validate the theoretical design this work presents a study of case on a pump test. From the design software data and recommendations collected in the bibliography review a new impeller is developed with the main objective to improve the pump performance. During the new impeller development are used applications CAD and CAM to aid the elaboration of the design and the execution of machining. A special hydraulic pump test bench is used to collect experimental data. The tests results shown a maximum gain of 8% in the efficiency of operation and a reduction of until 0,7 kW in the pump power consumption operating with the new impeller.

O desenvolvimento de tecnologia na área de turbomáquinas é essencial ao desenvolvimento da indústria nacional e o Laboratório de Engenharia Ambiental e Térmica da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo tem compreendido ações para este propósito. Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um compressor para uma turbina a gás de pequeno porte de 500 kW, primeiro passo para o projeto e construção da turbina como um todo. A partir da análise do ciclo termodinâmico e da análise de adimensionais, o tipo de compressor a ser utilizado foi determinado. Optou-se pelo projeto de um compressor centrífugo. Iniciou-se o projeto através de análise e correlações unidimensionais com previsão de desempenho, definindo algumas geometrias iniciais a serem avaliadas nas fases seguintes. Realizou-se a análise bidimensional do impelidor com a ferramenta computacional Vista TF que utiliza o método de curvatura de linhas de corrente. Por fim, a geometria tridimensional foi definida com uso de simulações de dinâmica de fluidos computacional. De acordo com as simulações, o compressor projetado tem desempenho condizente com os requisitos impostos. / Technology development in turbomachinery is essential to the national industry development and the Laboratory of Environmental and Thermal Engineering of the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo is engaged on this purpose. This work intends to design a compressor for a small 500 kW gas turbine, the first step in the whole turbine design and construction. The compressor type was determined from thermodynamical cycle and adimensional analysis. The centrifugal type compressor was chosen. The design was initialized using one-dimensional analysis and correlations with performance prediction models, defining initial geometries to be evaluated in the upcoming design phases. The impeller was analyzed with a two dimensional computational tool named Vista TF, which uses the streamline curvature method. The tridimensional geometry was defined using computational fluid dynamics. According to the simulations, the design compressor performs satisfying the imposed requirements.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / Kirby S. Chapman / This thesis outlines the development of a centrifugal compressor model for the Turbocharger Component Matching System (TuCMS) software package that can be used to inexpensively analyze turbocharger performance. The TuCMS can also be used to match turbocharger components to integrate and optimize turbocharger-engine performance. The software system is being developed with the intent to reduce the time taken to experimentally match a turbocharger with an engine, a task that is key to engine emission reductions. The TuCMS uses one-dimensional thermo-fluid equations to analyze the compressor side of a turbocharger. For each compressor component, the program calculates the velocities, pressures, temperatures, pressure losses, work consumption, and efficiencies for a specified set of turbocharger geometry, atmospheric conditions, rotational speed, and fluid mass flow rate. The compressor includes established loss models found in the open literature. The TuCMS utilizes a component-based architecture to simplify model enhancements. The TuCMS can be used as a cost effective engineering tool for preliminary turbocharger testing during engine upgrades and modifications. In this thesis, the TuCMS compressor model was used as an analysis tool to further understand the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) experimental results. The VGT is a unique turbocharger that can change the diffuser vane angle over a wide range of positions. The change in diffuser vane angle results in optimal turbocharger performance at various operating conditions, and potentially increases the operating range. The purpose for the use of the TuCMS compressor model analysis is to identify the change in performance as the diffuser vane angles are adjusted. The TuCMS can ideally be used as a control program for the VGT to adjust the diffuser vane angles as the compressor load changes and insure the compressor is operating at the highest efficiency.

Although a wide range of flow measurement devices and methods already exist for the measurement of irrigation water, water users and water management officials still claim there is a need for more appropriate devices that are non-intrusive, reliable, easy to install and maintain, and cost effective. Meters that are typically used for irrigation water measurement were tested in a laboratory as an initial part of the research and measurement errors larger than ±10 % of the actual discharge was recorded. This study was aimed at evaluating an experimental measuring method that may meet the requirements of the users. The experimental method is based on the unique relationship between the differential pressure and the discharge of a specific pump. By determining this relationship for a specific pump over a range of operating conditions (but for specific installation conditions), a curve similar to the pump curve as developed by the pump manufacturer can be established. If this relationship is inversed (into a discharge-differential pressure relationship), it can be used to calculate the discharge of the pump by measuring the differential pressure. The volume of water discharged by the pump over a period of time can then be determined by integrating the calculated discharge over time. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the validity of the proposed measuring method. The tests entailed the development of the discharge-differential pressure relationship for the specific pump being used, by simultaneously measuring the system discharge, and pressure at both the suction and delivery sides of the pump. Once the relationship had been developed, a set of independent tests was conducted and the pressure measurements used to calculate the discharge through the system. The calculated discharge values were then compared with the measured values. The experimental measuring method was also evaluated in the field through empirical testing of its application in the field. The necessary equipment was installed and calibrated at an irrigation system pump station at the Orange-Riet Water User Association, and data collected over a two week period. The laboratory evaluation of the proposed measurement method produced favourable results, with the analyses showing that discharge can be "measured" with this method at errors smaller than ± 5.4 % of the reference reading within a specified range of flow rates, which is better than the errors produced by the conventional meters evaluated during the initial part of the research. The field tests showed that the method can be applied successfully to monitor pump abstractions. The method's results were compared to two reference measurements and it was found that the volume of water abstracted according to the experimental method was within ± 2.6 % of the reference measurements. The field work also showed that from a practical application point of view, the method has definite advantages over the conventional meters, although it is not less expensive than other measuring devices. The advantages include easier installation, high turn-down ratios, low maintenance requirements, no additional head loss, and suitable for telemetric data collection. Further work that is required include investigations on the use of a differential pressure transducer (rather than two separate suction and delivery side transducers), since this may reduce costs and the number of recorded data points, as well as evaluations of the validity of the discharge - differential pressure relationship over a long period of time, since it may change due to wear on the pump or motor. / Dissertation (M Eng (Agricultural Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Civil Engineering / unrestricted

This thesis deals with redesigning of the current technological manufacturing process and subsequent production of a centrifugal impeller of a small tubojet engine. Thesis is divided into three main parts. First part deals with the theoretical background of the turbojet engines and the centrifugal impeller. Next part is focused on the proposed manufacturing technology of the centrifugal impeller using machining. Final part of the thesis deals with evaluation of the achieved goals.

This master’s thesis is focused on design of centrifugal casting machine. Thesis includes the sorting and description method of centrifugal casting with overview of available machines. Proposal of parameters of centrifugal casting machine is done. Thesis includes technical-economic review of projection proposal for main parts of the machine. Design parameters are calculated and plan of machine is done. Safety assessment of proposed of machine variant is done. 3D model and drawings are included in thesis.

This diploma thesis deals with centrifugal pump running as a turbine. Basic working principles of a pump are included, both in pump and turbine regime. Experimental data obtained from laboratory test bed are compared with CFD simulation on slightly simplified geometry. Obtained results are then processed using spectrogram. Influence of time step and mesh size on results is also researched.