The goal of this disertation is to suggest a management of deer breeding in Libavá, where one of the six forest divisions of the state company farm with forest industry and gamekeeping. Military Forests and Farms - a division of Lipník nad Bečvou, so that there was a mutual cooperation between these two ways of farming. The proposal of this conception solves quantitative and partially qualitative section of deer population, the target quantity and location of winter object and optimal feeding regime of deer not only in these objects but also outside of them.

This thesis is focused on genetic evaluetion of Cervus nippon komplex and particulary on Cervus nippon pseudaxi and cervus nippon taiouanus kept i European ex situ instituion

Angl. resumé

The aim of this work was to analyze nuclear microsatellite markers, which were processed by methods of landscape genetics and then compared with mitochondrial sequences (mtDNA) from previous research. Microsatellite analysis was performed using 11 microsatellite sequences with a total of 188 alleles. A total of 94 individuals were analyzed, divided into 3 subpopulations. The average expected heterozygosity of 0.82 and the average observed heterozygosity of the whole population was 0.72. There is a gene flow between the subpopulations. Transport infrastructure affects the flow of genes to a small extent.

Endozoochory is an important part of plant-animal relationship. In model area of the Doupov Mountains large herbivore mammals, such as red deer, sika deer and wild boar, act as effective seed dispersers. Out of 282 dung samples 29 719 seedlings of 91 species emerged. The most common species was Urtica dioica (80 % of all seedlings). The amount of seeds in dung as well as species composition were highly dependent on dispersing animal, both showed strong seasonality and differences between two studied localities. Frequency of species in dung did not correspond to their frequency in vegetation suggesting strong preferences of herbivores as predators. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. Given very high time demands for samples processing beforehand the emergence experiment, the influence of concentration by washing through on seedling emergence and species composition was tested. According to preliminary results more seedlings and species emerge from concentrated samples. However, concentration has no effect on emergence of U. dioica as the most common species. Concentration of samples by running water is recommended for faster emergence in greenhouse conditions. Preliminary results also suggest that the approximation of number of seedlings/species on weight of dry mass is not...

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The aim of my diploma thesis is to dokument the weight of the game. In hunting HS Líšťany Hunčice. For every piece of fish caught, three mass data, the date od capture, the estimated age per month and thereafter the year is given. The weight was divided into the weight of the whole piece, the weight of the hardened piece, the weight of the hardened piece without the head and the run as i tis don efor the purchase of the game. In total, 712 pieces of deer, silk, were weighed. The hunter game was divided into categories-peas, ropes and deer. These data were statistically evaluated.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Investigating how and why individuals interact is an important component to understanding species ecology. The type and patterning of relationships (social structure) provides pertinent insight into how ecological factors such as spatial heterogeneity of resources and predation influence associations between individuals. Many taxa exhibit temporally fluid association patterns, where individuals associate with a variety of others at different rates. Ungulate species exhibit prime examples of highly fluid grouping patterns and individuals form both temporary and long-term associations. The effects of human disturbance on ungulate behavior are well documented and these changes are further exacerbated during the hunting season. Species such as elk (Cervus canadensis) are highly managed having subsistence, recreational, and economic value. The demographic effects of selective take or harvest regimes on population dynamics are known, but how human disturbance, including hunting, influences ungulate social structure on a fine-scale has not been explored. I aimed to investigate the relationship between human disturbance and social structure in a population of elk residing in southeastern, Kentucky, USA. I choose to focus on female elk given the importance of adult female survival to population dynamics and previous knowledge of some social affinity between females. I begin by discussing factors that influence ungulate sociality, how human disturbance can influence sociality and how a better understanding of association patterns could aid in management decisions. I then present two distinct yet vital studies to understanding this relationship: (1) investigation of survival of elk in Kentucky and (2) investigation of association patterns in a human dominated landscape. Hunter harvest is the primary cause of elk mortality in both eastern and western populations in North America and 85.2% of all elk mortalities in Kentucky were hunter harvest related. Older (> 5) males and younger (< 2) females had significantly higher hazards of dying relative to other age classes. Moreover, the establishment of a limited entry hunting area to prevent local overharvest of males had no effect on male survival, but instead may have resulted in local overharvest of females at one site residing on publicly accessible land. Female elk exhibit both weak and strong association patterns. I found that relatedness was significantly greater within sites, similar to patterns found in other cervid species. Association patterns within sites were not explained by age class; and relatedness was only positively correlated at one site. The sites investigated differed in the type and frequency of human disturbance, specifically hunting, suggesting that the disparity in association patterns were driven by these differences. I conclude with two smaller studies, suggesting an indirect consequence of coal surface mining disturbance on ungulate foraging behavior and the potential for interstate transfer of ecto-parasites during reintroduction efforts. This research reinforces previous findings and further refines our understanding of ungulate social structure. Consideration of temporal variation in association patterns of ungulates and other species is important to quantify the effect of disturbance on population and social processes, but also to increase our understanding of dynamic structures. Quantifying the resiliency of structure to disturbance is a priority to further our understanding of the ecology and conservation of these species.

Herbivory is one major force accelerating aspen decline in North America, but it is unclear why herbivores prefer certain aspen stands over others, or over other plant species in the understory. In this dissertation, I determined the influence of nutrients and plant secondary compounds (PSC), physiological state, chemical composition, and prior experience on aspen preference by sheep in controlled pen experiments. In addition, I explored the relationship between herbivory, regeneration, recruitment, and other landscape elements for specific aspen stands within Wolf Creek Ranch in northern Utah using biomass and chemical composition of the understory and chemical defenses of juvenile aspen trees (i.e., the foodscape). Aspen intake was enhanced when lamb diets contained a high crude protein to energy ratio or when the basal diet contained a low density of energy. Intake was depressed as concentrations of PG (phenolic glycosides) increased in aspen leaves or when lambs were fed a high energy to protein ratio. The effects of nutrients on aspen intake were greater when phenolic glycosides in aspen were present at low concentrations. However, when given a choice between aspen leaves of high or low PG content, lamb preference depended more on aspen nutrient and mineral availability, or on prior diet, than on defense chemistry. On the landscape, I found that stands at low elevations with low abundance of nutrients in the understory are more likely to experience less regeneration and recruitment than those growing within nutrient-rich sites. Aspen browsing was negatively correlated with PG content in aspen stands, and elk presence (measured via fecal pellets) was negatively correlated with abundance of understory protein. In conclusion, aspen herbivory appears to be controlled by the interplay between types and amounts of nutrients offered by the landscape and the chemical composition of aspen stands. A clear assessment of these variables on the landscape, i.e., the foodscape, will aid in the development of novel management strategies aimed at providing nutrients (e.g., through supplements, introduced forages) at strategic locations in order to reduce aspen herbivory within at-risk aspen stands.